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The word "sustainability" refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.(Brundtland commission(1987).Our Common Future.)Because I will major in fashion management in the future, so I will focus on the sustainable development of fast fashion industry in this article.

The fast fashion industry still faces some challenges at sustainable levels, such as 1.Due to the fast speed of new products, fast fashion forms a huge inventory and causes waste. These inventory clothes are usually solved by burning, which causes waste and serious pollution of the atmosphere.2.Many kinds of clothing also contain a lot of materials that need to use animal fur, which is inconsistent with ethics, which has become a problem that many animal protection agencies have been criticized.3.There are also synthetic materials, such as polyester, which require the use of non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum. Will encourage mankind to over-exploit oil resources.4.The lack of effective recycling of discarded clothing has become a huge challenge for the fast fashion clothing industry.5.The factory production environment of the fast fashion clothing industry is also a problem that needs to be solved.But some brands have begun to take action to improve the situation. By focusing on the use of environmentally friendly materials and focusing on supply chain transparency and labor rights, they hope to reduce negative impacts on the environment and provide consumers with more sustainable fashion choices.In the fast fashion industry, the progress made in sustainability issues over the past three decades is:1. More brands start to focus on sustainability: More and more fast fashion brands have started to focus on sustainability and make it a major issue. Some brands are taking steps to reduce their environmental impact, such as adopting environmentally friendly materials, promoting a circular economy and reducing carbon emissions.2. Increased customer awareness: More and more consumers are starting to choose brands that support environmental protection and social responsibility, prompting fast fashion companies to pay more attention to sustainability.3. Build supply chain transparency: Some fast fashion brands are starting to be transparent about their supply chains and disclose information about their suppliers.(Yiqun Wang(2018).How can the fast fashion industry achieve sustainable development.F416.86.2095-2066(2018)09-0278-02).

I found a fast fashion brand that does a great job on sustainability，its Urban Revive.They launched a new series，called environmentally friendly capsule series.It will be the first step towards reducing plastic life by recycling plastic bottles and reprocessing into environmentally friendly yarn to present a new series of products.And the first collaboration with eco-friendly brand P.E.T,Jointly launched 4 limited shopping bags,It is made of 100% recycled polyester fiber material,3 recycled plastic bottles =1 shopping bag.They think Sustainable fashion trends is about nature and materials, more bring consumer comfort and a timeless wearing experience.(Urban Revive(2019).UR ECO | Environmental capsule series is now available!Available at:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/mQxeaBkaluR4nxYF8cdcxw(Accessed:9 July 2023)

Then is s a fast fashion brand I found that doesn't do a good job of sustainability,it’s called Forever 21.Some aspects of it may not be environmentally friendly include:1. Packaging materials: Forever 21 products typically use a lot of plastic and paper to wrap their products. These materials are often single-use and have a negative impact on the environment.2. Excessive packaging: Some consumers have complained about the excessive packaging of Forever 21 products. This not only wastes resources, but also increases the amount of waste produced.3. Chemicals: Forever 21 clothing may contain chemicals that are harmful to the environment and human health, such as dyes and anti-wrinkle agents. These substances can be released into the environment during manufacturing and handling, with impacts on ecosystems and sustainable development.(Qiurong Wang(2019).Living with sustainability - Rambling on the crisis and turnaround of fast fashion industry.Guide to Sustainable Economy. P.44)

The next step for sustainability in the fast fashion industry should be 1. Resolve the conflict between speed and fast fashion 2. Think about and address resource consumption and waste 3. Improve Labour rights and working conditions 4. Improve supply chain transparency 5. Use more environmentally friendly materials and technologies 6. Encourage consumers to choose sustainable brands.(Tian Xia, Xiaolei Wang(2012).On the environmental protection status and development trend of fast fashion brands.Shandong textile economy.P.43-45)

The present situation of fast fashion industry is characterized by low cost, high-speed production and large-scale consumption. However, it also brings environmental and social problems, such as waste of resources, labor rights and carbon emissions. In order to be more sustainable, the fast fashion industry is taking the following efforts: promoting the use of sustainable materials, such as organic cotton and recycled fibers; Adopting circular economy models such as recycling and second-hand trading; Optimize supply chains to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions; Support fair trade and worker rights protection; Educate consumers to choose sustainable brands and buy meaningful clothing; Invest in innovative technologies such as 3D printing and the Internet of Things to improve production efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Through these efforts, the fast fashion industry is expected to achieve a sustainable transformation, balancing economic benefits with environmental and social responsibility.

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According to the Brundtland Commission (1987), sustainability is‘meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’Because I will major in fashion management in the future, so I will focus on the sustainable development of fast fashion industry in this article.

Firstly, we are well aware that the fast fashion industry still faces some challenges in terms of sustainability.The main challenge for the fashion industry today is the development and adoption of more sustainable strategies towards the stakeholders, the communities in which produc- tion takes place, and nature itself.  Firms must accept and address their social and environmental footprints, and the planet’s capacity to withstand the impact of their actions and regenerate (Antonini and Larrinaga 2017;  Bebbington and Unerman 2018;  Schaltegger and Burritt 2018).For example,first,in order to keep customers coming back,high street retailers regularly shop for new trends in the field and make weekly purchases to introduce new products and replenish stock(Tokatli,Kizilgun 2009). But some brands are already taking action to improve the situation.By focusing on the use of environmentally friendly materials,transparency in the supply chain and labor rights,they hope to reduce negative impacts on the environment and provide consumers with more sustainable fashion choices.Over the past three decades,the fast fashion industry has come a long way on the issue of sustainability:firstly, more and more fast fashion brands are starting to focus on sustainability and make it a major issue.Some brands are taking steps to reduce their environmental impact, such as adopting environmentally friendly materials, promoting a circular economy and reducing carbon emissions.Secondly, consumer awareness is increasing,and more and more consumers are starting to choose brands that support environmental protection and social responsibility,prompting fast fashion companies to pay more attention to sustainability.Finally, a transparent industry chain has been established,and some fast fashion brands have begun to make their supply chains transparent and disclose their supplier information.(Wang Yaqing, 2018)

I found a fast fashion brand that does a great job in sustainability - Urban Revive.They have launched a new line called the Eco-friendly Capsule Series,which will be the first step in reducing the life of plastic.They have launched a range of new products by recycling plastic bottles and reprocessing them into eco-friendly yarns.And for the first time,UR cooperated with the environmental protection brand P.E.T.,jointly launched 4 limited shopping bags,using 100% recycled polyester fiber materials,so that 3 recycled plastic bottles =1 shopping bag.They believe that sustainable fashion trends are about nature and materials,with the aim of giving consumers a comfortable and timeless wearing experience.(City Revive.2019).

There's another fast-fashion brand that I've found to be bad at sustainability,and it's called Forever 21.Some aspects of it may not be environmentally friendly,including: First is the packaging material, Forever 21's products often use a lot of plastic and paper to wrap the product.These materials are often disposable and have a negative impact on the environment.The second is excessive packaging, there are consumer complaints about excessive packaging of Forever 21 products.This not only wastes resources, but also increases the amount of waste produced.Finally,there are chemicals, Forever 21 clothing can contain chemicals that are harmful to the environment and human health, such as dyes and anti-wrinkle agents.These substances can be released into the environment during manufacturing and processing,with impacts on ecosystems and sustainable development.(Wang (QR(2019).

And the next step for sustainability in the fast fashion industry should be:Firstly,resolve the conflict between speed and fast fashion.Secondly,think about and solve the problem of resource consumption and waste.And then improve labor rights and working conditions and make supply chains more transparent.Next, use more environmentally friendly materials and technologies.Finally,consumers are encouraged to choose sustainable brands.(Xia T. Wang XL,2012).

In conclusion,the present situation of fast fashion industry is characterized by low cost, high-speed production and large-scale consumption.However,it also brings environmental and social problems,such as waste of resources,labor rights and carbon emissions.In order to be more sustainable,the fast fashion industry is taking the following efforts:promoting the use of sustainable materials,such as organic cotton and recycled fibers;Adopting circular economy models such as recycling and second-hand trading; Optimize supply chains to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions; Support fair trade and worker rights protection; Educate consumers to choose sustainable brands and buy meaningful clothing; Invest in innovative technologies such as 3D printing and the Internet of things to improve production efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Through these efforts,the fast fashion industry is expected to achieve a sustainable transformation,balancing economic benefits with environmental and social responsibility.

References

1.Wayen Hayes(1987).Our Common Future.

2.Antonini, C., and C. Larrinaga. 2017. “Planetary Boundaries and Sustainability Indicators. a Survey of Corporate Reporting Boundaries.” Sustainable Development 25 (2): 123–137. doi:10.1002/sd.1667.

3.Tokatli, N.(2008)“Global Sourcing Insights from the Clothing Indus- try: The Case of Zara, a Fast Fashion Retailer.”Journal of Economic Geography 8: 21–38.

4.Wang YQ(2018).How can the fast fashion industry achieve sustainable development.F416.86.2095-2066(2018)09-0278-02).

5.Urban Revive(2019).UR ECO | Environmental capsule series is now available! Available at:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/mQxeaBkaluR4nxYF8cdcxw(Accessed:9 July 2023)

6.Wang QR(2019).Living with sustainability - Rambling on the crisis and turnaround of fast fashion industry.Guide to Sustainable Economy. P.44)

7.Xia T. Wang XL(2012).On the environmental protection status and development trend of fast fashion brands.Shandong textile economy.P.43-45)

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Stella McCartney is not only a fashion designer, but also an environmental pioneer. Her brand has achieved a zero-emission production process through the use of solar and hydro energy. She also actively promotes the rental and second-hand trading of clothing, so that the concept of fashion sustainability is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Stella McCartney incorporates her own lifestyle philosophy into her brand, and is a vegetarian herself, dedicated to promoting animal protection and environmental education.
What attracts me is the innovative use of vegetable leather such as pineapple skin and mushroom skin in the "leatherless" series, which completely solves the damage of traditional leather products on animals and the environment.

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1.Due to the fast speed of new products, fast fashion forms a huge inventory and causes waste. These inventory clothes are usually solved by burning, which causes waste and serious pollution of the atmosphere.

2.Many kinds of clothing also contain a lot of materials that need to use animal fur, which is inconsistent with ethics, which has become a problem that many animal protection agencies have been criticized.

3.There are also synthetic materials, such as polyester, which require the use of non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum. Will encourage mankind to over-exploit oil resources.

4.The lack of effective recycling of discarded clothing has become a huge challenge for the fast fashion clothing industry.

5.The factory production environment of the fast fashion clothing industry is also a problem that needs to be solved.

Tian Xia, Xiaolei wang.On the environmental protection status and development trend of fast fashion brands. Available at:https://wap.cnki.net/touch/web/Journal/Article/SDFJ201205005.html.(Accessed:9 July 2023)

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This week, I learned about sustainability. In my future life, I will pay more attention to environmental protection and continue to pay attention to sustainable development.
I find that I have a problem with presentation.Whenever I give a presentation , I feel nervous, but I can solve this problem by improving my pronunciation and participating in the presentation more.
In the class, I learned how to work with the team to complete the group homework, because we had a lot of group discussions. I think I need to actively participate in the group discussion to make our group atmosphere better and complete the project more perfect.

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Biodiversity refers to the diversity of different species on Earth and the richness of their interactions in ecosystems. It includes the genetic diversity of organisms, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance and providing ecosystem services and biological resources.

The impact of the environment on biodiversity is mainly in the following aspects:
1. Habitat destruction
2. Overfishing and overhunting
3. Climate change
4. Pollutants
5. Invasive species

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·The meaning of the word sustainability.

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·The meaning of the word sustainability.

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The word "sustainability" refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It encompasses the idea of living and operating in a way that maintains a balance between economic growth, social progress, and environmental preservation. In other words, sustainability involves ensuring that our current actions and practices do not deplete natural resources, harm ecosystems, or negatively impact social well-being and equity over the long term. It emphasizes a holistic and long-term perspective, aiming to create a harmonious and resilient society that can thrive indefinitely within the limitations of the Earth's resources.

from:chatgpt

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A app called “Baicizhan”，which can add word to it by myself.

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I went to a vintage store that sells used clothes and accessories.The owner of the vintage store told me：vintage stores contribute to sustainable development by reusing resources, reducing landfills, promoting sustainable fashion and taking social responsibility. By supporting vintage stores and buying second-hand fashion items, we can contribute to environmental protection and social justice.

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·Does sustainability have only one meaning?

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·Does sustainability have only one meaning?

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No, sustainability can have different meanings depending on the context and the field. Generally, sustainability refers to practices that can be maintained or continued over the long term without causing harm to the environment, society, or economy. However, within different industries or disciplines, sustainability may encompass various aspects such as environmental sustainability, social sustainability, economic sustainability, or even cultural sustainability.

from: chatgpt

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Patagonia:
This brand from the United States is known for producing high-quality, functional outdoor clothing, while also committed to environmental protection and sustainable production. They use environmentally friendly materials, such as organic cotton and recycled polyester, and provide Fair working conditions and pay to workers through the Fair Trade program.
What appeals to me about them is that they provide fair pay and jobs to workers and don't exploit workers.And then I think the good impact that can be brought about is the improvement of workers' working conditions and the promotion of human rights.

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1. Environmental sustainability

2. Social sustainability

3. Economic sustainability

These three pillars are interconnected and interdependent, and achieving sustainability requires considering their integration to create a harmonious and balanced approach to development.

Thwink.org. Available
at//www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/ThreePillarsOfSustainability.htm.(Accessed:9 July 2023)

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The three pillars of sustainability are a powerful tool for defining the complete sustainability problem. This consists of at least the economic, social, and environmental pillars. If any one pillar is weak then the system as a whole is unsustainable. Two popular ways to visualize the three pillars are shown.

Why this is important

Most national and international problem solving efforts focus on only one pillar at a time. For example, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), the environmental protection agencies (EPA) of many nations, and environmental NGOs focus on the environmental pillar. The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) focus mostly on economic growth, thought the OECD gives some attention to social sustainability, like war reduction and justice. The United Nations attempts to strengthen all three pillars, but due to its consensual decision making process and small budget has minor impact. The United Nations focuses mostly on the economic pillar, since economic growth is what most of its members want most, especially developing nations.

This leaves a void. No powerful international organization is working on the sustainability problem as a whole, which would include all three pillars.

However, as the Great Recession of 2008 demonstrated, weakness in the other pillars can directly weaken the environmental pillar. Many nations and states are cutting back or postponing stricter environmental laws or investment, since their budgets are running deficits. Many environmental NGOs are seeing their income fall. If the Great Recession grew substantially worse and morphed into another Great Depression, you would expect the environmental pillar would get severely less attention, since eating now is a priority over saving the environment.

The social pillar is critical too. Once a war breaks out environmental sustainability has zero priority. If a nation lives in dire poverty, the environment is pillaged with little thought for the future.

Therefore solutions to the sustainability problem must include making all three pillars sustainable.

Going deeper

Thinking deeply in terms of the three pillars of sustainability requires systems thinking. You start seeing the world as a collection of interconnected systems.

The standard diagrams for visualizing the three pillars are simplistic. To see the more correct relationship requires a diagram like the one shown.

The largest system of them all is the biosphere we live in. It contains the human system, which has two main systems: social and economic. When groups of people, from a tribe to a nation, agree to form a government they form a social contract to increase their general welfare. This contract binds the social and economic systems of the group of individuals together. The people (the social subsystem) are working together under a central government to maximize their economic system's output.

Seeing the overall system this way makes it clear that environmental sustainability must have the highest priority, because the lower the carrying capacity of the environment, the lower the common good delivered by the social system and the less output the economic system can produce.

Going even deeper

How do you analyze something as complex as all three pillars of the sustainability problem? Can the problem be solved?

Yes. Solutions exist. The sustainability problem is no more difficult than monumental historic problems like:

1. The shortage of food problem - This was solved ten thousand years ago by the invention of agriculture.

2. The short lifespan problem - Prior to the Industrial Revolution in 1800, the average lifespan of (for example) British people was 40 years. Today it's 78 for men and 82 for women. The problem was solved by the incremental invention of practices like sewage works, clean water sources, and better housing, along with inventions like germ theory and antibiotics.

3. The autocratic ruler problem - It was not so long ago that kings, warlords, chieftains, dictators, and the like ruled the world. Might made right. The vast majority of the population lived at the subsistence level. There was no middle class. The upper class aligned themselves with whoever was in control at the top. It was a system as old as human history. But it changed nearly overnight with the birth of modern democracy in the late 16 century.

4. The Cold War problem - From the end of World War II to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the free world held its breath in fear that nuclear war could erupt anytime. School children cowered under their desks during nuclear attack drills, as the arms race caused both sides to accumulate massive quantities of bombs. Mutually assured destruction (aptly abbreviated MAD) seemed like the only way to achieve detente. The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 brought the US and the USSR to the brink of launching missiles to protect their interests. But one side blinked and a holocaust was averted.

If these problems can be solved, so can the sustainability problem.

The first three problems were solved by invention of something new. But the last problem was not. What was common to the solutions that allowed them to solve all four problems? If we knew that it could help us solve the sustainability problem.

Thwink.org is an information rich educational website. After you've considered that question, click on One Possible Answer.

What the solution to all four problems had in common was it resolved the root cause of the problem. For example:

1. The root cause of the shortage of food problem was total dependence of Homo sapiens on the what the environment naturally provided for food via hunting and foraging. Invention of agriculture changed that radically. Now Homo sapiens is only partially dependent on the environment for sustenance.

2. The root cause of the short lifespan problem was unchecked infectious disease. All the practices listed reduced chance of infection or, in the case of antibiotics, cured infection after it had started.

3. The root cause of the autocratic ruler problem was there was no reliable feedback loop between a ruler and his subjects. After democracy there was. It was The Voter Feedback Loop.

4. The root cause of the Cold War was mutually exclusive goals between communistic and democratic societies. The root cause resolved itself when the Soviet Union collapsed due to the gross production inefficiency of its economic system, compared to democratic free market systems. Russia was forced to change its goal to one compatible with democracy, beginning with the courageous reforms by Mikhail Gorbachev of perestroika and glasnost in the late 1980s.

The pages of history whisper loudly if read closely. These pages tell us that the task before us is to find and fix the root causes of the sustainability problem.

(1) The colorful three pillar image is from Wikipedia. The architectural style image was prepared by Thwink.org. It's based on numerous similar diagrams.

(2) The information on British lifespans is from this article on Growing lifespan shows no sign of slowing, but don't expect immortality.

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The three pillars of sustainability are a powerful tool for defining the complete sustainability problem. This consists of at least the economic, social, and environmental pillars. If any one pillar is weak then the system as a whole is unsustainable. Two popular ways to visualize the three pillars are shown.

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·The mean of sustainability when we use it to talk about the environment.

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·The mean of sustainability when we use it to talk about the environment.

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When we talk about sustainability in the context of the environment, it refers to practices and actions that aim to maintain or improve the health and well-being of the natural world. Sustainability in the environmental sense involves using resources in a way that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Environmental sustainability focuses on maintaining the health and integrity of the natural environment for present and future generations by conserving resources, preserving biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and adopting sustainable practice

DAVID·LORANT,BAROS·ZOLTAN. Environmentally sustainable tourism:international and Hungarian relations. http://www.docin.com/p-1052481305.html(Accessed:9 July 2023)

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1.Improve the transparency of the industry, quantify the carbon emissions of their own brands, and accept external audit verification.

2.Recycle old things.

3.Developing biobased materials and researching biobased alternatives to replace traditional animal-derived materials (e.g. leather) and fossil fuel-based synthetic materials (e.g. polyester)

4.Promote new business models, such as second-hand resale, rental clothing, etc

Dawei. Observe | the topic of "sustainability" is booming, how can Chinese fast fashion brands go to sea steadily. Available at:http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1724067792049579215&wfr=spider&for=pc&searchword=%E5%BF%AB%E6%97%B6%E5%B0%9A%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD.(Accessed:9 July 2023)

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很少有像时尚行业这般，如此重视自身可持续性发展认证宣传：从泳衣到婚纱，各种产品材质冠上碳益、有机或纯素等醒目标识，甚至将实验性材质延伸到蘑菇制成的瑜伽垫、甘蔗制成的运动鞋等新型产品，无一不在以积极的环保元素点缀着货架。除此之外，新型商业模式也正在成型，包括回收、转售、租赁、再利用和维修等服务，也将为消费者带来更加多样的购物体验。

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观察｜"可持续性"话题正盛，中国快时尚品牌如何稳健出海

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很少有像时尚行业这般，如此重视自身可持续性发展认证宣传：从泳衣到婚纱，各种产品材质冠上碳益、有机或纯素等醒目标识，甚至将实验性材质延伸到蘑菇制成的瑜伽垫、甘蔗制成的运动鞋等新型产品，无一不在以积极的环保元素点缀着货架。除此之外，新型商业模式也正在成型，包括回收、转售、租赁、再利用和维修等服务，也将为消费者带来更加多样的购物体验。

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I  made a cat's nest for my kitten out of my old clothes.

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There are a few things we can do in our lives to make ourselves more sustainable

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There are a few things we can do in our lives to make ourselves more sustainable

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1.Reduce energy consumption: save electricity and water

2. Reduce waste generation: waste sorting, reduce the use of disposable items

3. Reduce food waste

4. Choose sustainable products: Buy organic and environmentally friendly products, choose sustainable fashion: Buy second-hand clothing or choose fashion items with brands that focus on sustainable production and materials.

5. Make full use of resources: do a good job of recycling, transform old items, extend the service life, such as transforming old clothes into a bag.

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verb:sustain
adjective:sustainable
noun:sustainability

sentences example:
1.We must sustain our efforts to protect the environment.
2.The company is committed to sustainable business practices.
3. The conference focused on discussing solutions for environmental sustainability.

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Urban Revive
The birth of UR environmentally friendly capsule series will be the first step towards reducing plastic life by recycling plastic bottles and reprocessing into environmentally friendly yarn to present a new series of products

Urban Revive(2019).UR ECO | Environmental capsule series is now available!Available at:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/mQxeaBkaluR4nxYF8cdcxw(Accessed:9 July 2023)

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UR ECO | 环保胶囊系列现已上市！

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Forever21
Going back up the supply chain, Forever21's cheap route makes its supply chain even more hostage to low prices. The upstream suppliers use all means to reduce the cost, which brings the exploitation of manufacturing workers, environmental pollution, waste of resources, so that Forever21 is under huge pressure from public opinion. Although this is a common problem faced by today's fast fashion brands, in the scope of sustainable development, its competitors maintain a leading position as a value driver in the fast fashion brand industry, and at the same time, as an ethical participant in the game, the performance is better than Forever21.

(Qiurong Wang(2019).Living with sustainability - Rambling on the crisis and turnaround of fast fashion industry.Guide to Sustainable Economy. P.44)

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Its unsustainable and unethical practices 

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Its unsustainable and unethical practices 

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Crushing third world countries.

Nestle has teamed up with other coffee giants to monopolize Ethiopia's export market for coffee beans and keep prices low to maximize profits.The standard of living of the Egyptian people has been reduced, and it is impossible to escape poverty.

Day laborer.(2013).Crushing, repressing, pillaging, and dumbing down: A Brief History of Nestle - The Socialist Movement on the Left Bank.Available at:https://www.douban.com/note/321792382/?from=mdouban&_i=8998678ABwSnJW(Accessed:9 July 2023)

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正如英国学者TomStandage于其著书《AnEdible HistoryofHumanity》 中所言， 于现代， 食物不再单
纯是一种用以维生、 果腹， 或满足食欲的物品， 它更成为一种政治斗争的工具。 在最近一波资本主义全球化的浪潮下， 跨国企业的垄断达至史无前例的水平，无孔不入渗透到我们的生活中。

雀巢公司于1866年于瑞士成立， 早于20世纪初即成为当时食品巨擘之一。 今天， 从咖啡到雪糕， 我们每天也食用或饮用了不少雀巢公司的产品， 雀巢似乎与现代人生活不能脱轨。 但雀巢的成功是建基于何物？还是逃不开全球剥削、 跨国抢掠和蒙骗大众。

压榨
赤贫国家埃塞俄比亚（下称埃国）是雀巢公司旗下的雀巢咖啡的咖啡豆重点生产国。 这个贫穷的东非国家经历了多年战乱， 百废待兴， 但现在却毫无寸进， 除了政府的官僚架构外， 也"多亏" 了雀巢公司不少。 自90年代埃国斯大林主义政府倒台， 重新对外开放时， 吸引了一直觊觎这个传统咖啡大国的跨国企业注资埃国， 当中包括了雀巢咖啡。 雀巢与其他咖啡业巨擘合作垄断埃国的咖啡豆出口市场， 并把咖啡豆价格不断压低， 务求达至利润最大化。

每天早上的纽约期货交易所内， 来自不同咖啡公司的交易员不断嘶叫着杀低喊价。 每一声， 便抹杀了一群埃国咖啡农的未来。 据统计， 于2002年， 埃国咖啡豆的价格只有1960年的1/4； 于2007年， 每公斤的咖啡豆由3美金被压低至0.86美分， 令埃国这个赤贫国家每年损失近8.2亿美金。 这笔资金， 已可于当地兴建2000所小学， 开展扫盲政策。 令人咋舌的是， 这些由埃国咖啡农以贱价出售予雀巢及其他跨国企业的咖啡豆， 到了英伦半岛， 竟可以188倍的价钱出售， 成为中产家庭或是富有人家的"杯中物" 。

雀巢公司与它的垄断伙伴掌控着埃国的咖啡豆出口市场， 令埃国人民生活水平裹足不前， 无法脱贫。 在一股抗议声中， 雀巢在2006年已开设了所谓公平贸易咖啡品牌， 作为平息抗议的技俩， 建造企业良好形象的宣传手段。 但事实上， 公平贸易咖啡产品只占了雀巢咖啡的产品不足一成。 雀巢公司对发展公平贸易的热诚与决心显而易见。 雀巢公司与Starbucks一样， 卖几粒"公平贸易" 咖啡豆， 便沾沾自喜地摆出一副正义使者、 道貌岸然的姿态， 装公平贸易的代言人， 相当呕心。

非洲的另一边， 却有另一幕雀巢的恶行在上演著。 在科特迪瓦（前称： 象牙海岸）， 一个供应全球40%可可豆的国家， 雀巢一直涉嫌间接介入可可豆童工的人口贩卖、 虐待与强制劳动。 可可豆童工虽有"工" 之名， 却无"工" 之实， 他们只是一群奴隶： 生命只值200港元左右、 没有薪水、 每天工作至少14小时、严重缺乏食物及睡眠， 更时而被监工鞭打及殴打。 这种帝国主义的暴行， 不禁叫人回想起糖岛（SugarIslands）的黑奴们。 全球的反全球化人士、 人权及劳工组织一直指控雀巢的罪行， 但雀巢一直只是逃避责任。 雀巢不但压榨埃塞俄比亚咖啡农， 更进行人口贩卖及利用童工， 至此， 有关雀巢的企业道德， 相信读者也是相当清楚的了。

也因如此， 为反抗雀巢的帝国主义暴政， 近年雀巢旗下不断爆发工人罢工及示威。 但对雀巢这等"泰坦企业" 而言， 瓦解工运毫不困难。 雀巢雇用了大批私人军队及黑帮， 又或是笼络当地政府出动镇暴警察对付工人。 前菲律宾雀巢工会领袖Diosdado Fortuna 因组织罢工在2005年被刺40多刀身亡、 哥伦比亚的雀巢工会领袖RomeroMolin疑因各媒体透露美禄内含过期奶粉而遇刺。 雀巢公司更将罢工工人编入当地工厂的黑名单， 令罢工工人全数长期失业，甚至贿赂当地政府， 以捏造工会领袖的犯罪资料， 实行赶尽杀绝。 压榨与镇压: 雀巢是资本主义的最佳体现。

抢掠
一个印度洋之隔， 在东亚的巴基斯坦， 旱灾问题一直缠绕著当地90%的人民。 雀巢公司却无视大众的燃眉之急， 每年在卡拉奇抽取3亿加仑的地下水， 又在水资源供应紧缺的拉合尔大举抢夺水资源， 令拉合尔的情形雪上加霜。 雀巢在当地大力开采资源， 但却从未顾及当地人民的苦况。 仿如在雀巢公司的眼中， 除了金钱利益， 其他一切都是虚无且不存在的。

这毫不稀奇。 雀巢公司的主席Peter Brabeck-Letmathe在上任CEO时， 曾接受一辑记录片的访问，他竟毫不犹豫说： "我认为一般NGOs所说， 水是一种基本人权这种论调相当极端。 " 他更称水资源应被私有化， 人人应付得起钱才可以喝一口水。 他亦称，他认为公司的CEO除了把公司利润最大化， 便不需要负上其他社会责任。 这完全反映了雀巢公司的思考模式: 金权至上， 利润至上。 雀巢无视人类利益、 压迫劳工、 草菅人命......一切， 都只是履行他们声称的"社会责任" 。

回到非洲， 于2010年， 雀巢被揭发对南非茶及蜜树茶这两种土生南非草本植物进行生物剽窃（Biopiracy），打算将这两种土生植物制成多种商品并申请专利。 根据南非政府的《生物多样化法案》（BiodiversityAct），任何利用南非独有及土生生物资源作商业用途， 需得到南非政府批准及与南非政府分享产品利润。 但雀巢却从未知会当局及得到批准， 这表示了雀巢是一间流氓公司， 不但践踏工人及农民， 更每每视法律为无物。

雀巢犹如达伽马那帮暴徒般－周游列国， 四处虏掠， 为了利益目空一切。

愚化
纵使雀巢公司是如斯野蛮暴戾， 它还是有些"文明"一点的技俩的。 雀巢是误导消费者的专家， 旗下的雀巢奶粉便是铁证。

我们都知道母乳比配方奶粉来得健康及正常。 但雀巢公司却为保护自己产品的销路， 向第三世界的文盲母亲强销人工配方奶粉， 以奶粉包装健康的金发白人婴儿， 误导目不识丁的母亲， 令她们认为人工配方奶粉比母乳更好。 雀巢公司更时常夸大HIV病毒透过母乳传染婴儿的风险， 最终令文盲母亲纷纷向雀巢公司奉上所有积蓄。 但事情还未画上句号。 第三世界的水源大多都已受污染， 都是不洁净的食水， 但母亲们却以这些污水冲泡雀巢奶粉予婴儿饮用。 结果是在第三世界内， 饮用奶粉饮料的婴儿比饮用母乳的婴儿， 死于腹泻的机率高出了25倍。 现时每年约有1,500,000名
新生婴儿死于非母乳喂哺， 每年投放70亿美金蒙骗第三世界母亲的雀巢公司实在责无旁贷。

在第一世界国家， 雀巢亦毫不忌讳地愚化大众。 在宣传单张中， 雀巢不断夸大其奶粉的营养价值， 经常曲解研究数据， 吸引消费者购买其产品。 它亦经常赞助及捐款予一些专业医学组织， 拉近双方关系， 令消费者产生错觉， 以为雀巢具有一种医学权威， 从而信任雀巢公司及其商品。

工人斗争 打倒雀巢资本家
雀巢在2005年荣获PublicEyeAwards的"最卑鄙公司" ， 并成功入选'Hall ofShame' 。 8年过去，雀巢行商手法依旧卑劣。

在每年9月21 日国际反雀巢日， 不少民间团体和人权组织都会发动"良心消费计划" 或推行"公平贸易
" ， 但只要雀巢公司依旧为一小撮资本家控制， 以利润为依归的营运模式就不会停止。 大企业的爪牙已经深入我们生活的每一处， 单靠自发的消费者运动， 没有可能动员大多数群众反对雀巢。

大财团的洗脑广告遍布我们生活每个角落， 消费者若果不加以警惕， 随时跌入危险食品的陷阱。 而所谓"公平贸易" 不过是将财团宣传技俩的负担转嫁至消费者身上， 为吸血企业购买赎罪券。 故此， 大众不应盲目信任公平贸易产品； 反之， 应对大企业宣传手段的标签更为小心。

斗争的出路是， 组织雀巢公司的工人进行罢工抗争，支持农民组织起来示威， 反对跨国财团及世界贸易组织（WTO）等。 近年中国青岛、 香港、 菲律宾都有工人罢工反抗， 要对付跨国财团的资本家， 跨国性协调的工人斗争也是必须的， 揭破雀巢公司以暴力镇压工人。 工人和消费者需要民主成立的委员会， 监督食品安全、 监督劳工保障、 环境污染、 贸易压榨等问题，并要求财团公开账目， 将剥削和垄断的暴行曝露于公众眼前。 只有将雀巢及与之有联系的企业国有化， 收归工人民主管控， 才能彻底实现这些目标。

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压榨・镇压・掠夺・愚化: 雀巢公司简史--左岸 社会主义行动（转发）

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正如英国学者TomStandage于其著书《AnEdible HistoryofHumanity》 中所言， 于现代， 食物不再单 纯是一种用以维生、 果腹， 或满足食欲的物品， 它更成为一种政治斗争的工具。 在最近一波资本主义全球化的浪...

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1. Nestle bribed hospital staff to sell personal information.

In order to seize market share, they promoted Nestle milk powder and obtained citizens' information from medical staff by paying money and other means.

Nonsense makes sense.(2017).Nestle has done another illegal thing in China as the scandal over tainted milk powder continues.Available at:https://m.jiemian.com/article/1449517_qq.html
(Accessed:9 July 2023)

2.Snatch water  resources
In Pakistan, the problem of drought has been haunting the local people. Ignoring the public's urgent needs, Nestle has made Lahore's situation worse by pumping huge amounts of groundwater every year and snatching up water resources in the water-scarce city. Nestle has exploited resources in the region without taking into account the plight of the local people.

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为了达到推销奶粉的目的，雀巢（中国）有限公司的工作人员给兰州多家医院工作人员好处费，非法获取个人信息，进而触犯法律。

在澳洲销售的雀巢能恩奶粉刚刚卷入"有毒纳米门"，其在中国的一起官司也得到终审，原来为了推销自家奶粉，雀巢中国工作人员还曾非法买卖公民个人信息。当然，针对近日沸沸扬扬的澳洲奶粉或涉毒一事，尽管澳洲官方发公告表示无需担心奶粉的安全，然而该局却悄然删除官网一个重要信息，自己"打脸"实在是令人费解！
1、雀巢贿赂医院员工倒卖个人信息
据兰州晨报今日（7月5日）消息，为了达到推销奶粉的目的，雀巢（中国）有限公司的工作人员给兰州多家医院工作人员好处费，非法获取个人信息，进而触犯法律。

目前，该案由兰州中院日前作出终审判决：郑某、杨某等8名被告因侵犯公民个人信息罪被判刑，其中郑某被判有期徒刑1年6个月，缓刑2年，罚金4000元；孙某因情节轻微犯侵犯公民个人信息罪，被免予刑事处罚。

据了解，2011年至2013年9月，郑某、杨某分别担任雀巢（中国）有限公司西北区婴儿营养部市务经理、兰州分公司婴儿营养部甘肃区域经理期间，为了抢占市场份额，推销雀巢奶粉，授意该公司兰州分公司婴儿营养部员工杨某某、李某某、杜某某、孙某通过拉关系、支付好处费等手段，多次从兰州大学第一医院、兰州兰石医院等多家医院医务人员手中非法获取公民个人信息。

其中，郑某自2012年2月开始，通过上述手段，非法获取公民个人信息40507条。杨某自2011年开始，非法获取公民个人信息 45659条。其余多人各自获取不同信息。

其间，王某某利用其担任兰州大学第一医院妇产科护师的便利，将其在工作中收集的公民个人信息2074条非法提供给被告人杨某某、孙某，收取好处费13610元。医务人员丁某某等人利用其担任医院妇产科护师的便利，也将在工作中收集的公民个人信息非法提供给销售人员，收取好处费。2014年1月6日11时许，西安市公安局高新分局唐延路派出所将网上逃犯郑某抓获。此后多名被告人主动到公安机关接受讯问。

2016年10月31日，城关区法院一审认为，雀巢（中国）有限公司郑某、杨某、孙某等6人以非法方式获取公民个人信息，情节严重；医院王某某、丁某某等3人违反国家规定，将本单位在履行职责或者提供服务过程中获得的公民个人信息，出售或者非法提供给他人，情节严重，9人行为均已构成侵犯公民个人信息罪。杨某、孙某等人经公安机关电话通知后，主动到案，如实供述自己的罪行，属自首，依法可从轻处罚。

依法宣判后，被告人提起上诉。兰州市中院审理终审裁定：驳回上诉，维持原判。

其实，为争夺中国宝宝第一口奶，外资奶粉在中国确实"不遗余力"。2015年，美国证监会就曾因此对美赞臣罚款1203万美元。但是从目前来看，雀巢似乎幸免于此。

近日，有关澳洲在售奶粉或"涉毒"的消息让喜爱代购洋品牌的中国妈妈揪心不已。

原来"地球之友"日前发布了一份报告，称其委托美国亚利桑那州立大学（Arizona State University）检测了7款受欢迎的澳洲婴幼儿配方奶粉，结果发现其中5款含有"没有被批准用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中的纳米粒子"，其中雀巢能恩1段、佳思敏1段含有针状羟基磷灰石纳米微粒。报告称，这种针状羟基磷灰石纳米微粒已经被发现能导致小白鼠的肝肾细胞死亡，所以它们是"不得以任何形式用于澳洲婴幼儿配方奶粉"的。

地球之友称，"由于可能的毒性"，欧盟消费者安全科学委员会（SCCS）已表示这种形式的纳米不应被允许用于口腔产品，比如牙膏和漱口水。而消息称，有研究发现，这种颗粒并非天然，而是完全人工合成的。

"若牙膏含针状羟基磷灰石纳米微粒是危险的，它肯定就不应出现在婴儿配方奶粉里。"地球之友工作人员称。

事情发酵到今天，澳新当地监管部门以及企业都发了澄清说明，然而就这澄清说明，疑点来了！
疑点一：澳新监管局为何删信息？
针对地球之友的报告，澳洲新西兰食品标准管理局（FSANZ）在官网上迅速发布了一份公告，明确表示"婴幼儿的监护者们不必因这份报告而感到惊慌，也无需担忧这些奶粉的安全性"。该局发言人还表示，不同意欧盟的结论。

然而有意思的是，去年地球之友就曾做过类似研究和调查，中国国家质检总局也曾以《美研究发现婴儿配方奶粉中含有纳米成份原料》为标题简单公布过这一消息。

也就在彼时，FSANZ在其网站上发表了一篇文章，并且声称："纳米级羟基磷灰石，以及纳米二氧化钛和二氧化硅，不允作为添加剂或矿物质形态出现在或澳大利亚和新西兰婴儿配方食品中"。
（下图为媒体提供的当时的官网截图）
但是，时至今日，当此次美国亚利桑那州立大学对澳大利亚婴儿配方奶粉的研究结果发布时，FSANZ就删除了上述文章！

据Fairfax Media媒体的猜想，这个行为很可能和亚利桑那州立大学的研究结果有关，但FSANZ拒绝回答删除文章的原因，以及是否该行为代表对纳米级羟基磷灰石这种成分观点的改变。
疑点二：是否奶源有问题？
据澳洲当地媒体消息，此次被卷入"有毒门"的雀巢和佳思敏在接受采访时均表示，他们没有在婴幼儿配方奶粉中使用纳米技术或纳米粒子。

雀巢在澳洲的发言人表示，"针状纳米微粒可能是天然存在的，或者是（在生产过程中）附带产生的"。

精华食报撰稿人胡说有理注意到，此次被地球之友委托送检的7款产品中，毕竟还有同为1段的可瑞康、爱他美白金、A2白金等奶粉未检出针状羟基磷灰石纳米微粒。

也就是说，其他企业产品中没有针状羟基磷灰石纳米微粒，那么为何雀巢、佳思敏却不能做到？

另外，如果按照雀巢澳洲发言人的说法，这种物质是天然存在的或者是生产附带产生的，那么雀巢是不是应当先去调查牛吃的饲料问题、奶源问题，还有生产过程中哪个环节有问题？

目前来看，诚如转基因食品一样，这个针状羟基磷灰石纳米微粒到底是否有安全风险，外界是各执一词。反正胡说有理撰稿人精华食报个人一直坚持一个观点：既然这是个有争议的东西，而我们又不能确定这个东西是否有安全风险，那么谁又愿意将自己当做小白鼠试验品去尝试呢？

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奶粉"染毒"风波未平，雀巢在中国又干了件违法的事

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为了达到推销奶粉的目的，雀巢（中国）有限公司的工作人员给兰州多家医院工作人员好处费，非法获取个人信息，进而触犯法律。

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Nestle has faced criticism over its management of plastic waste. Although the company says it is committed to reducing the use of plastic waste and increasing the content of recyclable materials, organizations and the public have questioned its approach to the plastic problem and its actual effectiveness.

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Veja: This French brand produces trendy sneakers made from materials sourced from sustainable producers in Brazil and elsewhere. They use natural materials such as organic cotton, natural rubber, etc., and ensure the provenance of materials and the sustainability of the manufacturing process through a transparent production chain.
I think what they do well is to directly connect with local farmers to purchase raw materials, which directly guarantees the source of income for local farmers and prevents middlemen from earning the difference

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Meiqi Peng:She aims to design for our environment in a more responsible way. She combines fashion design, biotechnology and electronics to try to reuse and recycle waste from the fashion industry in the production process. Besides, she
And it gives this garment a second life.
What attracted me to her was that she invented a degradable waterproof textile, which changed the non-degradable shortcomings of traditional raincoats.

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This week, I think my speaking is a lot better than before. In the presentation, my word pronunciation and intonation are much better than before. I am very proud of myself. Although there is still a lot of progress to be made, I believe that as long as I do better week by week, I will be happy.

And in this week, we came into contact with the listening part. I always thought I was good at listening before, but through this week's listening practice, I found that my listening foundation was still weak and there were a little more wrong answers. So I need to spend more time on listening practice and try to make fewer mistakes in the upcoming listening test.