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I was invited to a meeting with my department manager about being productive and what kind of improvements the department should make to ensure better deals and project proposals. He is smart so he provoked a series of quizzes about the department cost and one of them was about the super efficiency of the steel structure team:
- Hey people, did you all know that the steel structure team produce 1 document in 12 hours of work?
I've got really mad and replied to him:
- Yes, that's great but they work with modular systems... as soon as they gather the information they need, they hit the ground running and finish the job. It's very different with (from) the architectural side...
- Great answer Milca, you've hit the point I wanted. Did you notice that the architectural department takes about 40 hours to produce 1 document?
- Of course, I know... But an architectural designer deals with a lot of things, we put ourselves in the client's shoes and all other disciplines that are involved. Unfortunately, it is not only modular stuff.
- Yes but we need to think about how the team can improve this process. **You must reach the exactly client's person who calls the shots on the specific building design. **
- Ok, but I'll need your guidance to create a better design process here in the office. I'll sleep on this matter and talk to you next week.
- Great, have a nice day.
- You too.

** The sentence has a minor grammatical error. The correct version should be:

"You must reach the exact client's person who calls the shots on the specific building design."

Other possibilities:

- You must directly contact the person at the client's end who calls the shots on the specific building design.
- I must directly contact the facilities manager who calls the shots on this HVAC design to decide witch system the company wants.
- She must directly contact the job leader who calls the shots on approving this document on the web platform.
- The client must directly contact the principal manager who calls the shots on the site construction to validate the structure system he approved.
- The designer must directly contact the senior architect who call the shots on the material specification.
-The firefighter consultant must directly contact the process and security team who call the shots on the escape route of all buildings on the site.

or

- You must directly reach out to the key person within the client's organization who makes decisions regarding the specific building design.
- The manager must directly reach out the client's engineer who makes decisions regarding to the construction site access.
- She must directly reach out the facilities leader who makes decisions regarding the kitchen equipment.
- I must directly reach out the concrete project leader who makes decisions regarding the dimensioning of pre fab structure.
- The client must directly reach out there mechanical team who makes decisions regarding the trucks they are going to use on the site .
- The construction supervisor must directly reach out the principal manager who makes decisions regarding the security system they will approach on the central warehouse.

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- To call the shots
To resolve this problem we have to talk with the manager who calls the shots.
- To put yourself in someone's shoes
When I develop a layout, I always put myself in the client's shoes.
- To hit ground running
As soon as you finish the design building we must hit the ground running for the client approval.
- To sleep on it
About that structural system you showed me as an option, I will sleep on it and talk to you by Monday to tell you if is the right thing to do.

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Activity 3 - After watching the video, answer these questions.

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Activity 3 - After watching the video, answer these questions.

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How would you categorize the installation steps of drywall into logical groups? What factors did you consider when categorizing them?

What is the significance of following a specific sequence when installing drywall? How does it contribute to a successful installation?

Based on your understanding, what are some potential challenges that can arise during drywall installation? How would you address or overcome those challenges?

Why is it important to create an installation checklist for drywall? What information should be included in the checklist?

Have you ever been involved in a drywall installation project? If so, what did you learn from that experience? If not, how do you think this knowledge about organizing installation steps will benefit you in the future?

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What is the purpose of drywall in construction projects? Why is it commonly used for walls and ceilings?

Why is it important to organize the installation steps of drywall? What challenges might arise if the steps are not properly organized?

Can you identify and explain some common steps involved in the installation of drywall?

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Fasten - to secure or fix something firmly in place

Joints - the points where two or more things are joined together

Farming - a typographical error (most likely meant to be "framing," referring to the supporting structure)

Screws - cylindrical fasteners with a threaded shaft and a head, used for holding things together

Inches - a unit of measurement equal to 1/12 of a foot (2.54 centimeters)

Edge - the outside limit of an object, surface, or area

Tight - fitting closely or firmly

Accurately - precisely or without mistakes

Electrical outlet - a device for connecting an electrical plug to a power supply

Rest - to be supported or held in a particular position

Outline - a line or shape that shows the outer edge of something

Keyhole saw - a type of saw with a narrow blade used for making small, curved cuts

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Activity 2 - Fill in the gaps with the highlighted words below. Then watch the video and check your answers.

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Activity 2 - Fill in the gaps with the highlighted words below. Then watch the video and check your answers.

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cut| knife | Fasten |  cracks | apply| tigh | outline| half-inch | horizontally|  whether |  movement |  installation | electrical |  steps

When your room is ready for drywall follow these simple steps for easy installation.

The first step to a successful drywall installation is to plan the job on paper first measure your wall and ceiling surfaces and mark them down. Then determine whether you're going to install your panels horizontally or vertically.

Keep in mind your goal is to have at least the number of joints possible, usually installing the panels horizontally is the best way to accomplish this.

Let's look at how to properly cut drywall to make a nice clean edge. Place the panel with the light-colored side up. Measure and mark where you need to cut. Using a T-square and a sharp utility knife score along the mark just deep enough to cut through the face paper and part of the core. To break the core, grasp the panel edges and snap the board with a quick firm movement away from yourself.

Complete the cutting through the panel by running the utility knife through the back paper.

When attaching drywall whenever possible attach the ceiling panels first. Fasten the panels to all ceiling joints and perimeter farming using drywall screws, spacing them every 12 inches.

The screw head should be driven slightly below the face of the panel, but not deep enough to break the paper. Once the ceiling is completed, fasten the wall's top panels first.

Make sure their top edge is up tight against the ceiling panel. Set the screws 16 inches apart. When installing the top panels avoid having joints above or below the corners of windows doors or other openings. By doing so you'll reduce the chance of cracks forming in your finished walls. Once the wall's top panels are installed, install the bottom panels.

Make sure you cut out the bottom panels accurately to leave a half-inch gap between the panel and the floor.

To create a cutout for things like an electrical outlet, measure across from the point where the edge of the panel will rest to the near and far sides of the electrical box. Then measure from the point where the top or the bottom edge of the panel will fall to the top and bottom of the box.

Now trace an outline of the electrical box at the appropriate position on the panel. Then cut with a keyhole saw.

Now you know the basics to installing drywall panels.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S39Rd8pGcDk

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p68A5nnWYGs

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ENGLISH for Work 2 | Construction, Builder, labor, drywall, mason | EASY words and phrases

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Read the examples below. Then create your own sentences.

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Read the examples below. Then create your own sentences.

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The secret to preparing a winning CV is to put yourself in the recruiter's shoes.

To be a good negotiator, you must put yourself in your counterpart's shoes.

When you put yourself in an architect's shoes, you understand the pressure they face when managing multiple projects simultaneously.

By putting yourself in the shoes of architects, you can understand the delicate balance they strive for between meeting the design objectives and satisfying the unique requirements of their clients.

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Lesson 9

Idioms

To reach the ground running

Talk about

- Drywall
- Steel deck
- Idioms
- Steel frame

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Lesson 8

Use of zero to third conditional.

The difference between "By" vs "Until".

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Activity 1 B- Choose the correct word to use in these example sentences.

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Activity 1 B- Choose the correct word to use in these example sentences.

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1 - He has to find a new job by/until March.

2 - I'm not going to go to bed until I finish this movie.

3 - They need to write their reports by tomorrow.

4 - We can't leave the house until your mother calls.

5 - I'm not going to be there until / by 8 pm.

6 - If my date doesn't arrive until /by 7 pm, I'm leaving!

7 - We have to leave the beach by 10 am.

8 - We have to stay at the beach  until 10 am.

9 - I'm not going to travel abroad until I learn English.

10 - We told him to wake up by 6 am.

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The difference simple past and present perfect

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The difference simple past and present perfect

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Simple past
- we use simple past when something had already finished. for example "we lost our tickets last night"
keywords: last night, last month, yesterday, last year, etc
- On Tuesday morning the client called me.
- I talked to the construction manager yesterday.
- My leader asked me to join her in a meeting.

Present perfect
- we use present perfect when something isn't finished yet. there is a connection with the present moment, for example "we have lost our tickets lately".
keywords: lately, yet, usually, already, just, since, for, recently.
- This week the client has called many times.
- I have talked to the construction manager every day.
- My leader has asked me to join her in a lot of meetings lately.

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Activity 3 - Read the dialogue. Identify the grammar points seen in this lesson.

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Activity 3 - Read the dialogue. Identify the grammar points seen in this lesson.

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Architect: Good morning, Mr. Manager. I wanted to discuss the design progress with you and share some concerns I've been facing.

Manager: Good morning. Of course, let's talk about it. What seems to be the issue?

Architect: Well, I've been encountering some challenges in finalizing the design for the new office building. I've identified a few potential problems that might arise during construction.

Manager: I appreciate your proactive approach. Please go ahead and explain the issues you've discovered.

Architect: Firstly, I've noticed that if we don't reinforce the foundation, there could be structural instability in the long run. I recommend bringing in a structural engineer to evaluate the foundation design before proceeding further.

Manager: That's a valid concern. I'll arrange for a structural engineer to assess the foundation. What else have you discovered?

Architect: Another concern I've identified is the lack of natural light in the central atrium area. By considering various design scenarios, I'm afraid that without proper adjustments, it could lead to a gloomy and uninviting space. I suggest incorporating larger windows or skylights to allow ample sunlight to penetrate the atrium.

Manager: I see the importance of a well-lit and inviting central space. Let's revise the design accordingly and ensure the necessary adjustments are made to maximize natural light.

Architect: Thank you, sir. Lastly, I've observed that the ventilation system may not be sufficient to maintain a comfortable indoor environment, especially during extreme weather conditions. By simulating different environmental scenarios, it's evident that the current design may not meet the necessary requirements for temperature regulation. I recommend upgrading the HVAC system and increasing the number of air vents to ensure optimal air circulation.

Manager: I understand the significance of a proper ventilation system for the occupants' comfort. Let's consult with the mechanical engineering team to address these concerns and make the necessary upgrades.

Architect: Thank you, Mr. Manager. By addressing these issues promptly, we can enhance the overall functionality and user experience of the building. I'm confident that with these modifications, we'll be able to achieve a design that meets our high standards.

Manager: I appreciate your diligence and attention to detail. It's crucial to identify and rectify these potential problems early on. Let's work together to implement the necessary changes and ensure a successful project outcome.

Architect: Absolutely, Mr. Manager. I'm committed to delivering a top-notch design that surpasses expectations. I'll collaborate closely with the engineering teams and update you on the progress regularly.

Manager: That sounds great. I have faith in your abilities, and I trust that we'll overcome these challenges efficiently. Keep up the good work, and let's stay in touch to address any further concerns that may arise.

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Read the sentences below. Then come up with 3 examples for each tense.

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Read the sentences below. Then come up with 3 examples for each tense.

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1 - Zero Conditional (Present/Present):

When architects follow building codes, they ensure structural integrity.

- When the senior architect verify the design documents, the quality gets higher.
-
-
-
-

2  - First Conditional (Present/Future):

If you pursue a degree in architecture, you will gain a solid foundation in design principles.

- If I come up with a good design presentation the client will approve the layout.
-
-
-
-

3 - Second Conditional (Present/Modal):

If architects didn't study mathematics, they wouldn't be able to accurately calculate structural loads.

- If I didn't hear the news, I wouldn't show up in this meeting.
-
-
-
-

4 - Third Conditional (Past Perfect/Conditional perfect):

When the project hadn't met the budget requirements, the architect would have needed to revise the plans.

- If we hadn't discussed this layout before, I wouldn't have been interested in finishing it.
-
-
-
-

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Activity 2 - Based on the previous activity, come up with 10 example sentences, (5 using "BY" and 5 using 'UNTIL".

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Activity 2 - Based on the previous activity, come up with 10 example sentences, (5 using "BY" and 5 using 'UNTIL".

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1-  I hope the engineer will come up with a solution by Friday.

2- the client will need the layout by Monday morning.

3 - Can you finish the control room design by Thursday after lunch?

4 - We will schedule a meeting with the suppliers by Friday.

4a - We will repeat this meeting by Thursday to show you the solutions.

5 - I will keep designing the warehouse until next month.

6 - This project will last until next year.

7 - the kitchen specialist will study the restaurant until Monday.

8 - Until September we will work together on this detail design.

9 - Until the client says something, let’s keep the layout design like this.

10 - Please, could you put the meeting on hold until i come back from my vacations?

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Activity 1 A  - Fill in the gaps. Choose between "until" or 'by".

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Activity 1 A  - Fill in the gaps. Choose between "until" or 'by".

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1 - They will wait for me until 5 P.M.

2 - You need to finish this report by Friday.

3 - Will you have the contracts by Thursday?

4 - I will be on vacation until June 25th.

5 - I will be at work by/until 10:00.

6 - The architect works until late in the evening to meet project deadlines.

7 -  By noon, she finalizes the design concept for the new building.

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Lesson 7

Until x by

Conditionals

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Activity 1 - After reading the text. Answer the questions below.

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Activity 1 - After reading the text. Answer the questions below.

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What is the name of the company?

What is the composition of their new Hemp Paper (1HEMP)?

How does the inclusion of hemp fibers in their Hemp Paper contribute to its unique look and extra strength?

In which categories of products can their Hemp Paper be used for labeling, besides cannabis products?

What are the advantages of using their eco-friendly Hemp Paper for labeling cannabis products and other natural items?

How does our Hemp Paper promote sustainability and the use of renewable materials in various industries?

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Post-consumer waste - resíduo pós-consumo

Edibles - comestíveis

CBD - Canabidiol | CBD is a non-psychoactive compound derived from the Cannabis sativa plant and is known for its potential therapeutic properties.

Household cleaners - Limpadores domésticos.

Slit roll - Rolo de fenda.

Shipping - Envio.

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https://gbp.com/

Lesson 6

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Join the Team

We provide opportunities for employees to grow, develop and flourish throughout the organization. Our employees differentiate Green Bay Packaging from the competition.

Open Positions

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Green Bay Packaging | A Leader in Packaging Solutions

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Discover smarter solutions with Green Bay Packaging. From corrugated boxes to label products, we provide innovative solutions to meet your needs.

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- accessibility and fire department standards
- insurance company requirements
- requirements for sustainatability needs and leed certification
- involving the hvac team for better understanding of the building's ventilation requirements and research all the material specications for the construction system, finishes...

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Activity 2 - Now it's your turn. Look at the example sentences beside. Then create your own phrase using the same structure.

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Activity 2 - Now it's your turn. Look at the example sentences beside. Then create your own phrase using the same structure.

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1-Tomorrow I will be presenting my building design to the clients.

2-Tonight I will have finished the material finishes presentation.

3-By the time I finished my presentation, my leader will have been making a lot of comments on it.

4 -I couldn't send you all the drawings. I will have been sending to you by tomorrow morning.

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Activity 1 - Read the sentences below. Then try to figure out each sentence refers to: 

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Activity 1 - Read the sentences below. Then try to figure out each sentence refers to: 

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1. Describe events that you are certain will occur;

2. Emphasize that something may still occur in the future.

3. Project assumptions;

4. Describe new or temporary events.

I suppose you'll be feeling too exhausted for a night out on Friday. - 3-Project assumptions

They'll be arriving late. Ella just texted to let me know that they are stuck in traffic. 4-Describe new or temporary events

We need to face the fact that despite our efforts to slow global warming, temperatures will still be rising in the future. We need a more sustainable plan. 2-Emphasize that something may still occur in the future

We'll be responding to clients via email this week, but we'll go back to video conferencing as soon as we are ready to use our new platform. 1-Describe events that certain will occur

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Lesson 5

Future Continuous

We use this form to:

- Project assumptions;
- Describe events that you are certain will occur;
- Emphasize that something may still occur in the future.
- Describe new or temporary events.

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That concrete slab on the rooftop is too thin to support the equipment you want.

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That concrete slab on the rooftop is too thin to support the equipment you want.

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The indutrial site has 2 important buildings. One is the wharehouse and the other one is the manage building. Both buildings are precast concrete structure but in the manage building have also a laboratory.
At the end of the construction plan the client called a laboratory specialist to support that specific design.
So the dialog below is between the team design and the specialist:
- Hello specialist, we have designed a laboratory according to the client's necessity and we would like to consult you to give us the approval to continue it.
- Hi there, yes, I have seen the laboratory design and I have a question about a equipment very important that it was missing in the report you send it to me. Where is it?
- Sorry, what equipment? The client haven't mentioned it to us... Have you discussed about this equipment with the client? Do you know who call the shots on this matter?
- Actually, we signed the contract last week, so I have only been able to access the building design from monday on... No sooner I have signed it than I noticed that equioment was missing on the layout. My concern is the location of the exhaust fans, it must be on the roof, at the highest point of the building.
- Oh, ok, the problem is that both steel structure of the roof  and the precast columns are already been assembled on the site and they were dimensioned not considering these equipment, I believe that slab on the roof is too thin to support it.
- Yes, I imagined it. I have been discussing with my engineering team a solution to this matter and typically the best way to resolve this matter is reinforcing the structure with cast in situ. But I have to agree with you. It is important to know who call the shots on it.
- Yes, thank you. The downsides of this solution are that will change dramatically the building facade and is going to affect throughout the entire schedule of the activities on the site.
- Well, we must take this matter at least to the project manager and he will resolve it with the client, ok?
- Ok, thank you for all the information! Bye!
- You are welcome, bye!

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this and these
We use it when something we are talking about is here next to us.

that those
We use when something is not near us.

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Activity 3 - Look at the correlative conjunctions examples. Then come up with 2 examples to each correlative conjuction.

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Activity 3 - Look at the correlative conjunctions examples. Then come up with 2 examples to each correlative conjuction.

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-The structure system both slab and beams are not dimensioned to support the equipment.
-Either the columns or slabs were calculated to support all those equipment.
-I'm sure neither the roof structure nor the slab is going to support all those equipment.
-Whether we reinforce the structure or calculated a new one, it wouldn't interferer in the contract.
-This equipment not only lays on the slab but also needs a concrete base to support it.
-It's such a thin slab that laying a equipment on it would create crashes in the whole structure system of the building.
-Scarcely had we finished the building design when the client wanted that equipment on the rooftop.
-No sooner did the construction manager finished the building than the slab fell down.

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Activity 1 - Look at the examples regarding " this x these; that x those" and come up with 2 example sentences to each word.

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Activity 1 - Look at the examples regarding " this x these; that x those" and come up with 2 example sentences to each word.

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-I have tried to revisit this schedule of activity but it is always out of service.
-Is this the structural system you requested for the building?
-That concrete slab on the rooftop is too thin to support the equipment you want.
-Have you tried to gather that information about the restaurant I have asked you for?
-These are the temporary facilities design for the site.
-We have modeling these industrial buildings for too long, now we must send it to the budget team
-Those are the layout options I presented last week, don't you remember?
- My team have designed those structures, I believe the beam system is ok and it won't fall ;P

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Activity 2  - Watch the video and write the sentence according to each expression or word below.

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Activity 2  - Watch the video and write the sentence according to each expression or word below.

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Throughout ...
... how the electrical power is distributed throughout the building
Uniquely...
these systems are uniquely comprised of a variety...
To meet specific ...
to meet specific electrical demands
how it relates ...
And how it relates to the total  operation of an electrical distribution
At the top ...
At the top of this pole we see three transformers...
Step down ...
These transformers will step downs in 13600v to 4160v...
Through ...
These volts is transfered  through coper wires...

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Activity 4 - Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words below.

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Activity 4 - Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words below.

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Transcript

At the top | these | travels | step down |  through | uniquely | throughout | on | to meet | relates

In this course, we will take you on a virtual tour to see how electrical power is distributed throughout  a building. This is defined as the electrical distribution system. These systems are uniquely comprised of a variety of electrical components to meet specific to electrical demands.
You will learn the function of each of these electrical components and how it relates to the total operation of an electrical distribution system.
In our example, we begin with the utility company supplying 13,800 volts from the road to a utility pole in the parking lot. At the top  of this pole, you see three transformers, these transformers will step down the 13,800 volts to 4,160 volts. This voltage is transferred down the pole through copper wires that are encased in conduit. This conduit travels underground and enters the oil transformer on the high or primary side of its junction box.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fqk0G1yDjeY

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Lesson 4

The electrical distribution system

Grammar

Correlative conjunctions

This/ these
That/ those

Adverbs

Uniquely

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Activity 2 - Use the words and expressions form activity 1 and write down a small presentation related to your area.

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Activity 2 - Use the words and expressions form activity 1 and write down a small presentation related to your area.

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customizable |  downsides| some of the greatest benefits of | typically| as | Quite often early on

Good morning everyone, let's start off with the 3d model and as we can see here the access to the building is completely customizable. Some of the greatest benefits of it is that we can choose if it's going to attend one, five or ten people.
Typically we try to design the access for 5 people but...

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Activity 3 - Write down 3 sentences using the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.

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Activity 3 - Write down 3 sentences using the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.

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Here in this image, we can see the plant I've designed and there's a garden in the middle of the building.
I've been managing my time between 2 design buildings on this industrial site.
I have verified the document you sent me to sign and there are still things to correct on it.

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The main difference between "lot" and "a lot of" lies in their grammatical function.

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The main difference between "lot" and "a lot of" lies in their grammatical function.

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"Lot" in this context is used as a noun. It refers to a large number or quantity of something. "Lots of delays" implies there are many delays.

"A lot of" is a phrase that functions as a determiner followed by a noun phrase. It also expresses a large quantity or number. "A lot of bad weather" suggests a significant amount or a high frequency of bad weather conditions.

In summary, "lot" is used as a noun to describe a large number or quantity, while "a lot of" is a phrase used as a determiner followed by a noun phrase to indicate a significant amount or number.

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Lesson 3

Active listening

Vocabulary

Talking about advantages and disadvantages between precast concrete and in-situ.

(16 hours)

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PID Civil Engineering Presentation Apr 27.pptx

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1 file sent via WeTransfer, the simplest way to send your files around the world

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Activity 1 - Choose the correct expression according to what you hear.

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Activity 1 - Choose the correct expression according to what you hear.

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customizable |  downsides| some of the greatest benefits of | typically| as | Quite often early on

Transcript

Quite often early on in a project's development, you're asked whether it's better to have a precast design or in situ design. So what is the difference between precast and in-situ when should you choose one or the other and of course answering that age-old debate is one really better than the other?

So let's get into it.
So let's start off with the traditional method now this is in situ concrete as the name suggests it's concrete that is poured in situations so it's poured on side. So _Typicallyconcrete trucks come to site where they pump it out into pre-formed molds on the shapes that you need so there's a lot of formwork that you need to set up as you need to make sure you're forming up the shapes that you need in concrete you're laying down the reinforcement or post-tensioning in post-tension slabs  before you're actually pouring the concrete some of the greatest benefits of an institute design is the fact that it's completely customizable so can have as many steps and folds that you need you can have any size or shape it's able to form any columns walls or floors the building may require some of the downsides of an institute design....

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https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/present-perfect

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Look at these examples to see how the present perfect is used.

He's been to ten different countries.
I haven't seen her today.
My phone's run out of battery. Can I use yours?
Have you ever dyed your hair a different colour?

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

We use the present perfect simple ( have or has + past participle) to talk about past actions or states which are still connected to the present.

Unfinished time and states

We often use the present perfect to say what we've done in an unfinished time period, such as today, this week, this year, etc., and with expressions such as so far, until now, before, etc.

We also use it to talk about life experiences, as our life is also an unfinished time period. We often use never in negative sentences and ever in questions.

We also use the present perfect to talk about unfinished states, especially with for, since and how long.

She's wanted to be a police officer since she was a child.
I haven't known him for very long.
How long have you had that phone?

Finished time and states

If we say when something happened, or we feel that that part of our life is finished, we use the past simple.

We visited Russia for the first time in 1992.
I went to three different primary schools.
Before she retired, she worked in several different countries.

We also use the past simple for finished states.

We knew all our neighbours when we were children.
I didn't like bananas for a really long time. Now I love them!

Past actions with a result in the present

We can use the present perfect to talk about a past action that has a result in the present.

Again, if we say when it happened, we use the past simple.

He broke his leg last week so he can't go on holiday.

However, we often use the present perfect with words like just, recently, already, yet and still.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Language level

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Do you know how to use phrases like She's called every day this week, I've broken my leg and Have you ever been to Scotland? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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https://wordwall.net/pt/resource/56239549/1-architecture-structures-and-materials-properties

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Wordwall - Crie lições melhores mais rapidamente

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Structural Masonry - Alvenaria estrutural, Structural Steel - Aço estrutural, Reinforced Concrete Structure (RC or RCC) - Concreto estrutural, Tensile Strength - Resistência a tração, Flexural Strength - Resistência a flexão, Compressive Strength - Resistência a compressão, Shear Force - Tensão cisalhante, Cracks - Fissuras, rachaduras, Colollapse - Colapso, Precast/ Prefabricated/ Prefab - Estruturas pré-fabricadas, Cast in Situ - Estruturas moldadas em loco., Prestressed - Estruturas protendidas, Height - Altura, Length - Comprimento, Width - Largura, Span - Vão, Reinforcing Steel - Aço de reforço,

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1 - Architecture | structures and materials properties

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Structural Masonry - Alvenaria estrutural, Structural Steel - Aço estrutural, Reinforced Concrete Structure (RC or RCC) - Concreto estrutural, Tensile Strength - Resistência a tração, Flexural Strength - Resistência a flexão, Compressive Strength - Resistência a compressão, Shear Force - Tensão cisalhante, Cracks - Fissuras, rachaduras, Colollapse - Colapso, Precast/ Prefabricated/ Prefab - Estruturas pré-fabricadas, Cast in Situ - Estruturas moldadas em loco., Prestressed - Estruturas protendidas, Height - Altura, Length - Comprimento, Width - Largura, Span - Vão, Reinforcing Steel - Aço de reforço,

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Project x design

As the name suggests ....
As the name suggests this is a quantitative table.
Typically
Typically we specify the finishing material in the detail design, after the budget aproval.
Set up
We set up a strategy to gain more time developing the building design.
Some of the greatest benefits of ....
Some of the greatest benefits of using steelframe on the construction site is reducing the amount of waste.
It's completely customizable
The advantage of specifying the drywall system is because it's completely customizable.
It's able to ....
It's able to use less concrete columns and gain longer span.
And that side time can have lots of delays if you got a lot of bad weather,
???
Some of the downsides
Some of the downsides of a structural mansonry is the limitation of windows openings.

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Lesson 2

Active listening

Vocabulary

Talking about advantages and disadvantages between precast concrete and in-situ.

(16 hours)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zCjbqyA_54

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Precast concrete vs In-situ concrete Who Wins?

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Who calls the shots around here?

Brian is the office manager, but it's actually Tina who calls the shots.

Early on it was unclear who was really calling the shots.

Who's calling the shots in your company? What does she/he is responsible for?

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https://quizlet.com/br/799392353/milca-architecture-terms-part-1-flash-cards/?x=1qqt

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http://us06web.zoom.us/j/87243075355

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Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, confer…

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Lesson 1

Welcoming

Review

Basic verb tenses

Architects vocabulary

(16 hours)

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"_______________________________________".
Verb -
Noun -

Present - ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I work – I DON'T work – DO I work?)

+
-
?

Present Continuous (BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

(I AM workING – I AM NOT workING – AM I workING?)

+
-
?

Future – WILL (Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL work - I WON'T work - WILL I work?)

+
-
?

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED) = 100% sure

Future – BE GOING TO – (Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

(I AM GOING TO work - I AM NOT GOING TO work – AM I GOING TO work?)

+
-
?

Past Simple – (V2 - DID) SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE

(I worked – I DIDN'T work – DID I work?) (I ate a lot – I DIDN'T eat a lot – DID I eat a lot?)

+
-
?

PRESENT Perfect (HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE worked - I HAVEN'T worked - HAVE I worked?) (I HAVE EATEN – I HAVEN'T EATEN – HAVE I EATEN?)

+
-
?

Perfect Continuous (HAVE/has + BEEN + V---ing) – PAST INCLUDING TODAY AND PROBABLY CONTINUE IN THE FUTURE.

(I have BEEN workING - I haven't BEEN workING - Have I BEEN workING?)

+
-
?

Modals (CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST-WILL)

(I CAN work - I CAN'T work - CAN I work) (I MAY eat – I MAY NOT eat – MAY I eat?)

+
-
?

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1 - MODEL- O gerente aprova o pagamento.

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1 - MODEL- O gerente aprova o pagamento.

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"The manager approves the payout".
Verb - approve/approves
Noun - payout

Present - ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I work – I DON'T work – DO I work?)

+ The manager approves the payout.
- The manager doesn`t approve the payout.
? Does the manager approve the payout?

Present Continuous (BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

(I AM workING – I AM NOT workING – AM I workING?)

+ The manager is approving the payout.
- The manager isn`t approving the payout.
? Is the manager approving the payout?

Future – WILL (Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL work - I WON'T work - WILL I work?)

+ The manager will approve the payout.
- The manager won`t approve the payout.
? Will the manager approve the payout?

Future – BE GOING TO – (Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence).

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED) = 100% sure

(I AM GOING TO work - I AM NOT GOING TO work – AM I GOING TO work?)

+ The manager is going to approve the payout.
- The manager isn`t going to approve the payout.
? Is the manager going to approve the payout?

Past Simple – (V2 - DID) SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE

(I worked – I DIDN'T work – DID I work?) (I ate a lot – I DIDN'T eat a lot – DID I eat a lot?)

+ The manager approved the payout.
- The manager didn`t approve the payout.
? Did the manager approve the payout?

PRESENT Perfect (HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE worked - I HAVEN'T worked - HAVE I worked?) (I HAVE EATEN – I HAVEN'T EATEN – HAVE I EATEN?)

+ The manager has approved the payout
- The manager hasn`t approved the payout
? Has the manager approved the payout?

Perfect Continuous (HAVE/has + BEEN + V---ing) – PAST INCLUDING TODAY AND PROBABLY CONTINUE IN THE FUTURE.

(I have BEEN workING - I haven't BEEN workING - Have I BEEN workING?)

+ The manager has been approving the payout.
- The manager hasn`t been approving the payout.
? Has the manager been approving the payout?

Modals (CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST-WILL)

(I CAN work - I CAN'T work - CAN I work) (I MAY eat – I MAY NOT eat – MAY I eat?)

+ The manager could approve the payout.
- The manager couldn`t approve the payout.
? Could the manager approve the payout?

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1 - MODEL- O diretor precisa do relatório - The director needs the report.

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1 - MODEL- O diretor precisa do relatório - The director needs the report.

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"______________________the director needs the report _________________".
Verb - need
Noun - report

Present - ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I work – I DON'T work – DO I work?)

+ the director needs the report
- the director doesn’t need the report
? Does the director need the report?

Present Continuous (BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

(I AM workING – I AM NOT workING – AM I workING?)

+ the director is needing the report
- the director isn’t needing the report
? Is the director needing the report?

Future – WILL (Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL work - I WON'T work - WILL I work?)

+ the director Will need the report
- the director won’t need the report
?will the director need the report?

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)+++ FUTURE WORD) = 100% sure

Future – BE GOING TO – (Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

(I AM GOING TO work - I AM NOT GOING TO work – AM I GOING TO work?)

+ the director is going tô need the report.
- the director isn’t going tô need the report.
? Is the director going the report?

Past Simple – (V2 - DID) SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE

(I worked – I DIDN'T work – DID I work?) (I ate a lot – I DIDN'T eat a lot – DID I eat a lot?)

+ the director needed the report
-the director didn’t need the report
? Did the director need the report?

PRESENT Perfect (HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE worked - I HAVEN'T worked - HAVE I worked?) (I HAVE EATEN – I HAVEN'T EATEN – HAVE I EATEN?)

+ the director has needed the report
- the director hasn’t needed the report
? Has the director needed the report?

Perfect Continuous (HAVE/has + BEEN + V---ing) – PAST INCLUDING TODAY AND PROBABLY CONTINUE IN THE FUTURE.

(I have BEEN workING - I haven't BEEN workING - Have I BEEN workING?)

+ the director has been needing the report
- the director hasn’t been needing the report
? Has the director been needing the report?

Modals (CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST-WILL)

(I CAN work - I CAN'T work - CAN I work) (I MAY eat – I MAY NOT eat – MAY I eat?)

+ the director May need the report
- the director May not need the report
? May the director need the report?

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________________________________

Verb -
Noun -

Present - ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I AM  – I AM NOT – AM I?)
+
-
?

Present Continuous (BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

(I AM STUDYING – I AM NOT STUDYING – AM I STUDYING?)

+
-
?

Future – WILL (Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL TRAVEL - I WON'T TRAVEL - WILL I TRAVEL?)

+
-
?

Future – BE GOING TO – (Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)= 100% sure
(I AM GOING TO - I AM NOT GOING TO – AM I GOING TO?)

+
-
?

Past Simple – (V2 - DID) SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE

(I WROTE – I DIDN'T WRITE – DID I WRITE?)
+
-
?

PRESENT Perfect (HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE WRITTEN - I HAVEN'T WRITTEN - HAVE I WRITTEN?)

+
-
?

Modals (CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST - WILL)

(I CAN SEND - I CAN'T SEND - CAN I SEND) (I MAY SEND – I MAY NOT SEND – MAY I SEND?

+
-
?

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1 B - MODEL -  Estou levantando as informações e enviarei em breve.

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1 B - MODEL -  Estou levantando as informações e enviarei em breve.

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I am gathering the information and I will send it soon
Verb -  gather
Noun -  information

Present - ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I AM  – I AM NOT – AM I?)
+ i am gathering the information and i will send it soon.
- i am not gathering the information and i won’t send it soon.
? Am i gathering the information? Will i send it soon?

Present Continuous (BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

(I AM STUDYING – I AM NOT STUDYING – AM I STUDYING?)

+ i am gathering the information and i Will be sending it soon
- i am not gathering the information ans i will not be sending it soon.
? Am i gathering the information and will i be sending it soon?

Future – WILL (Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL TRAVEL - I WON'T TRAVEL - WILL I TRAVEL?)

+ i Will gather the information and i will send it soon.
- i Will not gather the information
? Will i gather the information? Will i send it soon?

Future – BE GOING TO – (Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)= 100% sure
(I AM GOING TO - I AM NOT GOING TO – AM I GOING TO?)

+ i am going tô gather the information. I will send it soon
- i am not going tô gather the information. I Will not send it soon.
? Am i going tô gather the information? Will i send it soon?

Past Simple – (V2 - DID) SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE

(I WROTE – I DIDN'T WRITE – DID I WRITE?)
+ I gathered the information. I sended it soon
- I didn't gather the information. I didn't send it soon.
? Did I gather the information? Did I send it soon?

PRESENT Perfect (HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE WRITTEN - I HAVEN'T WRITTEN - HAVE I WRITTEN?)

+ I have gathered the information. I will send it soon.
- I haven't gathered the informaiot. I won't send it soon.
? Have I gathered the information? Will I send it soon?

Modals (CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST - WILL)

(I CAN SEND - I CAN'T SEND - CAN I SEND) (I MAY SEND – I MAY NOT SEND – MAY I SEND?

+ I can gather the information. I will send it soon.
- I can't gather the information. I won't send it soon.
? Can I gather the information? Will I send it soon?

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1 B - MODEL - Constavam varias irregularidades no relatório.

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1 B - MODEL - Constavam varias irregularidades no relatório.

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There were several irregularities in the report.

Verb -  to be
Noun -  irregularities

Present - ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I AM  – I AM NOT – AM I?)
+ There are several irregularities in the report.
- Therer aren't several irregularities in the report
? are there several irregularities in the repor?

Present Continuous (BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

(I AM STUDYING – I AM NOT STUDYING – AM I STUDYING?)

+ There are several irregularities in the report.
- There aren't several irregularities in the report.
? Ate there several irregularities in the report?

Future – WILL (Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL TRAVEL - I WON'T TRAVEL - WILL I TRAVEL?)

+There will be several irregularities in the report.
- There won't be several irregularities in the report.
? Will there be several irregularities in the report?

Future – BE GOING TO – (Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)= 100% sure
(I AM GOING TO - I AM NOT GOING TO – AM I GOING TO?)

+ There are going to be several irregularities in the report.
- There aren't going to be several irregularities in the report.
? Are there going to be several irregularities in the report?

Past Simple – (V2 - DID) SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE

(I WROTE – I DIDN'T WRITE – DID I WRITE?)
+ There were several irregularities in the report.
- There weren't several irregularities in the report.
? Were there several irregularities in the report?

PRESENT Perfect (HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE WRITTEN - I HAVEN'T WRITTEN - HAVE I WRITTEN?)

+ There has been several irregularities in the report.
- There hasn't been several irregularities in the report.
? Has there been several irregularities in the report?

Modals (CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST - WILL)

(I CAN SEND - I CAN'T SEND - CAN I SEND) (I MAY SEND – I MAY NOT SEND – MAY I SEND?

+ There may been several irregularities in the report.
- Therer may not been several irregularities in the report.
? may there been several irregularities in the report?

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Future Perfect | Future Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous

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Future Perfect | Future Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous

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Can you identify which verb tense these phrases belong?

- I'll be presenting on Friday so I can't make our usual Friday lunch date.

- By this time next week, our team will have completed the project.

- By the time I'm finished, I'll have been working for more than 12 hours so I don't think I'll want to go out tonight. I'd rather stay at home.

Future Continuous - In the future, the action will be occurring continuously.
-Next week I will be studying for my exams.
-An hour from now I will be eating my lunch.
-In the next decade, phones will be advancing at a rapid pace.

Future Perfect - In the future, the action will already be completed
- By this time tomorrow, I will have finished my geographic project.
- By next week, my friend will have gone to Paris.
- By the time I'm finished with the project, the teacher will have created a new assignment

Future Perfect Continuous - In the future, an ongoing action will have finished.
- By the time my friend has come back from Paris, I will have been waiting for him for about 5 days.
- By tomorrow Anne will have been giving English classes for the whole week.
- By the next month, my English teacher will have been mastering the Rubik's Cube for some time.

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Use your previous background to come up with a very innovative construction for your community.

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Use your previous background to come up with a very innovative construction for your community.

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Choose 4 topics below to enhance your list:

- be the most attractive design;
- be best at bringing the whole community together;
- do most to boost the local economy;
- have the longest-lasting impact;
- be the most difficult to construct and the reasons why.

I've been thinking about a community project here in my neighborhood.
I miss a open-air market near my house and on my day-to-day bases the laziness take over me when it is time to restock the fridge... When it comes to buy fresh fruits and vegetables, there's nothing better than an open air market!
So, with this issue I've been living in my mind for years, it would be great if it comes true.
I have thought on a large but simple metallic roof that would cover all the tends and the central corridor where people could walk through it. To the local economy it would be great, fresh fruits and vegetables offered on low cost and will benefit all the stakeholders.
The visitors or consumers will be having restaurants and coffee shops offering services by the time they enter the market and on weekends it could have themed events for the kids or something more specific maybe.
I will have been designing a special wind break when the cold weather arrives, with metallic and wood panels, all colored just to bring some movement to the facades and to be a memorable point here in my neighborhood.

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Choose one of your ideas. Discuss more about the details of the project. Use the future forms. Think about:

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Choose one of your ideas. Discuss more about the details of the project. Use the future forms. Think about:

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- The venue;
- How long it will take to set up and how long it will last;
- Who will take part;
- Who will organize  it (professionals/volunteers);
- How much it will cost;
- How will you raise the money;
- Any permission you will need;
- How to get people to support the project;
- Anything else you think might be important.

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Lesson 10

Preparing a presentation

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Lesson 11

VOCABULARY

Wall sheathing - revestimento de parede

Guage - calibre

Light gauge steel - Aço leve

Decay - Declinio, decadência

Dimple texture - odulação

Screws - Parafusos

Joists - Vigas

Whose
Whom
Who
Which
How many x How much
Stuff

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https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/relative-pronouns-relative-clauses

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The relative pronouns are:

We use relative pronouns to introduce relative clauses. Relative clauses tell us more about people and things:

Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.
This is the housewhich Jack built.
Marie Curie is the womanthat discovered radium.

We use:

Two kinds of relative clause

There are two kinds of relative clause:

1. We use relative clauses to make clear which person or thing we are talking about:

Marie Curie is the woman who discovered radium.
This is the housewhich Jack built.

In this kind of relative clause, we can use that instead of who or which:

Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium.
This is the housethat Jack built.

We can leave out the pronoun if it is the object of the relative clause:

2. We also use relative clauses to give more information about a person, thing or situation:

Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.
We had fish and chips,which I always enjoy.
I met Rebecca in town yesterday,which was a nice surprise.

With this kind of relative clause, we use commas (,) to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
Level: intermediate
whose and whom

This is George, whose brother went to school with me.

We sometimes use whom as the object of a verb or preposition:

but nowadays we normally use who:

This is George, who you met at our house last year.
This is George's brother,who I went to school with.

Relative pronouns with prepositions

When or which have a preposition, the preposition can come at the beginning of the clause:

I had an uncle in Germany, from who(m) I inherited a bit of money.
We bought a chainsaw,with which we cut up all the wood.

or at the end of the clause:

I had an uncle in Germany, who(m) I inherited a bit of money from.
We bought a chainsaw,which we cut all the wood up with.

But when has a preposition, the preposition always comes at the end:

I didn't know the uncle that I inherited the money from.
We can't find the chainsawthat we cut all the wood up with.

when and where

We can use when with times and where with places to make it clear which time or place we are talking about:

England won the World Cup in 1966. It was the year when we got married.
I remember my twentieth birthday. It was the daywhen the tsunami happened. Do you remember the place where we caught the train?
Stratford-upon-Avon is the townwhere Shakespeare was born.

We can leave out when:

England won the World Cup in 1966. It was the year we got married.
I remember my twentieth birthday. It was the daythe tsunami happened.

We often use quantifiers and numbers with relative pronouns:

She has three brothers, two of whom are in the army.
I read three books last week,one of which I really enjoyed.
There were some good programmes on the radio,none of which I listened to.

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Learn about relative pronouns and relative clauses and do the exercises to practise using them.

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Metal Framing - Tools, Fastening Methods, Fundamentals

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Starting off - Match the pictures with their corresponding definition.

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Starting off - Match the pictures with their corresponding definition.

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Wall sheathing | Light guage steel | Dimple texture | Joists | Screws | C-shape steel joints |  C-clamp

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Activity 1 - Complete the sentences below, according to what you hear.

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Activity 1 - Complete the sentences below, according to what you hear.

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1 - Metal framing is a method of constructing using heavy and light gauge steel.

2 - Today, light gauge steel is specified for residential, light commercial and heavy commercial structures.

3 - Light gauge steel framing members are fabricated from structure quality sheet steel by cold forming.

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Activity 2 - Watch the video again, and choose the correct word to each gap.

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Activity 2 - Watch the video again, and choose the correct word to each gap.

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Types of Steel Framing Members

Dimpled texture | Decay | wall sheathing | Light gauge steel (3 x)

Metal framing is a method of constructing using heavy and light gauge steel. Today light gauge steel is specified for

residential, light commercial, and heavy commercial structures.

A few advantages over conventional wood framing, are the fact that wall sheating is perfectly straight. It is not affected by decay, it has better fire resistance and does not deform, like similar wood framing members.

For traditional construction, each wood framing member can be replaced with metal framing members. light gauge steel framing members are fabricated from structural quality sheet steel by cold forming. Light gauge steel framing members may have a dimpled texture applied during manufacturing that provides additional strength grabs screws better and holds the screws tighter so light gauge steel does not pull away.

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Activity 3 - Answer the questions below. 

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Activity 3 - Answer the questions below. 

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What materials are used in metal framing construction?
The materials used in metal framing are heavy and light gauge steel

Where is light gauge steel typically specified in construction projects?
Light gauge steel is usually specified on residential, light commercial and heavy commercial.

What are some advantages of using light gauge steel over conventional wood framing?
Light gauge steel has some few advantages over conventional wood framing like the light gauge steel is perfectly straight, it is not affected by decay and has a better fire resistance.

How does light gauge steel resist decay compared to wood framing?
Light gauge steel resist decay better than wood framing because it is fabricated with light quality sheet steel by cold forming and receives a protected coating to prevent corrosion during its life time.

Why is light gauge steel considered to have better fire resistance than similar wood framing?

In what way does a dimpled texture enhance the performance of light gauge steel framing members?

What role does the protective coating play in preventing

When might a dimpled texture be applied to light gauge steel framing members during their manufacturing?

How does the tighter grip of screws achieved by the dimpled texture benefit the integrity of wall sheathing in metal-framed structures?

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Welcoming and Introducing:
Good morning everybody and welcome to my drywall presentation.
My name is Milca, I'm a senior architect at Poyry Tecnology and I'm here today to show you my point of view about the advantages of dry construction, specially the drywall system.

Give an overview
I'm going to focus on the general perceptions and advantages, not entering on the construction methods step-by-step.
I've divided my presentation in 4 parts, so the first part I'll explain very quickly about the drywall concept, the second part we'll find out where we can use it, third why you should invest on it and finally I'll leave you with a question to sleep on it and call you to action.

Timing
My presentation will take about 7 minutes no longer than that.

Questions
And of course, there will be questions but I'd appreciate it if you could leave it until the end of my presentation.

Introducing the first point
I would like to begin with the question the everyone is doing right now:
What is drywall after all? We hear a lot of people on the construction market talking about but what it is?
Basically, drywall is a set of three components that work together very well and each one of them have there specific function:
- the light steel gauge to structure and keep the wall on track.
- the mineral wool that works as an acoustic insulation
- the plaster board to cover everything.
Of course, there is the screws and other detail things but basically what we need to know are these main itens.

Next topic
Moving on to the next topic:
Where can I build it? I don't want to finish my presentation here but you can build it on any interior space you want. As you can see this images here the drywall is on the vertical position as walls and on the horizontal position as ceilings. Because the panel is made of gypsium it would not fit to the exterior area, there is anothe type of board and system to apply on exterior areas but that is another presentation (spoiler alert). Today on market we have all type of board compositions so, be sure there will be one especially for yout needs.

Let's turn now to:
Why do I need it? Time is a precious thing and thinking about the present time where we are always eager to live our dreams and the future that we don't know anything about it the drywall system fits perfectly!
Low maintenance -

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Relative pronouns

- My daughter, who is 3, has started to count to 10.

- This is the electric room, witch / that the architect designed.

- My mother is the one that gave me birth.

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If you say that someone is on thin ice or is skating on thin ice, you mean that they are doing something risky which may have serious or unpleasant consequences.

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Flat out is an idiomatic expression that means doing something at full speed, maximum effort, or without any reservation. It often implies a high level of intensity or dedication.

Remember, "flat out" emphasizes the idea of putting maximum effort and dedication into a task, which can be particularly important in construction projects involving steel framing and drywall installation.

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Lesson 12

Idioms - Flat out & (Skating) On thin ice

Objective: Understand and correctly use idiomatic expressions in the context of construction projects.

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Starting off - Match the pictures with their corresponding definition. Then fill in the gaps.

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Starting off - Match the pictures with their corresponding definition. Then fill in the gaps.

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Activity 1  - Fill in the blanks by using the corresponding idioms.

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Activity 1  - Fill in the blanks by using the corresponding idioms.

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Flat Out & On Thin Ice.

1 - "Trying to save costs by using subpar materials for the drywall would be like skating on thin ice, as it could lead to issues with durability and appearance."

2 - "We're working flat out to complete the steel frame assembly before the deadline."

3 - "Rushing through the steel frame installation without proper measurements and alignment checks would be skating on thin ice, risking structural integrity."

4 - "Despite the challenges, the workers are going flat out to erect the steel columns accurately."

5 - "The drywall contractors have been going flat out to repair the damaged areas and create a uniform appearance throughout the building."

6 - "If we decide to cut corners on the drywall finishing process, we'd definitely be skating on thin ice when it comes to achieving a professional and polished look."

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Arguments for Drywall:

1. Versatility: Drywall is a highly versatile material that can be used in various applications, from residential homes to commercial buildings. It can be easily shaped, cut, and molded to fit different designs and spaces.

2. Cost-Effective: Drywall is generally more cost-effective than other wall finishing options. Its affordability makes it a practical choice for projects with budget constraints.

3. Ease of Installation: Drywall installation is relatively straightforward, especially compared to traditional plaster. This can save both time and labor costs during construction.

4. Fire Resistance: Many types of drywall are designed to be fire-resistant, enhancing the safety of the building. It can help contain fire and slow its spread, providing valuable evacuation time.

5. Soundproofing: With the right insulation materials, drywall can contribute to soundproofing a space. This is especially important in commercial buildings and multi-unit residential complexes.

6. Smooth Surface: Drywall provides a smooth and even surface that's ideal for painting, wallpapering, or other decorative finishes. It ensures a polished look for the interior spaces.

7. Repairability: In case of damage, drywall is relatively easy to repair. Small holes, dents, and cracks can be patched up without the need for extensive renovations.

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Arguments for Steel Frame:

1. Strength and Durability: Steel frames offer exceptional structural strength and durability, ensuring the longevity and stability of the building. They can withstand heavy loads and adverse weather conditions.

2. Design Flexibility: Steel frames can be fabricated into various shapes and sizes, allowing for innovative and unique architectural designs. This flexibility is particularly advantageous for modern construction aesthetics.

3. Quick Construction: Steel frame construction is known for its speed. Pre-fabricated components can be assembled on-site efficiently, reducing overall construction time and costs.

4. Sustainability: Steel is a recyclable material, making steel frame construction an environmentally friendly option. Using recycled steel in construction can significantly reduce the demand for new resources.

5. Precision and Accuracy: Steel frame components are fabricated to high precision, ensuring consistent quality and reducing on-site errors during assembly. This accuracy contributes to a safer and more efficient construction process.

6. Resistance to Pests and Rot: Unlike wood, steel is not vulnerable to pests, insects, or rot. This eliminates the need for pest control measures and enhances the building's longevity.

7. Non-Combustibility: Steel is non-combustible, reducing the risk of fire-related damage. This can be particularly important for structures where fire safety is a primary concern.