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USSR dissolved - 15 Republics Gain Independence, including Russia - Aug 1991

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USSR dissolved - 15 Republics Gain Independence, including Russia - Aug 1991

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Soviet people were angry at the government and the deep corruption which also led to public distrust. Regimes occurred in Satellite states and revolts happened. Military withdrawal and tanking economy led to the fall of the Soviet Union as it could no longer stand the weight of its mistakes.

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Germany Reuniting was effectively the end of the Cold War. West Germany accepted East Germany into its country and they were united under the Federal Republic of Germany. This brought on a new time period of more cooperation and less segregation between the two sides.

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Boris Yeltsin Elected as President of Russia - May 1990

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Boris Yeltsin Elected as President of Russia - May 1990

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Yeltsin was elected Russia's first president after the dissociation of the Soviet Union. He implemented new reforms including the economic shock therapy to transform Russia's command economy into a market economy. He was very successful in peacefully dissolving the Union as well as rebuilding Russia

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One of the most symbolic events in Europe at the end of Communism. Eastern Germany had put a wall around their part of the country and no one was allowed leave. Political reforms inside the Soviet bloc and escalated pressure from people in Eastern Germany ultimately caused people to take down the wall. Guards tried to stop them at first but then let them.

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Also known as the June fourth massacre was a student-led demonstration after the fall of the Soviet Union. They had hope that they could protest the communist government like what had happened in other countries. But this did not work as troops armed with assault rifles accompanied by tanks fired at the demonstrators and those trying to block the military's advance into Tienanmen Square. Military crackdown ended all revolts in China and hopes to change communist government.

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania oust Communist Governments - 1989

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania oust Communist Governments - 1989

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These newly formed center-right countries took power for the first time since World War II, they were no longer communist countries. After they left they joined NATO which was the opposite of the Warsaw Pact that they had been in just years before. This revolutionary wave ended a lot of the communist states in the world.

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Soviet Troops Withdrawal Afghanistan - Jan 1989

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Soviet Troops Withdrawal Afghanistan - Jan 1989

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The Soviets finally withdrew from Afghanistan because they were falling apart as a Union. Civil War in Afghanistan reigned on but the Soviets did not have enough money or troops to keep exporting.

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Gorbachev begins "Glasnost" and "Perestroika" in Efforts to Reform the USSR - 1985

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Gorbachev begins "Glasnost" and "Perestroika" in Efforts to Reform the USSR - 1985

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Glasnost is openness and Perestroika is reform. Mikhael Gorbachev brings this to the citizens of the union bringing them out of strict communism. This modernized the economy so it could compete with other capitalist economies. Ultimately failed and the Soviet Union's economy was salveged.

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Eastern Bloc Boycotts LA Summer Olympics - July-Aug 1984

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Eastern Bloc Boycotts LA Summer Olympics - July-Aug 1984

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The boycott bloc involved 14 Satellite states and allies of the Soviet Union. This served as a response to the US boycotting the last summer Olympics in Moscow. They claimed that their athletes would not be safe in our country due to the circumstances of the war and did not compete.

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US Troops Invade and Overthrow Regime in Grenada - Oct 1983

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US Troops Invade and Overthrow Regime in Grenada - Oct 1983

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Communist coup in Grenada, a small island country in the Caribbeans, and the United States joined to reestablish the non communist government. Cubans aided by the soviets were the main people in charge of the coup. The fighting did not last long, about a day and the US restored the government.

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Reagan Proposes SDI or "Star Wars" - 1983

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Reagan Proposes SDI or "Star Wars" - 1983

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Reagan proposes a nuclear defense shield that would take down ballistic missiles before they reach America. It kinda worked, we could shoot down 70% of their missiles which wasn't enough. Russia tries to beat our technology and they go bankrupt.

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow - June-Aug. 1980

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow - June-Aug. 1980

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Jimmy Carter announced that America would be boycotting the Olympics held in Moscow in response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in the past year.

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US Hockey Beats USSR in Winter Olympics at Placid Lake, NY

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US Hockey Beats USSR in Winter Olympics at Placid Lake, NY

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The US beat the Soviets 4-3 in Winter Olympic Championship known as one o the greatest upsets in sports history. Also known as the Miracle on Ice, this gave a lot of Americans hope for a future where the US triumphs over the Soviet Union

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Soviet Forces Invade Afghanistan - Dec 1979

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Soviet Forces Invade Afghanistan - Dec 1979

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Soviets invaded Afghanistan to help aid the communist government against the anticommunist Muslim guerrillas. This is where Islamic radicalism originated and the Taliban regime. The Soviet forces withdrew but the civil war continued.

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Shah of Iran Overthrown; Hostage Crisis Begins - Nov 1979

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Shah of Iran Overthrown; Hostage Crisis Begins - Nov 1979

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When the Monarchy in Iran was overthrown Khomeini assumed leadership. There was a conservative backlash opposing the Westernization efforts of the Western-backed Shah. Iran was now sided with the Soviets. The hostage crisis was when American diplomats and citizens were held hostage after a group of militarized Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took them as hostages.

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North Vietnam Tours, Phố Tôn Đức Thắng, Hàng Bột, Đống Đa, Hanoi, Vietnam

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Vietnam tried to invade Cambodia which was an ally of China. China fought off the Vietnamese in a couple of battles on the border and after 12 years they agreed to end the conflict. China was the clear winner as they successfully held off Vietnam.

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US and China Officially Establish Diplomatic Relations and Trade, Panda Diplomacy - Jan. 1979

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US and China Officially Establish Diplomatic Relations and Trade, Panda Diplomacy - Jan. 1979

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Often described as Chinese “soft power”, panda diplomacy uses the cuddly creatures as goodwill ambassadors that help China extend its economic and political influence globally. America and China finally established full diplomatic relations.

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Soviet and Cuban Forces Help to Install Communist Government in Angola - Feb. 1976

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Soviet and Cuban Forces Help to Install Communist Government in Angola - Feb. 1976

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USSR and Cuba intervened after the Angolan Civil War and the former Portuguese colony gained independence. Soviets gave the new country Military supplies and training to support the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola which was a Communist movement.

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South Vietnam Falls to Communist North Vietnam - April 17, 1975

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South Vietnam Falls to Communist North Vietnam - April 17, 1975

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South Vietnam collapsed to rapid advancements of the North and are now part of a one party state ruled by communism. US was scared of domino effect in South Asia which ended up happening as Laos and Cambodia also fell to Communism.

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt Requests Soviet Aid - Oct. 1973

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt Requests Soviet Aid - Oct. 1973

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Syria and Egypt attacked Israel to gain back territory lost in the 1967 war. Egypt asked for Soviet aid so the US sided with Israel. US and Israel won with much cost to the US and brought back tension between the America and USSR.

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US Supported Coup Overthrows Chilean Government - Sept. 1973

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US Supported Coup Overthrows Chilean Government - Sept. 1973

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There is no hard evidence that says America assisted the coup but we did it in secret.Nixon administration covertly funded independent, non-government, and labor union groups.

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A lot of Negotiation between the US and USSR led to a treaty being signed to limit the number of ballistic missiles and missile sites. This was an important step in deescalating tensions between the countries and a step in the right direction to making the world a safer place.

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First president to ever visit mainland China. This was important because it drove a wedge between the ideology of the Chinese Republic and Soviet Union and USSR lost momentum because of this. This helped open trade between US and China.

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers - 1971

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers - 1971

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The New York Times published the first installment of the Pentagon Papers, a top secret history of the Vietnam War. Revealed bombings that the media had not earlier known about in Cambodia and Laos. US Supreme Court voted to publish this material.

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Apollo 11 Lands on the Moon - July 20, 1969

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Apollo 11 Lands on the Moon - July 20, 1969

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First spaceflight to reach the moon sent by America. The space race was one of the many parallels the US and USSR were fighting on. Took over 100 hours to get there and Neil Armstrong was the first man to ever walk on the moon.

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Red Army Crush Czechoslovakian Revolt - Aug 1968

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Red Army Crush Czechoslovakian Revolt - Aug 1968

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Uprising against the communist rule in Prague causes USSR and Warsaw pact to send in troops and tanks to crack down on reformists. A permanent Soviet presence was established here to prevent further problems.

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North Vietnam Tours, Phố Tôn Đức Thắng, Hàng Bột, Đống Đa, Hanoi, Vietnam

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B-52's Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder - 1966

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B-52's Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder - 1966

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B-52 would drop bombs very frequently over a 3 year period designed to force Ho Chi Minh to abandon the idea of taking over South Vietnam. Killed thousands of Vietnamese but they also shot down a lot of planes capturing and killing those in the planes.

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US Announcement to Dispatch 200,000 Troops to Vietnam - July 1965

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US Announcement to Dispatch 200,000 Troops to Vietnam - July 1965

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The main reason we entered the Vietnam War was to prevent a Communist takeover in the region. This ultimately failed as both sides united under a communist government. Nearby Laos and Cambodia also fell to communist rule.

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US Marines sent to the Dominican Republic to Fight Communism - April 1965

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US Marines sent to the Dominican Republic to Fight Communism - April 1965

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The Dominican government was overthrown and President Johnson intervened to help protect American Citizens and property through "Operation Power pack". This also prevented a possible Communist takeover.

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution - August 1964

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution - August 1964

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2 US destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin radioed that they were being fired upon. This caused President Johnson to put more military presence in the Indochina area. He got permission from Congress to take any measures he thought were necessary to keep international peace and security in Vietnam.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified - July 1963

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified - July 1963

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Banned all testing of nuclear weapons everywhere. Originally signed by America, Britain, and the USSR but now as more countries gain nuclear power, they have to sign the treaty. An important first step forward after the Cuban missile crisis to control the threat of nuclear warfare.

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Soviet Union put Nuclear warheads in Cuba. America got ready to invade and there was a time that both sides had prepared for a nuclear war. They came to a diplomatic conclusion that involved the US taking their nukes out of Italy and Turkey but the Soviets had to evacuate Cuba. The US also had to leave Cuba alone

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Construction of Berlin Wall Begins - Aug 17, 1961

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Construction of Berlin Wall Begins - Aug 17, 1961

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Constructed by East Germany, the wall completely cut off West from the surrounding East Germany. The wall cut off influence and communication from either side of Berlin. It also split families and the US soon condemned the wall.

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Failed Bay of Pigs Invasion - April 1961

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Failed Bay of Pigs Invasion - April 1961

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Cuba was an ally of America until the government was overthrown by a communist guerrilla, Fidel Castro. Cuba was similar to Vegas in the 50's. CIA gathered Cubans who didn't like Castro and we trained them to fight Castro in the Bay of Pigs. Castro knew they were coming and destroyed the troops America had trained.

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New technology in spy planes to take pictures of Soviet camps. Could fly 70,000 feet high which was higher than anything else at the time One was shot down and the captain was captured. Spy swap to get Gary Powers back.

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Fidel Castro Takes Power in Cuba - Jan. 1959

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Fidel Castro Takes Power in Cuba - Jan. 1959

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After the Cuban Revolution, Castro assumed military and political leadership. The United States tried to oppose him and tried to assassinate him and put taxes on him. This did not work Castro sided with the Soviets to help defend themselves from Americans.

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Sputnik launched in to Orbit - Oct. 4, 1957

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Sputnik launched in to Orbit - Oct. 4, 1957

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First artificial satellite successfully put in to orbit. Gave soviets a lot of advantages as it could read radio waves and studied the density of the atmosphere. It also passed over America 7 times a day which was concerning at the time.

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The Soviets launched the first intercontinental ballistic missile as a successful test fly. Was large enough to launch a nuclear warhead on America. Posed a big threat to America and caused tensions to rise.

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Rebellion Put Down in Hungary - Nov. 1956

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Rebellion Put Down in Hungary - Nov. 1956

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Revolution Hungary and they wanted to create a parliament, started by college students. This was quickly shot down by the Soviets when they attacked and shot down the short-lived independent national government. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians fled west.

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Race between US and Soviets to make new elements. The first to discover these new elements would name them. Competing in a way other than military combat

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A collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and their satellite states. This organization was invented after Western Germany joined NATO. They felt the need to make their own organization that included Eastern Germany.

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CIA Helps Overthrow Unfriendly Governments in Iran and Guatemala - March 1954

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CIA Helps Overthrow Unfriendly Governments in Iran and Guatemala - March 1954

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The coup d'état in Guatemala was a result of a CIA covert operation and this ended the Guatemalan revolution. The dictator that took over (Carlos Castillo Armas) allied their with America. The CIA was also involved in the coup in Iran, destabilized their existing government so a new government that favored us could take its place.

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Created to serve as the "Sword and Shield" of the Communist party. This is equivalent to our CIA serving as their Country's main foreign intelligence agency.

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H-Bomb Tested by USA on Bikini Atoll - March 1, 1954

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H-Bomb Tested by USA on Bikini Atoll - March 1, 1954

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The US conducted its first airborne test of a hydrogen bomb on a pacific island. This bomb was 10,000 times as powerful as the bomb dropped on Nagasaki. Shows that the arms race had taken another large step forward.

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Separated by the 38th parallel, communist North Korea invaded non-communist South Korea. Wanted total victory but there was a major stalemate and then they soon tried to create peace. Today, 4400 yards of emptiness fill the 38th parallel between these two countries as an armistice was signed.

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare Take Hold in the US - Feb. 1950

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare Take Hold in the US - Feb. 1950

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There was a witch hunt with false accusations and everyone was paranoid. Similar to the Salem witch trial because everyone was suspected of being communist. Anyone deemed communist would be blacklisted or sent to jail. McCarthy made up an imaginary list of people he said were communist, he did a lot of lying and exaggerating.

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Mao Zedong Wins Chinese Civil War and Creates the People's Republic in China - Oct. 1, 1949

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Mao Zedong Wins Chinese Civil War and Creates the People's Republic in China - Oct. 1, 1949

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There is a communist and a non-communist part of China that were fighting. Japanese invade and the Chinese civil war gets put on pause to fight off the Japanese. Mao (communist) wins the Chinese civil war and America freaks out. The non-communists went to Taiwan which we protect to this day.

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Russia Tests its First Atomic Bomb - August 20, 1949

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Russia Tests its First Atomic Bomb - August 20, 1949

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Russia has its first successful atomic bomb. This was important because they now had the same power as America and raised their global status. Named "First Lightning" and designed after America's Fatman.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization provided collective security against the Soviet Union. Used as a cooperative security organization to counter the Soviets army stationed in central and eastern Europe.

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift Begins - June 1948

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift Begins - June 1948

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The Soviets try to stop the  United States, Great Britain, and France to travel to their respective sectors of the city of Berlin. Cut off all transportation between East and West Berlin. We airlift food and supplies to their side of the blackade and this makes us look good.

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Marshall plan is announced to rebuild Europe - June 1947

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Marshall plan is announced to rebuild Europe - June 1947

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Europe after WWII is destroyed from all the bombs. These desperate measures made communism sound not so bad. We give European countries trillions of dollars in today's money to rebuild so their economy can recover and they don't consider communism. This was succesful.

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Truman Doctrine first applied in Greek Civil War - March 12, 1947

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Truman Doctrine first applied in Greek Civil War - March 12, 1947

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Truman explains that we have to contain communism. America can't take over where it already is because that would start a war. He says US should ally with non communists to aid them in their civil wars.

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Winston Churchill Iron Curtain Speech in Fulton, MO - March, 5 1946

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Winston Churchill Iron Curtain Speech in Fulton, MO - March, 5 1946

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Speech stressing that the United States and Britain should act as the guardians of peace and stability against Soviet communism. Russia was our ally but now our enemy

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America bombs the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the atomic bombs which is new technology. Japan surrendered and this changed warfare forever.

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Yalta Conference drafts Post-war plan - Feb. 1945

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Yalta Conference drafts Post-war plan - Feb. 1945

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Stalin, Churchill and FDR meet to discuss who gets what territory after WWII. Meet in a beach resort and this helps them to not start fighting