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Violet has found letters from Chloe her sister. There is a Mom, Dad, Violet, Chloe, and Stephen. It is 1920. Chloe is in NY treating patients. Violet's friend, Flossie died of influenza ( the Spanish Flu). We know Chloe had run away from home to be a New woman. Chloe believes women should go to college, have jobs, and have the same rights as men. Violet is really upset that her mom has hidden these letters from her all of this time.

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Violet ran away with her savings, $3.92. She is going to NY to see her older sister Chloe. Violet took the letters with her to NY, Violet rode on a train and her grandmother gave her $250, Chloe lived on Hennry st. Settlement House. Then Violet's brother Stephen went as a soldier to war and got a body part removed or went into shell shock. Mrs. Renwick was on the train with Violet she was dying but no doctors no what was going on with her. She was an anti-suffragist she did not want women to vote. She thinks that women should stay at home, get married, and have babies.

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Violet ran away from the police after she got off the train. She went to the street but it was a large crowd she tried to find herself around the crowd. But she got pushed around and knocked out. Also Violet did not know where she was going, violet fell on the street, and a girl named Myrtle pick her up of the street. Violet told her where she was going, on Hennry st. settlement house.

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Violet went to the settlement and saw a man named Mr. Martion. He sat on a chair and said, Violet, is not here at the house. Chloe was in Washington Dc but they could not go because they did not have any money. It was 2 cents a mile.

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by John E. Hansan, Ph.D.
One of the most influential organizations in the history of American social welfare was the "settlement house." The establishment and expansion of social settlements and neighborhood houses in the United States corresponded closely with the Progressive Era, the struggle for woman suffrage, the absorption of millions of new immigrants into American society and the development of professional social work.

Settlements were organized initially to be "friendly and open households," a place where members of the privileged class could live and work as pioneers or "settlers" in poor areas of a city where social and environmental problems were great. Settlements had no set program or method of work. The idea was that university students and others would make a commitment to "reside" in the settlement house in order to "know intimately" their neighbors. The primary goal for many of the early settlement residents was to conduct sociological observation and research. For others it was the opportunity to share their education and/or Christian values as a means of helping the poor and disinherited to overcome their personal handicaps.

What actually happened was that residents of settlements learned as much or more from their neighbors than they taught them. The "settlers" found themselves designing and organizing activities to meet the needs of the residents of the neighborhoods in which they were living. While trying to help and uplift their neighbors - organizing classes, clubs, games and other educational and social activities - settlement house residents and volunteers experienced first hand the powerlessness of the poor, the pervasive abuse of immigrants, the terrible conditions in which men, women and children were required to work in factories and sweatshops, the failure of public officials to enforce laws, the dangers of unsanitary conditions and the debilitating effects of tuberculosis and other diseases. Settlement house residents soon learned that the low standards of living and unsafe working conditions that were the usual lot of poor people in the neighborhoods were most often not the result of choice but of necessity.

When neighborhood conditions and individual or social problems seemed too pressing to be ignored, settlement workers tried to meet them. Their efforts often led to confrontations with local and state officials. At other times, bringing about a change required becoming advocates for a specific cause or acting as spokespersons appealing to a wider public for understanding or support for a proposed civic matter or political measure. From their advocacy, research and sometimes eloquent descriptions of social needs afflicting their neighbors, lasting contributions were made by residents of settlement houses in the areas of education, public health, recreation, labor organizing, housing, local and state politics, woman's rights, crime and delinquency, music and the arts. Settlements soon became renown as the fountainhead for producing highly motivated social reformers, social scientists and public administrators, including such early notables as
Background: The Early Years
The settlement house movement started in England in 1884 when Cannon Samuel A Barnett, Vicar of St. Jude's Parrish, founded Toynbee Hall in East London. The settlement idea, as formulated by Cannon Barnett, was to have university men "settle" into a working-class neighborhood where they would not only help relieve poverty and despair through their good works but also learn something about the real world from living day-to-day with the residents of the slums. According to an early Toynbee Hall report, it was "...an association of persons, with different opinions and different tastes; its unity is that of variety; its methods are spiritual rather than material; it aims at permeation rather than conversion; and its trust is in friends rather than in organization."

Several Americans visited Toynbee Hall and were so influenced by the English experiment they decided to organize similar "settlements" in the United States. Among them:

Stanton A. Coit who founded the first American settlement in 1886 - Neighborhood Guild - on the Lower East Side of New York City (Note: the name was later changed to University Settlement)

Christina Isobel MacColl and her friend Sarah Carson founded Christodora Settlement House in the slums of New York City's Lower East Side

Jane Addams and her college classmate, Ellen Gates Starr, founded Hull House on the West Side of Chicago in 1889

Vida D. Scudder and Jean Fine organized College Settlement in New York City

Robert A. Woods established Andover House in Boston (the name was later changed to South End House.

The settlement idea spread rapidly in the United States. By 1897 there were seventy-four settlements, over a hundred in 1900, and by 1910 there were more than four hundred in operation. Most settlements were located in large cities (40 percent in Boston, Chicago, and New York), but many small cities and rural communities boasted at least one settlement house. In the early years settlements and neighborhood houses were financed entirely by donations; and the residents usually paid for their own room and board.

The American settlement movement diverged from the English model in several ways. More women became leaders in the American movement; and there was a greater interest in social research and reform. But probably the biggest difference was that American settlements were located in overcrowded slum neighborhoods filled with recent immigrants. Working with the inhabitants of these neighborhoods, settlement workers became caught up in searching for ways to ease their neighbor's adjustment and integration into a new society. Settlement house residents often acted as advocates on behalf of immigrants and their neighborhoods; and, in various areas, they organized English classes and immigrant protective associations, established "penny banks" and sponsored festivals and pageants designed to value and preserve the heritage of immigrants.

It is important to note that settlements helped create and foster many new organizations and social welfare programs, some of which continue to the present time. Settlements were action oriented and new programs and services were added as needs were discovered; settlement workers tried to find, not be, the solution for social and environmental deficits affecting their neighbors. In the process, some settlements became engaged in issues such as housing reform, factory safety, labor organizing, protecting children, opening health clinics, legal aid programs, consumer protection, milk pasteurization initiatives and well-baby clinics. Others created parks and playgrounds or emphasized the arts by establishing theaters and classes for the fine arts and music education. A number of settlement leaders and residents conducted research, prepared statistical studies, wrote reports or described their personal experiences in memoirs (e.g., Hull-House Maps and Papers, Robert Woods's City Wilderness, Jane Addams's Twenty Years at Hull-House, and Lillian Wald's House on Henry Street).

Early settlement house residents did not escape the prejudice nor completely overcome the ethnic stereotypes common to their generation and social class; they tried consciously to teach middle-class values, often betraying a paternalistic attitude toward the poor. On the other hand, and this was typical of progressives, most settlements were segregated. Although Hull-House and other settlements helped establish separate institutions for Black neighborhoods, pioneered in studying Black urban communities, and helped organize the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Blacks were not welcome at the major settlements.
The Contributions of "Living" in a Settlement House
A distinctive feature of the early years of the settlement movement was "residency." By design, staff and volunteers lived communally in the same house or building, sharing meals and facilities, working together and spending some or all of their leisure time together. This arrangement fostered an exciting environment in which university-educated and socially motivated men and women enjoyed the opportunity to share their knowledge, life experiences, ideas and plans for the future. Working and living together, even for short periods, the residents of a settlement house bonded around specific projects, collaborated on social issues, formed close friendships and experienced lasting impressions they carried with them for a lifetime.

How to Cite this Article (APA Format): Hansan, J.E. (2011). Settlement houses: An introduction. Social Welfare History Project. Retrieved [date accessed] from https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/settlement-houses/settlement-houses/

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by John E. Hansan, Ph.D. One of the most influential organizations in the history of American social welfare was the "settlement house." The establishment and expansion of social settlements and neighborhood houses in the United States corresponded closely with the Progressive Era, the struggle for woman suffrage, the absorption of millions of new immigrants into American society and the development of professional social work.

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Violet and Myrtle meet Hobie, who is homeless, and he shows them how to ride a blind. This means to ride a train without paying. They rode on a train on a dirty platform and they have to sleep outside. In the end, they make it to Washington DC and they realize Hobie is a great guy and not what they seemed. The theme is don't judge a book by its cover. At first, Violet and Myrtle think Hobie is sketch, but in the end, he saved Myrtle and helped the girls get to  Washington DC.

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Chapter 6: It All Comes Down to Tennessee 

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Chapter 6: It All Comes Down to Tennessee 

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Violet and Myrtle have arrived in Washington DC to find Chloe. They are filthy and covered with soot from the train ride. When they arrived Violet is surprised by the neighborhood, it has old worn-down buildings and small alleys. There is one faucet for everyone to wash with, this is where Myrtle is from. They get to the Cameron House and meet Mrs. Dexter, Lucy Burns, and Alice Paul. All of these ladies are suffragists but Mrs. Dexter is not a favor of helping Myrtle because she is "colored" They learn how Tennessee is holding an important voting session. Suffragist is traveling to Tennessee in hopes to help the Sussan B. Amendement.

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Violet and Myrtle wake up at the Cameron's house and go downstairs for breakfast. They are surprised that Mr. Martin has shown up. They discuss going to Tennessee, the two girls would like to go there and find Chloe. Miss Dexter is still giving Myrtle funny looks and is not pleased to take her along. Mr. Martin agrees to go with them, but Violet has to telegram home beforehand. Once they get onto the train, an encounter between the conductor tells Myrtle to go to the "colored car" and Mr. Martin stands up for Myrtle. The conductor reminds Mr. Martin that is Virginia law, and he must follow the law or risk being arrested. We also learned that Mr. Martin received his scar because of child labor and was part of a huge protest with mother jones he was younger. The theme of this chapter is don't judge a book by its cover.

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Myrtle is making her way to the colored car at the back of the train. Once she finally gets there, she meets an old woman, Mrs. Merganser who used to be a slave. The woman told Myrtle that the amendment for women to vote what not include colored women. Myrtle is very stubborn and determined that colored women will have the right to vote.

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In Chapter 9, Violet and Myrtle realize that Mr. Martin is running away from the police. They don't know what he did wrong. Two men called Palmer agents tried to find Mr. Martin, they question the suffragist about him and accuse the women of not being very intelligent because they are female. The two men treated the women like they were dumb. We see examples of inequality with the Jim Crow car and Myrtle being inequality is between men and women, we can tell the agents don't think women should get the right to vote

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Violet helps a woman who had fallen and was upset about losing her son in the war, and Violet gets angry about the way the women have to sit in silence while men make decisions that affect them. It is unequal and unfair that women are not allowed to participate in the decision-making process. We meet Miss Charlotte Rowe and she companies Violet from the train station to the hotel where she is staying. When Violet walks toward the entrance of the hotel, she is told by Miss Charlotte Rowe that women use a different entrance at the side of the building. It is unequal that women and men cannot enter through the same entrance, and it is unfair that women have enter the side of the building as if they aren't important enough to enter at the front.

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In Chapter 11 we see the theme "inequality is injustice. " Violet is hungry and wants to find somewhere to eat, but she is told she can't in one of the hotel restaurants because is for men only. It is unequal and unfair that men and women cannot eat in the same restaurants, especially given that there isn't a restaurant just for women. She also realizes that the woman who pinned a red rose on her on the train was an Anti, and she was staying an in Anti room at the hotel. She finds out she can eat sandwiches if she goes to the Anti meeting. As she listens to them speak, she learns how they are getting men to change their minds about voting for Susan B. Anthony Amendment. Violet overheard some people talking and they said, "Mayhew and she got really excited to finally see Chloe! Chloe and Violet finally see each other and Violet told Chloe she ran away from home to find her. Chloe is really tired and doesn't seem to be much help to find Myrtle or Mr. Martin.

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Violet woke at the Tulane Hotel, ate breakfast, and realized while she was at the Hermitage no one paid any attention to her, so she was able to hear everything the Antis were saying. She thought about how maybe she could be a spy and tell the staff what they are doing. She then went looking for Mr. Martin and Myrtle and found them very dirty looking like hoboes in the train yard. Mr. Martin and Chloe had a heated discussion at first but then you can tell they were happy to see each other. Myrtle is being treated unfairly, the desk clerk telling her she cannot stay at the hotel.

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In chapter 13 we see the theme "inequality is injustice. " We see it first on page 154 when Mr. Martin and Myrtle are trying to find food, and they go sit at a counter. Instead of serving them, the boy working there calls the police because Myrtle is African-American. Segregation laws and opinions at the time prevented her from eating in places where white people ate. At another place, Mr. Martin is told Myrtle can only be served in the alley, and after trying multiple places, they end up eating in an alley because Myrtle isn't allowed to eat anywhere else. We also see this theme on pages 155-157 when Myrtle isn't allowed to stay at any of the hotels they try for the same reasons she is not allowed to eat at restaurants.

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Myrtle tries to distract Mr.Martin so he won't go out and get arrested by talking to him about Chloe and hinting that they should get married and adopt her. Meanwhile, Violet and Chloe go to a pharmacy to get something to eat, and Violet informs Chloe about how the Antis think they're going to win the vote. Violet Becomes very upset when Chloe explains why the colored suffragist is being asked to stay hidden. Mr.Martin and Myrtle show up at the pharmacy. Then, Mr. Martin and Chloe get into an agreement because he is jealous of her spending time with legislators to convince them to vote for the amendment.

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Violet, Chloe, and Myrtle are hanging out in a field and the girls are learning how to drive the Hope Chest. Violet and Chloe leave , drive through town, and talk about politics. People are switching sides a lot and it is becoming tense. They go to the Capital and they learn that 2 legislators have ran off. This is important because they need to vote ( they are on the Suff side). Myrtle and Mr. Martin are back at Dead Hores Alley eating some snacks when Mr. Martin gets arrested and taken away. Mrs. Ready, the lady who owns the house, tells Myrtle she has a place for her to go and Myrtle is scared and not nervous.

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Violet has to find two legislators who "run away" instead of changing their vote. The suffragist needs them to vote for the Susan B. Amendment. In order to find them, she has to drive the Hope Chest (car) and it gets pretty crazy. She does it through! She finds Mr. Credwell and makes him back, and Mrs. Pollitzer finds Mr. Boltz this whole time Violet cannot find Chloe, Myrtle, or Mr. Martin. At the end of the Chapter, we learned that vote ended in 10-8 so finding those two guys was super important.

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In this chapter, the women are given the right to vote! after the vote is being delayed, people are pouring into the Capitol to see this special day. Mr. Burn reads a letter, It is from his mother. She is telling him to give women the right to vote, and he does. Chloe shows up, and we learn that Mr. Martin was in jail but Chloe bailed him out by selling the hope chest. Mr. Martin's new is now Mr. Hanover

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Violet and Chloe took the streetcar and found Mr. Martin. their tent was hidden and the back of camp. Mr.Martin saw Chloe and jumped up and hugged her