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a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph

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JPEG artifacts are caused by compression when an image is saved in the . jpg format

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When photographing an object that also has a pattern, the resulting moiré effect caused by the two patterns can distort the final image. The unique distortion caused by a moiré pattern is known as aliasing.

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the obtaining of posterlike reproductions having solid tones or colors and little detail from photographs or other continuous-tone originals by means of separation negatives

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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The APS-C is a type of image sensor used in digital photography. It's named after the Advanced Photo System, a film format from the mid-1990s and has since been discontinued.

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A full-frame sensor is most simply deﬁned by its sheer size – 36mm by 24mm – and the distinctive look it makes possible.

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The camera's image sensor is responsible for converting the light and color spectrum into electrical signals for the camera to convert into zeros and ones.

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“Crop factor” is the ratio of the sensor size to 35mm / full-frame (see below). You take the provided crop factor number, multiply it with the focal length of the lens and you get the equivalent focal length relative to 35mm film / full-frame.

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a byte is a unit of data that is eight binary digits long. A byte is the unit most computers use to represent a character such as a letter, number or typographic symbol. Each byte can hold a string of bits that need to be used in a larger unit for application purposes.

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They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted.

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Minimalist photography is a form of photography that is distinguished by extreme, austere simplicity. It emphasizes spareness and focuses solely on the smallest number of objects in the composition process.

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Pop art, short for "popular art," emerged in the mid-to-late-1950s as a movement influenced by American pop culture. It transforms portraits and everyday objects into colorful collages, comic book elements, duotone silhouettes, and often a mix of all of the above.

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The Avant-garde in photography are critical of existing aesthetic views. They reject conventional and established norms in photo-art or photo-method.

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the principles, ideals, or practice of producing fantastic or incongruous imagery or effects in art, literature, film, or theater by means of unnatural or irrational juxtapositions and combinations. Other Words from surrealism Example Sentences Learn More About surrealism.

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Appropriation is the intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of existing images and objects.

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Double exposure photography is a technique that layers two different exposures on a single image, combining two photographs into one. Double exposure creates a surreal feeling for your photos and the two photographs can work together to convey deep meaning or symbolism.

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Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects. Similar to still life painting, it is the application of photography to the still life artistic style.

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Commercial photography, or advertising photography, is used to promote and market products or services. Commercial photographers take pictures of products or subjects for a variety of commercial purposes. For commercial shoots, the photographer works within brand guidelines and an approved shot list.

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An aerial photograph, in broad terms, is any photograph taken from the air. Normally, air photos are taken vertically from an aircraft using a highly-accurate

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a graph that measures the brightness of an image by representing the frequency of each tone as a value on a bar chart

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brings together a selection of historic and contemporary works exploring and challenging our understanding of the medium of photography

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Catch light or catchlight is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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Curves provides more customized contrast control than Levels. Levels provides enhancement of contrast only by setting highlight and shadow points. Curves allows you to adjust contrast by setting and positioning control points along the entire tonal range.

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Levels is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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A ring light produces soft, direct light on a subject, minimizing shadows. When you take a photo using a ring light, place the camera lens in the center of the ring; this ensures that your subject is lit evenly from the direction of the camera.

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Tilt-shift photography is a creative and unique type of photography in which the camera is manipulated so that a life-sized location or subject looks like a miniature-scale model.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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The honeycomb grid is a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light. The aim is to create a focused beam with little diffusion.

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A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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A snoot is a tube that fits over a strobe or studio light to direct the light in a focused are and prevents light spill from getting into your shadows.

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A soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffused light by transmitting light through some scattering material, or by reflecting light off a second surface to diffuse the light.

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A monolight is a self-contained studio flash, typically but not always powered by an AC power source, which allows the

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An ambrotype is comprised of an underexposed glass negative placed against a dark background. The dark backing material creates a positive image.

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A Polaroid transfer, sometimes known as an image transfer, is a technique used to develop a peel-apart film picture on to a different material, like drawing paper. In a Polaroid transfer, the image is peeled apart prematurely and the negative is placed down on a desired material.

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photogravure involves using a photograph or negative to etch an image into a copper plate with light and chemicals, then printing it traditionally with ink on paper

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The cyanotype is a slow-reacting, economical photographic printing formulation sensitive to a limited near ultraviolet and blue light spectrum, the range 300 nm to 400 nm known as UVA radiation.

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Chlorophyll printing is an alternative photographic process where photographic images are developed on natural leaves through the action of photosynthesis.

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Split lighting is a lighting technique that lights up half of a subject's face while leaving the other half in a shadow, essentially “splitting” the face. This splitting effect is achieved by a light source that is perpendicular to the subject illuminating directly from one specific side.

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Rembrandt lighting is a technique utilizing one light and one reflector or two separate lights. It's a popular technique because it creates images that look both dramatic yet natural. It's predominantly characterized by a lit-up triangle underneath the subject's eye on the less illuminated area of the face (fill side).

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Loop lighting is a lighting pattern that creates a circular shadow on the subject's face just under the nose.

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Butterfly lighting is a lighting pattern used in portrait photography where the key light is placed above and pointing down on the subject's face. This creates a dramatic shadow under the nose and chin that looks like a butterfly.

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Broad lighting is a type of lighting photographers use primarily for portrait photography. In this lighting technique, light illuminates the broad side of the subject's face in front of the camera.

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Short lighting is a lighting technique used primarily in portrait photography in which the far side of a subject's face is lit relative to the camera. This leaves the near side of the face darker or entirely shadowed.

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A tintype, also known as melainotype or ferrotype, is an old style of photograph that creates a photographic image on a thin sheet of metal or iron that has been coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.

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A static shot in film is a shot that is devoid of camera movement. Also known as a locked-off shot, or an immobile shot. The frame can be filled with the movement of vehicles, characters, props, weather, etc, but the frame itself does not move in a static shot.

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Weight or balance are terms that refer to the visual impact of elements in your composition. The stronger an element's visual weight, the more it draws in the eye. To achieve a balanced composition, pay attention to the visual weight of the objects.

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Rendering or image synthesis is the process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model by means of a computer program. The resulting image is referred to as the render.

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In a linear perspective drawing, for instance, artists create the illusion of space to imply that the scene is three-dimensional. They do this by ensuring that some lines stretch to the vanishing point.

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the first completely abstract kind of photograph, composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors

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Scanography (also spelled scannography), more commonly referred to as scanner photography, is the process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD (charge-coupled device) array capturing device

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A photographic typology is a single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency. This consistency is usually found within the subjects, environment, photographic process, and presentation or direction of the subject.

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"New Topographics: Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape" was a groundbreaking exhibition of contemporary landscape photography held at the George Eastman House's International Museum of Photography from October 1975 to February 1976.

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Solargraphy is a specialised form of pinhole photography. It consists of applying long exposure times, from one or more days up to months or even years, thereby recording sun trails and other objects.

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Kelvin represents the temperature of light directly correlated with the color of the burning carbon at that temperature

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Subtractive lighting simply involves the blocking of unwanted natural light to create a natural three-dimensional quality to the lighting of people outside.

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Lighting ratio in photography refers to the comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas). The higher the lighting ratio, the higher the contrast of the image; the lower the ratio, the lower the contrast.

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An ICC profile is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device (or a color space) according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium (ICC)

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Flat light occurs due to the image being very evenly lit and id different to soft light versus hard light which is the transition of light from highlight to shadow.

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Chimping is a colloquial term used in digital photography to describe the habit of checking every photo on the camera display (LCD) immediately after capture.

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A nifty fifty is an excellent walk-around lens, ideal for capturing candid moments, making it a favourite for street photography

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It's short for a photographer. A Street Tog is slang for a street photographer.

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a messy layer palette in photoshop

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Appearance of print in which tone reproduction is low in contrast, lacking deep blacks or brilliant whites.

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Infrared photography refers to a special type of photography using films or sensors that have infrared light sensitivity. By using infrared light in a photograph one can add special effects, like false colors, to photographs.

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Simply put, composite photography is when a photographer uses two or more different images to create one new image. Composite photography can wear many different hats, so no matter what kind of photographer you are, you may be able to benefit from creating a composite.

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An ND filter acts like sunglasses would to your eyes, it blocks light coming into the lens like sunglasses blocks light coming into your eyes. ND stands for Neutral Density which means it blocks the light in a neutral way without changing the colour of the light.

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A CPL filter – which stands for circular polarizer/linear – is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces.

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Chromatic aberration, also known as color fringing, is a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph.

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Mirrorless cameras offer real-time previews of exposure and contrast. With mirrorless cameras, you can preview exposure and contrast settings right on the screen before you take your photos. DSLRs have an optical viewfinder, which enables the photographer to literally see through the camera lens in real time.

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Watermarking is the process of superimposing a logo or piece of text atop a document or image file, and it's an important process when it comes to both the copyright protection and marketing of digital works

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They are teeny, tiny specs of dust, deep in the heart of the camera. This dust enters the camera during times of transition and susceptibility, like when the photographer switches lenses or lingers to put the body cap back on after taking a lens off.

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mage clipping refers to the process of removing or separating specific elements within an image. Clipping can be used to remove an object in order to be placed in front of a coloured or a transparent background or even on another image. As a result, people, objects and backgrounds can be removed from the image.

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a fill light may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in average lighting and considered normal.

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A key light is the primary source of artificial light that a cinematographer uses when shooting a scene. The key light isn't a specific type of lighting equipment. It can be anything from a camera mounted flash unit to a lamp.

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Tethered photography is the process of tethering your camera to a computer, using a cable, so that you can see the photos as you take them.

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Clamshell lighting is when the photographer uses two frontal light sources to illuminate the subject, helping to minimize shadows and often giving a glowing effect.

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Doubleback lighting, which I also found to be called as “badger” lighting is a creative two-light setup that helps to emphasize shadows which adds angles to the face and body.

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High-key lighting results in brightly lit subjects with more fill light and softer shadows. Fill lights are used to increase the amount of ambient light in a scene and reduce the contrast.

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Low-key lighting is a type of lighting style used in photography, film, and television that accentuates shadows, high contrast, and dark tones. The visual aesthetic of low-key lighting is usually achieved by using hard sources or key lights with minimal to no fill light.

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Diffraction is an optical effect which limits the total resolution of your photography — no matter how many megapixels your camera may have. It happens because light begins to disperse or "diffract" when passing through a small opening

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IPS stands for In-Plane Switching. It uses liquid crystals to produce the richest colors imaginable. IPS monitors have shifting patterns of liquid crystals to create better viewing angles for photographs.Oct 12, 2021

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Anamorphic lenses compress images horizontally to capture an artificially widened field of view (FOV) with a standard 4:3 size sensor.

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This acronym means All The Gear, No Idea. It refers to people who are constantly upgrading their equipment to the latest camera bodies, lenses, and tripods, yet have no idea how to properly use any of them.

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hanges or transitions in a characteristic or quality of a part of an image e.g. its lightness, texture, density either wihin an area of the image or between one area and another.

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Professional photographers use a technique called focus stacking to portray multiple objects in focus on various focal planes in one sharp image where everything is in focus, essentially mimicking a greater depth of field without any loss of definition.

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The Sunny f16 rule states that, on sunny days, at an aperture of f/16, your shutter speed is the inverse of your ISO value.

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Alternative processes are often called historical, or non-silver processes. Most of these processes were invented over 100 years ago and were used by early photographers.

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Photography is the simultaneous recognition, in a fraction of a second, of the significance of an event as well as of a precise organisation of forms which give that event its proper expression.

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to have your camera set up in a fast burst mode, shooting several photos per second, and then to simply hold down the shutter button, hoping to capture the perfect image within the sequence.

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A toy camera is a simple, inexpensive film camera

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The style typically features apparently banal everyday subject matter and off-centered framing. Subject matter is often presented without apparent link from image-to-image and relying instead on juxtaposition and disjunction between individual photographs.

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The Sabatier effect, also known as pseudo-solarization (or pseudo-solarisation) and erroneously referred to as the Sabattier effect, is a phenomenon in photography in which the image recorded on a negative or on a photographic print is wholly or partially reversed in tone.

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Pictorialism is an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Femto-photography is a technique for recording the propagation of ultrashort pulses of light through a scene at a very high speed (up to 10¹³ frames per second).

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the word is being increasingly used to describe any photography that uses cheap and quirky cameras.

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An incident meter (sometimes called a bulb-meter) works by reading the intensity of the light that falls onto the subject, as opposed to reading the light reflected off of the subject as the reflective meter does. Usually, you take the reading from the position of the subject.

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Reflective metering measures the amount of light hitting the subject and bouncing back to the meter (which in many cases will be in your camera). It is affected by the color or brightness of the subject itself. So, if the subject is dark, less light bounces back to the meter.

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Push processing in photography, sometimes called uprating, refers to a film developing technique that increases the effective sensitivity of the film being processed. Push processing involves developing the film for more time, possibly in combination with a higher temperature, than the manufacturer's recommendations.