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Dyslexia is a brain-based learning disability that affects a person’s ability to read, so it is also called a reading disability

The brain has difficulty understanding/identifying speech sounds and/or how they connect to letters. The inability to connect sounds to letters makes it hard to decode words

Called the hidden disability because individuals can hide their struggles behind their strengths

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Most common difficulties with:

Decoding words

Reading fluency

Spelling

Fast responding with visual-verbal relations

More severe characteristics would include difficulty with reading comprehension

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Intelligent people cannot have dyslexia

Dyslexia does not mean you are not intelligent. A person can be very smart and still have a learning disability. They just have to find the best way for them to learn.

A dyslexic person cannot read

With the appropriate accommodations, individuals with  dyslexia can learn to read like everyone else.

Dyslexia is rare

20% of the population has dyslexia

Anyone who struggles with reading has dyslexia

There is countless reasons why someone may struggle with reading, best way to establish if it is dyslexia is with the proper assessments

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Some signs for dyslexia include:

Has difficulty with memorizing things such as colors or numbers

Reading below expected age level despite having good vision (naturally or with glasses)

Unable to sound out words

Needing excessive amounts of time to complete task that surround reading or writing

Assessment:

Once it has been established that student is having difficulty maintaining the appropriate progress for their age Response to Intervention or Multi-Tiered Systems of support will be implemented. The systems provide extra support to students to help eliminate the gap early on so they do not become drastically behind their peers.

If they do not begin to improve or progress where they need to be they can be evaluated even further. The school looks at their scores from tests and other data including assessments by professionals who specialize Specific Learning Disability. They assess:

Phonological awareness

Rapid automatic naming

Receptive vocabulary

Phonics skills

Decoding

Oral reading fluency

Spelling

Writing

Language-Based memory

Following assessments it determines if the student is eligible for Special Education services under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Throughout the process parents are communicated with

Students with dyslexia can be taught in general education along with individuals who do not have disabilities. They need adaptations/accommodations to their educations to have the same opportunities to succeed as the other students.

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Teachers can:

Give extra time on tests

Provide quiet space for testing

Repeat instructions to allow students with dyslexia time to process

Explain written instruction

Give small amounts of work at a time. The student will complete the same amount of work but the teacher breaking it down into increments will help the individual not feel overwhelmed

Verbal instructions that is accompanied by visual information helps

Keep a open communication with parents about progress

Build a relationship with students so that they can not feel pressured or scared to ask questions when need extra help

Students can:

Use text to speech technology to help with notes

Can take notes on laptop for autocorrect

Record lessons to hear again later

Make mnemoinic devices to help remember information

Be honest if they do not understand something right away.

Ask as many questions as they need or ask to be explained in a different manners

Remember that they are not in a social contest and they should not compare themselves. They are moving at their own pace and that is okay.

Families can:

Practice patience

Talk with the teachers on what to do at home to help

Research ways to help their child succeed

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The Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity has more information about dyslexia. They also provide a page for educators providing various articles. The articles have suggestions to help improve conditions for both the teacher and students.

https://dyslexia.yale.edu/resources/educators/instruction/

The Hill Learning Center in Durham, North Carolina specializes in learning disabilities. They provide tutoring and care to individuals with learning disabilities but also teaches educators. They train educators in understanding learning differences and how to accommodate and teach. They can train in general or specific subjects.

https://www.hillcenter.org/professional-learning/learning-differences-adhd/

The International Dyslexia Associations provides teaching programs that educators can take to increase their knowledge. The programs range from online, face-to-face, and hybrid. The association provides several different locations to choose from. Many can be taken online right from your own home.

https://dyslexiaida.org/accredited-teaching-training-programs/

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The Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity provides information about dyslexia. The information ranges to what is dyslexia to a specific page for parents. The parents page has several articles and a video linked providing resources and advice. The articles give a variety of tips on what to do to help the child succeed.

https://dyslexia.yale.edu/resources/parents/

Decoding Dyslexia North Carolina provides various resources for parents. They show parent support groups, multiple websites that provide more information on dyslexia, tutors/schools available, and books for children with learning differences.

https://decodingdyslexianc.org/parent-resources/

The Greenville Learning Center is non-profit center that provides half-day, after-school, or summer care for students with learning disabilities and/or Attention Deficit Disorder. They have been open for 20 years and they provide low student to teacher ratios.

https://greenvillelearningcenter.org/

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Decoding Dyslexia North Carolina . (2022, May 18). Parent resources. Decoding Dyslexia North Carolina. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://decodingdyslexianc.org/parent-resources/

Fairfax County School Board. (2017). Characteristics and signs of dyslexia. Characteristics and Signs of Dyslexia. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://www.fcps.edu/academics/academic-overview/special-education-instruction/high-incidence-disabilities-team-k-12-2#:~:text=The%20primary%20characteristics%20of%20dyslexia,%2C%20even%20common%20words%2C%20accurately.

Greenville Learning Center. (2022, February 10). Going beyond the walls of a classroom. Greenville Learning Center. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://greenvillelearningcenter.org/

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Hill Learning Center. (2022, September 27). Learning differences & ADHD - hill learning center. Hill Learning Center -. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://www.hillcenter.org/professional-learning/learning-differences-adhd/

International Dyslexia Association . (2022, September 27). Independent teacher training programs accredited by Ida. International Dyslexia Association. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://dyslexiaida.org/accredited-teaching-training-programs/

International Dyslexia Association. (2019, December 2). Accommodating students with dyslexia in all classroom settings. Reading Rockets. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://www.readingrockets.org/article/accommodating-students-dyslexia-all-classroom-settings

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Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022,

August 6). Dyslexia. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyslexia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353552

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Dyslexia. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dyslexia

The Yale Center For Dyslexia & Creativity . (2022). Dyslexia FAQ. Yale Dyslexia. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/dyslexia-faq/

The Yale Center For Dyslexia & Creativity . (2022). Instruction. Yale Dyslexia. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://dyslexia.yale.edu/resources/educators/instruction/

The Yale Center For Dyslexia & Creativity . (2022). Parents. Yale Dyslexia. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://dyslexia.yale.edu/resources/parents/