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Addison’s disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough of certain hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, blood pressure, and the body’s response to stress. John F. Kennedy had the Addison's disease.

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Cushing's disease is a condition caused by an excess of the hormone cortisol in the body. This usually happens due to a tumor in the pituitary gland that increases the production of cortisol. One famous person who had Cushing's disease is Harvey Cushing, the American neurosurgeon named after the disease.

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). This can lead to symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and bulging eyes. Someone famous who had Grave's disease is former First Lady Barbara Bush.

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Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). This can cause symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Someone famous for having Hashimoto's disease is Gigi Hadid, the model.

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Gigantism is a rare condition caused by an overproduction of growth hormones during childhood, leading to excessive growth in height and size. It often results from a benign tumor on the pituitary gland. Symptoms include rapid growth, joint pain, and delayed puberty. Someone famous who had gigantism is Robert Wadlow, known as the tallest person in recorded history.

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Dwarfism is a medical condition characterized by short stature, typically resulting from genetic or medical conditions that affect bone growth. The most common form is achondroplasia, which leads to disproportionately short limbs. Someone famous who has dwarfism is Peter Dinklage, an actor known for his role as Tyrion Lannister in "Game of Thrones."

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Prolactinoma is a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that produces too much prolactin, leading to symptoms like irregular menstrual periods in women and decreased libido in men. Someone who has had this disease is Kristin Chenoweth.

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Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. It can cause symptoms like a lump in the neck, trouble swallowing, and voice changes. Treatment often involves surgery, radiation, and sometimes chemotherapy. Someone famous who had thyroid cancer is Sofia Vergara, the actress known for her role in "Modern Family."

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A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, often visible as a swelling in the neck. It can be caused by iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases, or other thyroid disorders. Symptoms may include a noticeable lump, difficulty swallowing, and breathing issues. Someone famous who had a goiter is former U.S. President George H.W. Bush.

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Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to a slow metabolism. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy. Someone famous who had hypothyroidism is Oprah Winfrey, the media mogul and television host.

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Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to an accelerated metabolism. Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and nervousness. Treatment options include medication, radioactive iodine, and sometimes surgery. Someone famous who had hyperthyroidism is Missy Elliott, the renowned rapper and singer.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production. Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and fatigue. Management requires lifelong insulin therapy and careful monitoring of blood sugar levels. Someone famous who has Type 1 diabetes is Nick Jonas, the singer and member of the Jonas Brothers band.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition where the body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Management often involves lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring blood sugar levels. Someone famous who has Type 2 diabetes is Tom Hanks, the acclaimed actor known for his roles in films like "Forrest Gump" and "Cast Away."

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. Symptoms include weight gain, acne, and excessive hair growth. Management often involves lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes fertility treatments. Someone famous who has PCOS is Victoria Beckham, the fashion designer and former member of the Spice Girls.