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Right breed for you? Shih Tzu information including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard.

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A Brief History of Dogs - How We Domesticated Dogs

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In the same way that inbreeding among human populations can increase the frequency of normally rare genes that cause diseases, the selective breeding that created the hundreds of modern dog breeds has put purebred dogs at risk for a large number of health problems, affecting both body and behavior.

Some conditions are directly related to the features breeders have sought to perpetuate among their dogs. As they deliberately manipulated the appearance of dogs to create or accentuate physical characteristics that were considered aesthetically pleasing, like the flat face of a bulldog or low-slung eyelids of a Bloodhound, breeders also created physical disabilities. The excessively wrinkled skin of the Chinese Shar-Pei causes frequent skin infection; Bulldogs and other flat-faced (or brachycephalic) breeds such as the Pekingese have breathing problems because of their set-back noses and shortened air passages; Bloodhounds suffer chronic eye irritation and infection.

The unnaturally large and small sizes of other breeds encourage different problems. For example, toy and miniature breeds often suffer from dislocating kneecaps and heart problems are more common among small dogs. Giant dogs such as Mastiffs, Saint Bernards, and Great Danes are nearly too big for their own good. Researchers have found a striking correlation between a dog's large size and a frequency of orthopedic problems like hip dysplasia. Large dogs are often prone to heat prostration because they can't cool down their bodies (tiny dogs, by contrast, have a hard time staying warm), and because of the massive weight they must support, these breeds are prone to malignant bone tumors in their legs. Meanwhile, the huge head and narrow hips of the Bulldog can necessitate that their pups must be born by Caesarean section.

Other health problems among purebreds are the product of both inbreeding and bad genetic luck. The genes responsible for many genetic diseases are "recessive," which means that two copies of a damaged gene, one from the mother and one from the father, must be present in an individual for the disease to occur. Individuals that carry only one copy of the disease gene don't have the condition, and are carriers of the disease. Normally, because disease genes are relatively rare, it is unlikely that both the mother and the father will be carriers, and even less likely that they'll both give the disease gene to their offspring. But that's not the case for purebred dog breeds, where genetically similar individuals are intentionally mated, increasing the concentration of disease genes. It's like stacking a deck of cards with ten extra aces and ten extra face cards; the loaded deck increases your chance of hitting blackjack in a game of 21-but what you "win" might be allergies or a predisposition to cancer.
Skin problems
A skin allergy, atopic dermatitis, inflicts itchy, inflamed skin on as many as 15 percent of all dogs, but certain breeds are particularly susceptible. Dog breeds prone to atopic dermatitis include Dalmatians, Vizslas, and several terriers, such as the Boston Terrier, Bull Terrier, and the West Highland White Terrier. The numerous skin folds of a Chinese Shar-Pei, so valued by some breeders, can become breeding grounds for staphylococcus and other bacteria, which cause frequent skin infections. Also, excess wrinkles of skin on the face can rub on the eye, causing lesions and, potentially, blindness.
Immune system disease
In autoimmune disorders, an individual's immune system, which normally works to fight off foreign invaders, launches a misguided attack against its own tissues and cells. A number of inherited diseases compromising the immune system have been noted in dogs, including primary severe combined immunodeficiency (a dog version of the "bubble boy" disease) among Basset hounds, Cardigan Welsh Corgis, and Dachshunds. Addison's disease, an autoimmune disease that affects the hormone-producing adrenal glands, occurs more frequently among several particular breeds, including the Bearded Collie, Portuguese Water Dog, and Standard Poodles. Diabetes mellitus, an autoimmune disorder affecting the body's response to sugars, shows up more frequently among Samoyeds and Australian Terrier dogs.
Blood disorders
Bassett Hounds are prone to an inherited abnormality the effects the ability of the platelets in the blood to clump together after an injury. The blood doesn't clot properly, leading to hemorrhage and bruising. Clotting problems also plague dogs with von Willebrand's disease, a genetic condition frequent in Doberman Pinschers.
Neurological, behavioral, and sensory
Neurological and behavioral problems afflict many pure breeds. Bull Terriers, for example, often compulsively chase their tails. Pugs are be predisposed to Pug Dog encephalitis, a fatal brain disease. Scottish Terriers are affected by Scottie Cramp, a disorder that causes the dogs to lose muscle control when they get excited. German Shepherds may inherit degenerative myelopathy, a crippling spinal cord disease that causes weakness and eventually paralysis.
Hearing and vision
Hereditary hearing loss is common in Dalmatians, Australian Cattle Dogs, and English Setters. Alaskan Malamutes, Siberian Huskies, Samoyeds, Bichon Frise, and more than 60 other purebred dogs suffer from inherited forms of cataracts, while progressive retinal atrophy, a common cause of blindness in purebreds, is particularly a problem in Old English Sheepdogs and Papillons.
Heart disease
Sudden death from cardiac disease is recurrent in several dog breeds, including Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, Irish Wolfhounds, and German Shepherds. Boxers can be genetically predisposed to an irregular heartbeat. High blood pressure afflicts many small breeds including Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Staffordshire terriers, among others.
Other organs and systems
Low thyroid function crops up most frequently in Alaskan Malamutes, English Setters, Golden Retrievers, Keeshonds, Samoyeds, and Siberian Huskies. Gastric torsion, or bloat, a potentially life-threatening inability to expel gas from the digestive system, is common among deep-chested breeds such as the Great Dane, Doberman, and German Shepherd. An inherited form of kidney disease affects English Cocker Spaniels, while Dalmatians are prone to kidney stones and Basenjis suffer from Fanconi Syndrome, a potentially fatal inherited disease in which the kidneys fail to reabsorb nutrients. Liver damage and cirrhosis are common in Bedlington Terriers because of an inherited condition called copper toxicosis, in which high levels of copper accumulate in the liver.
Cancer
Cancers are strongly influenced by genetics, and so it is not surprising to find various types of cancer among different dog breeds. For example, bone cancer, or osteosarcoma, is considerably more frequent among large and giant breeds of dogs, such as the Irish Wolfhound, Great Dane, Rottweiler, Labrador and Golden Retriever, Greyhound, and Saint Bernard, because their bones are stressed by carrying so much weight. High rates of malignant blood vessel tumors are seen among Golden Retrievers, which are also prone to leukemia and brain tumors. German Shepherd Dogs and Chow Chows are predisposed to gastric cancer, while Scottish Terriers are 18 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than are other breeds.
Orthopedic
Hip dysplasia, in which looseness in the hip joint causes excessive wear that eventually leads to arthritis, is most common among large dogs, especially those like the German Shepherd Dog and the Saint Bernard which have heavy, broad hips. The long neck and large head of breeds such as the Great Dane and the Doberman can cause the compression of the spinal cord in neck vertebrae, leading to wobbling and falling ("wobbler syndrome"). Selective breeding of the disproportionately short legs of breeds such as the Basset Hound and the Dachshund has led to bowed legs and chronic problems with elbow dislocation; the short legs and long back of Dachshunds causes them to suffer more often from ruptured vertebral disks. Because of their small bones, toy and miniature breeds are more likely to experience patellar luxation, the slipping or dislocation of the kneecaps.

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Dogs That Changed The World | Selective Breeding Problems | Nature | PBS

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In the same way that inbreeding among human populations can increase the frequency of normally rare genes that cause diseases, the selective breeding that created the hundreds of modern dog breeds has put purebred dogs at risk for a large number of health problems, affecting both body and behavior.

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Selective Breeding | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool

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Selective breeding has been around dogs since the earliest domestication. This type of breeding is not just practiced in dogs, it has been used for thousands of years, and we wouldn't have many plant species or dog breeds today if it wasn't for selective breeding. Many positive things came out of this practice. However, there are some negative sides to it as well. If you are interested in learning more about it, stick with us, and we will tell you all you need to know about it.

What is selective breeding?

Selective breeding can be defined as the " process used by humans to develop new organisms with desirable characteristics." The main reason selective breeding happened is to promote desirable traits in dogs with specific purposes. That is why we have dogs with different capabilities, coats, energy levels, intelligence, and sizes. Of course, we cannot talk about selective breeding without mentioning breeding that happens in the wild.

Natural selection

Animals in the wild breed entirely differently; their breeding is determined by a series of events and circumstances. Animals in the wild often fight for mating rights. The breeding can even be determined by one animal's will to breed with the other. This process is called natural selection.

Origin of selective breeding in dogs

There is no specific evidence for the exact time selective breeding started, but we know that humans bred dogs for more than 14.000 years. Dogs were used for particular tasks, and dog owners carefully selected dogs with specific traits they wanted to promote. That is how basic dog breed groups came to life.

Domestication

The first evidence of selective breeding can be seen in the domestication of dogs. Dogs come from wolves, and they were "created" because humans bred wolves with the mildest temperaments. They paired wolves that could be trusted and worked with. If it wasn't for selective breeding, we wouldn't have the dogs we have today.

Hunting dogs

One of the original purposes dogs had after domestication is hunting. Through selective breeding, humans promoted dogs with specific traits. They focused on breeding dogs that were agile, explosive, lean, and fast. A great example of a hunting dog is the .

Herding dogs

When humans switched from hunting to raising livestock for food, they needed dogs to help them take care and herd the livestock. They started selectively breeding dogs with the best herding instincts. These dogs were the most intelligent, capable of following orders, and had incredible endurance and stamina.

Protection/fighting dogs

When humans started placing large numbers of animals in one place, predators realized they had a chance of easy prey. Naturally, humans wanted to develop dogs with protective characters that would protect the livestock from wolves, bears, and other potential predators. They selectively bred the biggest, strongest, most intimidating dogs to create livestock protectors like the Anatolian Shepherd. Most modern-day livestock protection breeds come from the ancient Molossian dogs that were used for protection and war.

Companions

It wasn't long before humans realized that dogs make great company. We wanted to spend more time with our dogs, so we started selectively breeding dogs with calm temperaments and small sizes. That is how modern-day or were created.

INTERESTING FACT: The term "Artificial selecting" was coined by none other than Charles Darwin in his famous book "On Origin of the Species."

Advantages of selective breeding

Selective breeding exists for an excellent reason; it can eliminate undesirable traits and promote desirable traits and characteristics breeders want. This might sound cruel to dog owners, but keep in mind that selective breeding gave us most of the pureblooded dog breeds we know today. It has also given humanity plants resistant to pests, healthier dogs, cats, horses, fruit, and many things we take for granted today. Here are some of the best things selective breeding introduced in the canine kingdom;

Specialization

When humans started carefully breeding dogs, they promoted specific traits that made some breeds excel at what they do. For example, a Border Collie was carefully bred to become the best herding dog in the world. These dogs are the most intelligent breed in the world, and it is all thanks to selective breeding.

Purebred dog breeds

If it wasn't for selective breeding, we wouldn't have pureblooded dog breeds. There are strict guidelines that will let the breeder know what a pureblooded breed is supposed to look like and which traits future puppies should inherit.

Elimination of undesirable traits

This might also sound cruel, but keep in mind that the most undesirable traits are inheritable diseases. Through selective breeding, dog breeders, kennel clubs, and veterinarians managed to eliminate hereditary diseases. Another thing that was successfully removed was aggressive behavior. Some breeds were overly aggressive because they were used for .

Negative sides of selective breeding

Like with any other thing in life, there are positive and negative sides to selective breeding. With selective breeding, puppies will inherit everything. For example, dog breeders focused on breeding herding dogs will also pass genes that might be responsible for hip dysplasia. That is not necessarily the case, but that means that when breeders focus on reinforcing one thing, they might accidentally pass on undesirable traits as well. Here are some of the negative sides of selective breeding;

Limited gene pools

One of the most significant issues with selective breeding is the limited gene pool. " Gene pool" is a made-up term that refers to all genetic material available within one breed. The main issue can develop when a breed develops health issues, and all healthy dogs with " good " genes are gone. The only option is to "introduce" genes from another breed.

Popular sire syndrome

This is a problem when a dog becomes very popular, and breeders want to use him for breeding. A single sire can produce many puppies, and this process is usually done by artificial insemination. The result is puppies that share too much genetic material, and the overall gene pool gets even smaller. Too similar genetic material will prevent future puppies from breeding because it will produce puppies prone to hereditary diseases that might have been eradicated.

In conclusion

Selective breeding brought us many different and positive things. Because of it, we have pureblooded dog breeds that are specialized in specific tasks. However, there is a negative side to it, but the benefits severely outweigh the negatives.

World Dog Finder team

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Selective breeding has been around dogs since the earliest domestication. This type of breeding is not just practiced in dogs, it has been used for thousands of years, and we wouldn't have many plant species or dog breeds today if it wasn't for selective breeding. Many positive things came out of this practice.

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Genetics of Dog Breeding | Learn Science at Scitable

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Dogs’ closest living relatives are wolves. Analysis of the two species’ genomes has revealed differences that some scientists believe are a result of dogs being subject to artificial selection imposed by humans.

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How Did Wolves Evolve? | National Geographic

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Plants and animals have changed dramatically over the lifetime of our planet. Through evolution most organisms have gained or lost certain characteristics based on their need for change in order for their species to survive. When evolution was first theorized in the 19th century, our view of the wor…

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Step into the world of writers and photographers as they tell you about the best, worst, and quirkiest places and adventures they encountered

Wolf to Woof: The Evolution of Dogs
in the field.

In More to Explore the National Geographic magazine team shares some of its best sources and other information. Special thanks to the Research Division.

The basenji, a compact hunter whose ancestry is depicted in Egyptian tombs 5,000 years old, is the only dog that does not bark. It isn't mute however. It often chortles or yodels, even snarls, and it has other unusual characteristics. Like the wolf, another non-barker, the basenji can only be bred once a year, not twice like most dogs.

—Jeanne E. Peters

International Wolf Center

www.wolf.org
This site gives information about wolves and their association with humans and other animals.

American Museum of Natural History
paleo.amnh.org/fossil/FRC.xindex
Visit the museum in New York City whose paleontology department collected some of the best specimens of early dog precursors, such as Borophagus.

Top

Fogle, Bruce.
The New Encyclopedia of the Dog. Dorling Kindersley, 2000.

Morey, Darcy F. "The Early Evolution of the Domestic Dog." American Scientist (July/August 1994), 336-347.

Olsen, Stanley J. Origins of the Domestic Dog. University of Arizona Press, 1985.

Sheldon, Jennifer W. Wild Dogs: The Natural History of the Nondomestic Canidae. Academic Press, 1992.

Thurston, Mary Elizabeth. The Lost History of the Canine Race. Andrews and McMeel, 1996.

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Foster, Joanna.
Dogs Working for People. National Geographic Books, 1972.

Linehan, Edward J. "Dogs Work for Man: Intelligent and Eager, Man's Oldest Friend Learns New Ways to Catch Thieves, Find the Lost, and Master Other Tricky Tasks," National Geographic (August 1958), 190-233.

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Wolf to Woof: The Evolution of Dogs @ nationalgeographic.com

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Step into the world of writers and photographers as they tell you about the best, worst, and quirkiest places and adventures they encountered Wolf to Woof: The Evolution of Dogs in the field. In More to Explore the National Geographic magazine team shares some of its best sources and other information.

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When you first meet a Rhodesian Ridgeback, two things are immediately obvious: the striking ridge of hair along the back and the imposing stature. This is a strong, dignified, muscular breed and member of the Hound Group. Rhodesian Ridgebacks are not likely to be the first dog that strangers reach over to pet and cuddle. Those in the know, however, appreciate all of the qualities that make the Ridgeback beloved by fans.

1. The Rhodesian Ridgeback is a unique South African dog, a product of several breeds.

The breed is the result of crosses among the native ridged Khoikhoi dog and dogs brought to Africa by European settlers, including Mastiffs, Bloodhounds, Great Danes, and Greyhounds.

2. Originally bred to pursue lions, Rhodesian Ridgebacks are superb hunters.

The Rhodesian Ridgeback not only tracks their prey but can hold also quarry at bay. The breed is also known as the African Lion Hound due to their history in helping to hunt lions in the savannah.

3. An athletic breed, Ridgebacks loves to run.

Along with the Ridgeback's hunting skills, they are speedy enough to keep pace with some of the fastest dog breeds. They tend to perform well at l ure coursing.

4. Rhodesian Ridgebacks only come in one color, wheaten.

Although you'll see coats in what appear to be varied colors, they're really just all the different shades, from pale flax to deep auburn. The breed standard details acceptable colors as "light wheaten to red wheaten."

5. They make excellent family guardians.

Not only did the original breed hunt in the wild, but they also protected Boer farms and families in an untamed, often hostile environment. The Ridgeback's formidable presence will make any intruder think twice.

6. Among the first people to breed Rhodesian Ridgebacks in the United States was the movie star Errol Flynn.

He purchased his first Ridgeback from an English breeder in the 1930's and raised the dogs on his ranch in Hollywood. Sadly, that bloodline is now extinct.

7. The Rhodesian Ridgeback is highly intelligent with a strong-willed, independent streak.

The breed needs patient and consistent training and a lot of positive motivation from puppyhood to avoid becoming a domineering nuisance.

8. As a rule, the breed is not known as barkers.

If your Ridgeback is barking at someone or something, you'd better investigate, as something may be up.

9. Rhodesian Ridgebacks are worthy competitors in various dog sports, including conformation.

Most recently, A Touch of Class (called "Penny"), bred by Shadowbridge Rhodesian Ridgebacks in Sacramento, California, took first in the Hound Group at the 2019 AKC National Championship presented by Royal Canin.

10. The Rhodesian Ridgeback is a dearly devoted companion.

As imposing as they look, these dogs are whole-heartedly attached to their families, including children. These are 'people' dogs that want to be wherever you are. They love you deeply, with unswerving dedication and loyalty.

Purchasing and Registering Your Rhodesian Ridgeback

Think the noble Rhodesian Ridgeback is the breed for you? Check out Rhodesian Ridgeback puppies on the AKC Marketplace.

After becoming the owner of a Ridgeback, it is important to register your dog. Why? The AKC is the only purebred dog registry in the United States that maintains an investigation and inspection effort. The AKC conducts thousands of inspections each year to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of dogs and the environments in which they live.

After you register your dog. you will receive your official AKC certificate in the mail. There are many other benefits, including a complimentary first vet visit, 30 days of pet insurance, and eligibility to compete in AKC events and sports.

Rhodesian Ridgeback Products You May Like:
Embroidered Baseball Cap
This cotton twill ball cap is almost as handsome as your Rhodesian Ridgeback. It's got an antiqued brass buckle and mesh lining and comes in eight appealing colors. Price: $25
Rhodesian Ridgeback Pendant
Wear it as a charm on a bracelet or on a necklace. Either way, you'll be showing off your Ridgeback love with this hand-polished, sterling silver charm. Price: $45

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The Rhodesian Ridgeback: 10 Facts About These South African Hounds

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When you first meet a Rhodesian Ridgeback, two things are immediately obvious: the striking ridge of hair along the back and the imposing stature. This is a strong, dignified, muscular breed and member of the Hound Group. Rhodesian Ridgebacks are not likely to be the first dog that strangers reach over to pet and cuddle.

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Temperament: Courageous, Dignified, Profoundly Loyal

AKC Breed Popularity: Ranks 47 of 197

Height: 26-28 inches (male), 24-26 inches (female)

Weight: 100-130 pounds (male), 70-100 pounds (female)

Life Expectancy: 10-13 years

Group: Working Group

The AKC has grouped all of the breeds that it registers into seven categories, or groups, roughly based on function and heritage. Breeds are grouped together because they share traits of form and function or a common heritage.

Find a Puppy: Akita

AKC Marketplace | PuppyFinder

AKC Marketplace is the only site to exclusively list 100% AKC puppies from AKC-Registered litters and the breeders who have cared for and raised these puppies are required to follow rules and regulations established by the AKC.

HEAD

Massive but in balance with body; free of wrinkle when at ease. Skull flat between ears and broad; jaws broad and powerful with minimal dewlap. Head forms a blunt triangle when viewed from above. Fault - Narrow or snipey head. Ears - The ears of the Akita are characteristic of the breed. They are strongly erect and small in relation to rest of head. If ear is folded forward for measuring length, tip will touch upper eye rim. Ears are triangular, slightly rounded at tip, wide at base, set wide on head but not too low, and carried slightly forward over eyes in line with back of neck. Disqualification - Drop or broken ears. Eyes - Dark brown, small, deep-set and triangular in shape. Eye rims black and tight. Lips and Tongue - Lips black and not pendulous; tongue pink. Teeth - Strong with scissors bite preferred, but level bite acceptable. Disqualification - Noticeably undershot or overshot.

About the Akita

Akitas are burly, heavy-boned spitz-type dogs of imposing stature. Standing 24 to 28 inches at the shoulder, Akitas have a dense coat that comes in several colors, including white. The head is broad and massive, and is balanced in the rear by a full, curled-over tail. The erect ears and dark, shining eyes contribute to an expression of alertness, a hallmark of the breed.

Akitas are quiet, fastidious dogs. Wary of strangers and often intolerant of other animals, Akitas will gladly share their silly, affectionate side with family and friends. They thrive on human companionship. The large, independent-thinking Akita is hardwired for protecting those they love. They must be well socialized from birth with people and other dogs.

National Breed Clubs and Rescue

Want to connect with other people who love the same breed as much as you do? We have plenty of opportunities to get involved in your local community, thanks to AKC Breed Clubs located in every state, and more than 450 AKC Rescue Network groups across the country.

Find a Puppy: Akita

AKC Marketplace | PuppyFinder

AKC Marketplace is the only site to exclusively list 100% AKC puppies from AKC-Registered litters and the breeders who have cared for and raised these puppies are required to follow rules and regulations established by the AKC.

Care

The Akita should do well on a high-quality dog food , whether commercially manufactured or home-prepared with your veterinarian's supervision and approval. Any diet should be appropriate to the dog's age (puppy, adult, or senior).Some breed experts recommend that Akitas aged 7 years and older be fed a "light" or less calorie-dense diet as a defense against possible onset of kidney disease.

Some dogs are prone to getting overweight , so watch your dog's calorie consumption and weight level. Treats can be an important aid in training, but giving too many can cause obesity. Learn about which human foods are safe for dogs, and which are not. Check with your vet if you have any concerns about your dog's weight or diet. Clean, fresh water should be available at all times. It's important to remember that some Akitas can be food-possessive, and should be given their food bowl or treats well away from other animals or children.

Akitas tend to be clean and have little "doggy odor." They don't require extensive grooming, but their thick, luxurious double coat should be brushed at least once a week to look its best. Although Akitas shed only minimally most of the time, expect their dense undercoat to "blow" twice a year, where it will shed so profusely that it comes out in clumps all over your house. During this time it helps to brush the dog more frequently to get rid of the dead coat. The nails should also be trimmed regularly, as overly long nails can cause pain and problems for the dog. Remember also to brush the dog's teeth often to ensure dental health.

The Akita is generally not a highly active breed but does require moderate exercise. A jog or brisk walk around the block at least once a day can meet the needs of most individuals of the breed. Akitas also enjoy playing energetically. Although they are large dogs - males often weigh more than 100 pounds - with sufficient daily exercise Akitas can do well in a relatively small home. They are hardy dogs bred to withstand the harsh outdoor conditions of northern Japan, but they were bred as housedogs and guardians as well as hunters, and adapt very well to life in the home.

Akitas are very intelligent and loyal but also have an independent, headstrong nature. As large and very powerful dogs, it is vital that they are trained consistently, beginning in puppyhood. They are instinctive guardians, so it's especially important that Akitas have early and extensive socialization when young. They must learn to accept a wide variety of strangers and not perceive them as a threat. Because of their independence and strong prey drive, they should never be off lead in an unsecured area. Akitas tend to be aggressive toward other dogs, particularly of the same sex, and extreme caution should be used in canine interactions.

Like many dogs, Akitas can experience bloat, a sudden, life-threatening condition where the stomach can twist without veterinary intervention. Bloat is a medical emergency, and Akita owners should learn to recognize the signs. Prospective owners should be sure to work with a reputable breeder who tests his or her breeding stock for health concerns such as eye and thyroid disorders, and hip dysplasia, a malformation of the hip joints that can cause pain and arthritis.

Read the Official Breed Club Health Statement.
Recommended Health Tests from the National Breed Club:

Hip Evaluation

Ophthalmologist Evaluation

History

Akitas are Japan's entry in the ancient canine clan of spitz-type dogs bred around the world on the globe's northern latitudes. The breed as we know it was developed in the early 17th century in the Akita prefecture of northern Japan. It is said that the emperor banished a wayward nobleman to the prefecture, the northernmost province of the island of Honshu, where the nobleman was ordered to live out his days as a provincial ruler. As it happens, this exiled aristocrat was an ardent dog man and encouraged the barons under his sway to compete in the breeding of a large, versatile hunting dog. Generations of selective breeding produced the Akita, a powerful hunter with a strong work ethic and stout heart who worked in packs on such big game as wild boar, deer, and the fearsome Yezo bear. Owning Akitas was once restricted to the imperial family and their court. In more recent times, just plain folks the world over have employed their Akitas as world-class family guardians.

Akitas have for centuries been the object of myth and legend and occupy a special place in Japanese culture. When a child is born, the parents will usually receive an Akita figurine signifying happiness and long life, in keeping with an old Japanese tradition. A famously loyal Akita of the 1920s named Hachiko is among Japan's most cherished symbols.

Various times during the Akita's long history, the breed teetered on the brink of extinction. To ensure the Akita's survival, a Japanese national breed club was founded in 1927. Helen Keller is credited with bringing the first Akita to the United States, a gift she received while visiting Japan. Akitas caught on in America after WWII, when returning GIs brought them back from the Pacific. The breed entered the AKC Stud Book in 1972.

(Historical photographs courtesy of the AKC Library and Archives - Akita Club of America Collection)

HEAD

Massive but in balance with body; free of wrinkle when at ease. Skull flat between ears and broad; jaws broad and powerful with minimal dewlap. Head forms a blunt triangle when viewed from above. Fault - Narrow or snipey head. Ears - The ears of the Akita are characteristic of the breed. They are strongly erect and small in relation to rest of head. If ear is folded forward for measuring length, tip will touch upper eye rim. Ears are triangular, slightly rounded at tip, wide at base, set wide on head but not too low, and carried slightly forward over eyes in line with back of neck. Disqualification - Drop or broken ears. Eyes - Dark brown, small, deep-set and triangular in shape. Eye rims black and tight. Lips and Tongue - Lips black and not pendulous; tongue pink. Teeth - Strong with scissors bite preferred, but level bite acceptable. Disqualification - Noticeably undershot or overshot.

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Temperament: Courageous, Dignified, Profoundly Loyal AKC Breed Popularity: Ranks 47 of 197 Height: 26-28 inches (male), 24-26 inches (female) Weight: 100-130 pounds (male), 70-100 pounds (female) Life Expectancy: 10-13 years Group: Working Group The AKC has grouped all of the breeds that it registers into seven categories, or groups, roughly based on function and heritage.

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Right breed for you? French Bulldog information including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard.

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Is the Bull Terrier the right breed for you? Learn more about the Bull Terrier including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard.

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Poodle (Miniature) - Dog Breed Information - American Kennel Club

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Right breed for you? Poodle (Miniature) information including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard.

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Portuguese Water Dog Dog Breed Information

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Right breed for you? Portuguese Water Dog information including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard.

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Temperament: Affectionate, Loyal, Playful

AKC Breed Popularity: Ranks 58 of 196

Height: 25 inches (male), 23 inches (female)

Weight: 85 pounds (male), 75 pounds (female)

Life Expectancy: 10-14 years

Group: Working Group

The AKC has grouped all of the breeds that it registers into seven categories, or groups, roughly based on function and heritage. Breeds are grouped together because they share traits of form and function or a common heritage.

Find a Puppy: Alaskan Malamute

AKC Marketplace | PuppyFinder

AKC Marketplace is the only site to exclusively list 100% AKC puppies from AKC-Registered litters and the breeders who have cared for and raised these puppies are required to follow rules and regulations established by the AKC.

GENERAL APPEARANCE

The Alaskan Malamute, one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs, is a powerful and substantially built dog with a deep chest and strong, well-muscled body. The Malamute stands well over the pads, and this stance gives the appearance of much activity and a proud carriage, with head erect and eyes alert showing interest and curiosity. The head is broad. Ears are triangular and erect when alerted. The muzzle is bulky, only slight diminishing in width from root to nose. The muzzle is not pointed or long, yet not stubby. The coat is thick with a coarse guard coat of sufficient length to protect a woolly undercoat. Malamutes are of various colors. Face markings are a distinguishing feature. These consist of a cap over the head, the face either all white or marked with a bar and/or mask. The tail is well furred, carried over the back, and has the appearance of a waving plume.

HEAD

The head is broad and deep, not coarse or clumsy, but in proportion to the size of the dog. The expression is soft and indicates an affectionate disposition. The eyes are obliquely placed in the skull. Eyes are brown, almond shaped and of medium size. Dark eyes are preferred. Blue eyes are a disqualifying fault. The ears are of medium size, but small in proportion to the head. The ears are triangular in shape and slightly rounded at the tips. They are set wide apart on the outside back edges of the skull on line with the upper corner of the eye, giving ears the appearance, when erect, of standing off from the skull. Erect ears point slightly forward, but when the dog is at work, the ears are sometimes folded against the skull. High set ears are a fault.

BODY

The neck is strong and moderately arched. The chest is well developed. The body is compactly built but not short coupled. The back is straight and gently sloping to the hips. The loins are hard and well muscled. A long loin that may weaken the back is a fault. The tail is moderately set and follows the line of the spine at the base. The tail is carried over the back when not working. It is not a snap tail or curled tight against the back, nor is it short furred like a fox brush. The Malamute tail is well furred and has the appearance of a waving plume.

FOREQUARTERS

The shoulders are moderately sloping; forelegs heavily boned and muscled, straight to the pasterns when viewed from the front. Pasterns are short and strong and slightly sloping when viewed from the side. The feet are of the snowshoe type, tight and deep, with well-cushioned pads, giving a firm, compact appearance. The feet are large, toes tight fitting and well arched. There is a protective growth of hair between the toes. The pads are thick and tough; toenails short and strong.

COAT

The Malamute has a thick, coarse guard coat, never long and soft. The undercoat is dense, from one to two inches in depth, oily and woolly. The coarse guard coat varies in length as does the undercoat. The coat is relatively short to medium along the sides of the body, with the length of the coat increasing around the shoulders and neck, down the back, over the rump, and in the breeching and plume. Malamutes usually have a shorter and less dense coat during the summer months. The Malamute is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet.

HINDQUARTERS

The rear legs are broad and heavily muscled through the thighs; stifles moderately bent; hock joints are moderately bent and well let down. When viewed from the rear, the legs stand and move true in line with the movement of the front legs, not too close or too wide. Dewclaws on the rear legs are undesirable and should be removed shortly after puppies are whelped.

About the Alaskan Malamute

The Alaskan Malamute stands 23 to 25 inches at the shoulder and weighs 75 to 85 pounds. Everything about Mals suggests their origin as an arctic sled dog: The heavy bone, deep chest, powerful shoulders, and dense, weatherproof coat all scream, "I work hard for a living!" But their almond-shaped brown eyes have an affectionate sparkle, suggesting Mals enjoy snuggling with their humans when the workday is done. Mals are pack animals. And in your family "pack," the leader must be you. If a Mal doesn't respect you, he will wind up owning you instead of the other way around. Firm but loving training should begin in early puppyhood. That said, a well-behaved Mal is a joy to be with-playful, gentle, friendly, and great with kids.

National Breed Clubs and Rescue

Want to connect with other people who love the same breed as much as you do? We have plenty of opportunities to get involved in your local community, thanks to AKC Breed Clubs located in every state, and more than 450 AKC Rescue Network groups across the country. The Alaskan Malamute Club of America, Inc. is the official AKC Parent Club for the Alaskan Malamute. For interest in rescuing a Malamute, contact the Alaskan Malamute Assistance League.

Find a Puppy: Alaskan Malamute

AKC Marketplace | PuppyFinder

AKC Marketplace is the only site to exclusively list 100% AKC puppies from AKC-Registered litters and the breeders who have cared for and raised these puppies are required to follow rules and regulations established by the AKC.

Care

The Alaskan Malamute should do well on a high-quality dog food , whether commercially manufactured or home-prepared with your veterinarian's supervision and approval. Any diet should be appropriate to the dog's age (puppy, adult, or senior). Some dogs are prone to getting overweight , so watch your dog's calorie consumption and weight level. Treats can be an important aid in training, but giving too many can cause obesity. Learn about which human foods are safe for dogs, and which are not. Check with your vet if you have any concerns about your dog's weight or diet. Clean, fresh water should be available at all times.

The thick, waterproof double coat of the Alaskan Malamute is beautifully adapted to harsh Arctic life, but it requires constant upkeep. A Malamute should be brushed every day with a pin brush and metal comb, all the while checking for mats, which can harbor fungus, and hot spots, which can become infected. Twice a year, during shedding season, an undercoat rake should be added to the regimen. Show Malamutes are often bathed weekly, but a pet Malamute can go six to eight weeks between baths. Conditioner can be used, in moderation, if the coat feels dry. As with all breeds, the Malamute's nails should be trimmed regularly.

While the Malamute was not bred for racing, he was bred to work. A strong, athletic dog with tremendous endurance, designed to carry heavy loads, a Mal requires daily exercise. Romping in a well-fenced yard or other enclosed space will suffice, but Malamutes also enjoy hiking, running, and swimming with their owners. And should the owner have sufficient time and interest, Malamutes often take part in agility and obedience trials, weight-pulling competitions, backpacking (yes, you can buy a backpack for your dog), recreational or competitive sledding, and skijoring (pulling a person who is on skis).

Socialization and obedience training are necessary in order to prevent a Malamute from becoming pushy with children and other pets, or dominant over adults he or she doesn't respect. Malamutes are highly intelligent but also independent and willful, often to the point of stubbornness. While fairness and patience can yield a devoted, trustworthy companion, there are certain behaviors that may be impossible to train out of a Mal, such as digging, so any yard fencing must continue into the ground. And Malamutes are not especially suited to be guard dogs because they tend to be friendly with everyone they meet.

A responsible breeder will screen breeding stock for health conditions such as hip dysplasia (a malformation of the hip joint that is the most common skeletal condition in dogs), elbow dysplasia, thrombopathia, chondrodysplasia ("dwarfism"), hypothyroidism, inherited polyneuropathy, von Willebrand's disease, and day blindness. As with all breeds, an Alaskan Malamute's ears should be checked regularly to remove foreign matter and avoid a buildup of wax, and his teeth should be brushed regularly.
Recommended Health Tests from the National Breed Club:

Hip Evaluation

Ophthalmologist Evaluation

Polyneuropathy DNA Test

Read the Official Breed Club Health Statement.

History

The Alaskan Malamute is among the oldest of the sled dog breeds of the Arctic. They are believed to be a descendant of the domesticated wolf-dogs who accompanied the Paleolithic hunters that crossed the land bridges of the Bering Strait and migrated into North America roughly 4,000 years ago.

The breed's name is derived from the Mahlemiut, a nomadic Inuit tribe that resided in Kotzebue Sound in northwestern Alaska. The dog the Mahlemiut people developed was primarily a sledge dog, created to work in packs to haul heavy loads at low speeds over long distances. However, they were also used for carrying packs in the summer, locating seal breathing holes in the ice, and distracting bears on hunts. Other Arctic dog breeds, like the Siberian Husky, pull lighter loads on sleds at faster speeds. Huskies are racers; Malamutes are freighters.

The Inuit culture spans from the coasts of Alaska to the coasts of Greenland. Because of this distance, different strains developed in the Malamute breed. The AKC recognized the original Kotzebue strain in 1935. After WWII, the breed's numbers plummeted until there were very few dogs registered. In response, during the late 1940s and '50s, the AKC opened the studbook to include the M'Loot and Hinman strains as well. Today, the Malamute's gene pool is made up of all three of these strains, with Ch. Toro of Bras Coupe being the first dog to unite them.

GENERAL APPEARANCE

The Alaskan Malamute, one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs, is a powerful and substantially built dog with a deep chest and strong, well-muscled body. The Malamute stands well over the pads, and this stance gives the appearance of much activity and a proud carriage, with head erect and eyes alert showing interest and curiosity. The head is broad. Ears are triangular and erect when alerted. The muzzle is bulky, only slight diminishing in width from root to nose. The muzzle is not pointed or long, yet not stubby. The coat is thick with a coarse guard coat of sufficient length to protect a woolly undercoat. Malamutes are of various colors. Face markings are a distinguishing feature. These consist of a cap over the head, the face either all white or marked with a bar and/or mask. The tail is well furred, carried over the back, and has the appearance of a waving plume.

HEAD

The head is broad and deep, not coarse or clumsy, but in proportion to the size of the dog. The expression is soft and indicates an affectionate disposition. The eyes are obliquely placed in the skull. Eyes are brown, almond shaped and of medium size. Dark eyes are preferred. Blue eyes are a disqualifying fault. The ears are of medium size, but small in proportion to the head. The ears are triangular in shape and slightly rounded at the tips. They are set wide apart on the outside back edges of the skull on line with the upper corner of the eye, giving ears the appearance, when erect, of standing off from the skull. Erect ears point slightly forward, but when the dog is at work, the ears are sometimes folded against the skull. High set ears are a fault.

BODY

The neck is strong and moderately arched. The chest is well developed. The body is compactly built but not short coupled. The back is straight and gently sloping to the hips. The loins are hard and well muscled. A long loin that may weaken the back is a fault. The tail is moderately set and follows the line of the spine at the base. The tail is carried over the back when not working. It is not a snap tail or curled tight against the back, nor is it short furred like a fox brush. The Malamute tail is well furred and has the appearance of a waving plume.

FOREQUARTERS

The shoulders are moderately sloping; forelegs heavily boned and muscled, straight to the pasterns when viewed from the front. Pasterns are short and strong and slightly sloping when viewed from the side. The feet are of the snowshoe type, tight and deep, with well-cushioned pads, giving a firm, compact appearance. The feet are large, toes tight fitting and well arched. There is a protective growth of hair between the toes. The pads are thick and tough; toenails short and strong.

COAT

The Malamute has a thick, coarse guard coat, never long and soft. The undercoat is dense, from one to two inches in depth, oily and woolly. The coarse guard coat varies in length as does the undercoat. The coat is relatively short to medium along the sides of the body, with the length of the coat increasing around the shoulders and neck, down the back, over the rump, and in the breeching and plume. Malamutes usually have a shorter and less dense coat during the summer months. The Malamute is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet.

HINDQUARTERS

The rear legs are broad and heavily muscled through the thighs; stifles moderately bent; hock joints are moderately bent and well let down. When viewed from the rear, the legs stand and move true in line with the movement of the front legs, not too close or too wide. Dewclaws on the rear legs are undesirable and should be removed shortly after puppies are whelped.

Colors & Markings

Colors

Markings

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Temperament: Affectionate, Loyal, Playful AKC Breed Popularity: Ranks 58 of 196 Height: 25 inches (male), 23 inches (female) Weight: 85 pounds (male), 75 pounds (female) Life Expectancy: 10-14 years Group: Working Group The AKC has grouped all of the breeds that it registers into seven categories, or groups, roughly based on function and heritage.

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Pembroke Welsh Corgi Dog Breed Information

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A hunter's companion bred to find, flush, and fetch game, the spaniel's exact origin is unknown.

Some scholars speculate the type originated in Spain, hence the name. Other research suggests that they originated in Asia and migrated west, to Europe and beyond. Spaniels go back to at least the 14th century, but their ancestry may be even older.

Today, the AKC recognizes the following 15 spaniel-type breeds:

The American Water Spaniel, native to the lake country of the upper Midwest, is an upbeat, outdoorsy athlete who loves to hunt and swim. They are known to be happy, eager, and charming, though aloof with strangers and a bit stubborn.

A medium-sized flushing and retrieving dog known for its rich brown coat, the Boykin Spaniel is avid, eager, merry, and trainable. This mellow housedog and tenacious bird dog was once South Carolina's best-kept secret.

Sportsmen on both sides of the Atlantic cherish the agile, energetic Brittany as a stylish and versatile gundog. Bright and eager at home, and tireless afield, Brittanys require a lot of exercises, preferably with their favorite humans.

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel wears his connection to British history in his breed's name. Cavaliers are the best of two worlds, combining the gentle attentiveness of a toy breed with the verve and athleticism of a sporting spaniel.

A dignified and mellow hunting companion of kings, the Clumber Spaniel is the largest of the AKC flushing spaniels. For those who can handle some shedding and drooling, the amiable Clumber is an amusing best friend and a gentlemanly housemate.

The merry and frolicsome Cocker Spaniel, with his big, dreamy eyes and impish personality, is one of the world's best-loved breeds. They were developed as hunting dogs, but Cockers gained their wide popularity as all-around companions.

English Cocker Spaniel lovers often use the word "merry" to describe their breed. Upbeat in the field and mellow at home, this compact, silky-coated bird dog is widely admired for his delightful personality and irresistible good looks.

The English Springer Spaniel is a sweet-faced, lovable bird dog of great energy, stamina, and brains. Sport hunters cherish the duality of working Springers: handsome, mannerly pets during the week, and trusty hunting buddies on weekends.

The merry English Toy Spaniel was bred to be the companion of kings. But ETS are spaniels first and pampered lapdogs second, and beneath the patrician exterior beats the heart of a real doggy dog-bright, loving, and willing to please.

The sweet and sensitive Field Spaniel is famously docile, but vigorous and game for anything when at play or in the field. These close cousins to Cocker Spaniels and Springer Spaniels may be small in number, but their charm is enormous.

The tallest of the AKC's spaniels, the Irish Water Spaniel is instantly recognizable by its crisply curled coat and tapering "rat tail." Among the champion swimmers of dogdom, the alert and inquisitive IWS is hardworking and brave in the field, and playfully affectionate at home.

The Nederlandse Kooikerhondje is lively, agile, self-confident, good-natured and alert. The breed is faithful, easy-going and friendly in the home. Outdoors he is a true sporting dog being keen, swift, tough, attentive and energetic. With sufficient perseverance and stamina, he enjoys working and does so with a cheerful character.

The quick, curious Papillon is a toy dog of singular beauty and upbeat athleticism. Despite his refined appearance, the Pap is truly a "doggy dog" blessed with a hardy constitution. Papillon fanciers describe their breed as happy, alert, and friendly.

"Placid, affectionate, even-tempered, true-blue, loyal" - all are words used to describe the Sussex Spaniel, a slow-but-steady hunter, and congenial housedog. His frowning expression is delightfully at odds with a typically cheerful nature.

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a vigorous, medium-sized bird dog of happy disposition, known for versatility in the field, companionability at home, and dashing good looks anywhere. The Welshie is among Britain's oldest sporting breeds.

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Types of Spaniels: How Many Spaniel Dogs Are There?

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A hunter's companion bred to find, flush, and fetch game, the spaniel's exact origin is unknown. Some scholars speculate the type originated in Spain, hence the name. Other research suggests that they originated in Asia and migrated west, to Europe and beyond. Spaniels go back to at least the 14th century, but their ancestry may be even older.

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Labrador Retriever Dog Breed Information

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Temperament: Alert, Active, Attentive

AKC Breed Popularity: Ranks 44 of 197

Height: 14.5-16.5 inches (male), 13.5-15.5 inches (female)

Weight: 23 pounds (male), 17 pounds (female)

Life Expectancy: 13-16 years

Group: Non-Sporting Group

The AKC has grouped all of the breeds that it registers into seven categories, or groups, roughly based on function and heritage. Breeds are grouped together because they share traits of form and function or a common heritage.

Find a Puppy: Shiba Inu

AKC Marketplace | PuppyFinder

AKC Marketplace is the only site to exclusively list 100% AKC puppies from AKC-Registered litters and the breeders who have cared for and raised these puppies are required to follow rules and regulations established by the AKC.

GENERAL APPEARANCE

The Shiba is the smallest of the Japanese native breeds of dog and was originally developed for hunting by sight and scent in the dense undergrowth of Japan's mountainous areas. Alert and agile with keen senses, he is also an excellent watchdog and companion. His frame is compact with well-developed muscles. Males and females are distinctly different in appearance: males are masculine without coarseness, females are feminine without weakness of structure.

HEAD

Expression is good natured with a strong and confident gaze. Eyes are somewhat triangular in shape, deep set, and upward slanting toward the outside base of the ear. Iris is dark brown. Eye rims are black. Ears are triangular in shape, firmly pricked and small, but in proportion to head and body size. Ears are set well apart and tilt directly forward with the slant of the back of the ear following the arch of the neck.

BODY

Neck is thick, sturdy, and of moderate length. Topline is straight and level to the base of the tail. Body is dry and well muscled without the appearance of sluggishness or coarseness. Forechest is well developed. Chest depth measured from the withers to the lowest point of the sternum is one-half or slightly less than the total height from withers to ground. Ribs are moderately sprung. Abdomen is firm and well tucked-up. Back is firm. Loins are strong.

FOREQUARTERS

Shoulder blade and upper arm are moderately angulated and approximately equal in length. Elbows are set close to the body and turn neither in nor out. Forelegs and feet are moderately spaced, straight, and parallel. Pasterns are slightly inclined. Removal of front dewclaws is optional. Feet are catlike with well-arched toes fitting tightly together. Pads are thick.

COAT

Double coated with the outer coat being stiff and straight and the undercoat soft and thick. Fur is short and even on face, ears, and legs. Guard hairs stand off the body are about 1½ to 2 inches in length at the withers. Tail hair is slightly longer and stands open in a brush. It is preferred that the Shiba be presented in a natural state.

HINDQUARTERS

The angulation of the hindquarters is moderate and in balance with the angulation of the forequarters. Hind legs are strong with a wide natural stance. The hock joint is strong, turning neither in nor out. Upper thighs are long and the second thighs short but well developed. No dewclaws. Feet as in forequarters.

About the Shiba Inu

Brought to America from Japan as recently as 60 years ago, Shibas are growing in popularity in the West and are already the most popular breed in their homeland. Their white markings combined with their coloring (red, red sesame, or black and tan) and their alert expression and smooth stride makes them almost foxlike. They're sturdy, muscular dogs with a bold, confident personality to match.

National Breed Clubs and Rescue

Want to connect with other people who love the same breed as much as you do? We have plenty of opportunities to get involved in your local community thanks to AKC Breed Clubs located in every state and more than 450 AKC Rescue Network groups across the country. Founded in 1992, the National Shiba Club of America is the official AKC Parent Club for the Shiba Inu.

Find a Puppy: Shiba Inu

AKC Marketplace | PuppyFinder

AKC Marketplace is the only site to exclusively list 100% AKC puppies from AKC-Registered litters and the breeders who have cared for and raised these puppies are required to follow rules and regulations established by the AKC.

Care

The Shiba Inu should do well on a high-quality dog food, whether commercially manufactured or home-prepared with your veterinarian's supervision and approval. Any diet should be appropriate to the dog's age (puppy, adult, or senior).Some Shibas are picky, and others will eat anything in sight. Some dogs are prone to getting overweight, so watch your dog's calorie consumption and weight level; you should be able to feel the dog's ribs and backbone, but not see them.. Treats can be an important aid in training, but giving too many can cause obesity. Learn about which human foods are safe for dogs, and which are not. Check with your vet if you have any concerns about your dog's weight or diet. Clean, fresh water should be available at all times.

Shibas shed - a lot. It has been said that they shed twice a year, but some owners quip that it lasts for six months at a time. Unless a Shiba is a "long coat," the coat does not mat, so infrequent brushing doesn't hurt the dog, but brushing or combing during periods of heavy shedding will reduce the amount of hair around the house. Blowing the dog with a strong blow-dryer or a shop vacuum in reverse is a good way to remove loose hair, dirt, and dandruff and to check for fleas. Most dogs learn to like the blower, as it feels good and doesn't scrape the skin or pull the coat. Don't let it get too hot, though. Shibas often object to nail trimming. Start a puppy early, but if it becomes a major struggle, let a professional do it.

Most Shibas are fairly energetic and love to go for walks. They are not so hyper that they will climb the walls if they don't get daily exercise, but a Shiba owner should be dedicated to exercising the dog, especially if the dog doesn't have an adequate yard in which to exercise himself. In general, Shibas are not massively destructive if left alone once they reach maturity, but some can suffer separation anxiety and should be able to spend periods of time crated even when the owners are home and at night. Crating guarantees a home will remain intact.

The one thing every Shiba owner must know is that a Shiba can never, ever be considered reliable off lead unless in a confined area. No amount of obedience training will ever change that. Letting a Shiba off lead-or any dog, for that matter-is playing Russian roulette with its life. An open door, an unlocked gate, a moment of inattentiveness, and the Shiba may be gone forever. On the positive side, a Shiba is practically born housebroken. By 4 weeks of age the puppy is trying to get as far away from his sleeping area as possible to eliminate. By 5 weeks the puppy will hold it all night and wait until taken outside to go. Controlling the bladder takes a little longer and depends a lot on immediate access to outdoors and diligence of the owner.

The most common health condition in Shibas and in most breeds, as well as humans, is allergies. In dogs, allergies manifest themselves as skin irritation and itching. There is no way of testing breeding stock, but dogs with active allergies should not be bred. Unless the source of the allergen can be identified, most dogs with allergies can lead normal lives with products that treat the symptoms-again, just like humans. Allergies usually don't manifest themselves until a dog is at least 6 months old. Responsible breeders screen their stock for health conditions such as hip dysplasia, eye disorders, and patella luxation.
Recommended Health Tests from the National Breed Club:

Hip Evaluation

Patella Evaluation

Ophthalmologist Evaluation

Read the Official Breed Club Health Statement.

History

The first documented Shiba to enter the United States was imported by a military family in 1954. But the Shiba is an ancient breed, having been around since 300 b.c. The breed is named after its history as a hunter in the rugged mountains of Japan; "Shiba" means "brushwood" (referring either to the brush in the mountains or to the dog's reddish color) in Japanese, and "Inu" means "dog." By the end of World War II Shibas were nearly extinct, but they survived Japan's wartime deprivations and are today the country's number-one companion animal. Their popularity has been growing in the United States for the past 50 years.

GENERAL APPEARANCE

The Shiba is the smallest of the Japanese native breeds of dog and was originally developed for hunting by sight and scent in the dense undergrowth of Japan's mountainous areas. Alert and agile with keen senses, he is also an excellent watchdog and companion. His frame is compact with well-developed muscles. Males and females are distinctly different in appearance: males are masculine without coarseness, females are feminine without weakness of structure.

HEAD

Expression is good natured with a strong and confident gaze. Eyes are somewhat triangular in shape, deep set, and upward slanting toward the outside base of the ear. Iris is dark brown. Eye rims are black. Ears are triangular in shape, firmly pricked and small, but in proportion to head and body size. Ears are set well apart and tilt directly forward with the slant of the back of the ear following the arch of the neck.

BODY

Neck is thick, sturdy, and of moderate length. Topline is straight and level to the base of the tail. Body is dry and well muscled without the appearance of sluggishness or coarseness. Forechest is well developed. Chest depth measured from the withers to the lowest point of the sternum is one-half or slightly less than the total height from withers to ground. Ribs are moderately sprung. Abdomen is firm and well tucked-up. Back is firm. Loins are strong.

FOREQUARTERS

Shoulder blade and upper arm are moderately angulated and approximately equal in length. Elbows are set close to the body and turn neither in nor out. Forelegs and feet are moderately spaced, straight, and parallel. Pasterns are slightly inclined. Removal of front dewclaws is optional. Feet are catlike with well-arched toes fitting tightly together. Pads are thick.

COAT

Double coated with the outer coat being stiff and straight and the undercoat soft and thick. Fur is short and even on face, ears, and legs. Guard hairs stand off the body are about 1½ to 2 inches in length at the withers. Tail hair is slightly longer and stands open in a brush. It is preferred that the Shiba be presented in a natural state.

HINDQUARTERS

The angulation of the hindquarters is moderate and in balance with the angulation of the forequarters. Hind legs are strong with a wide natural stance. The hock joint is strong, turning neither in nor out. Upper thighs are long and the second thighs short but well developed. No dewclaws. Feet as in forequarters.

Colors & Markings

Colors

Markings

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Temperament: Alert, Active, Attentive AKC Breed Popularity: Ranks 44 of 197 Height: 14.5-16.5 inches (male), 13.5-15.5 inches (female) Weight: 23 pounds (male), 17 pounds (female) Life Expectancy: 13-16 years Group: Non-Sporting Group The AKC has grouped all of the breeds that it registers into seven categories, or groups, roughly based on function and heritage.

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German Shepherd Dog Dog Breed Information

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Is the German Shepherd Dog the right breed for you? Learn more about the German Shepherd Dog including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard.