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7 Life Processes:

1）Movement 移動

2）Respiration 呼吸

3）Sensitivity 感度

4）Growth 成長/生長

5）Reproduction 生殖/再生

6）Excretion 排泄

7）Nutrition 營養

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species 物種

Definition 定義：a group of organisms 生物that can reproduce生殖to produce fertile (可以生殖) offspring 下一代

species can be classified 分類 into groups by the features 特徵that they share

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Binomial system 二項式系統

classification 分類

“Genus” 屬 “Species” 物種

字體都是斜的

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5 kingdoms (first division of living things in classification system) 分類

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5 kingdoms (first division of living things in classification system) 分類

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animals 动物

plants 植物

fungi 真菌

protoctists 原生生物

prokaryotes 原核生物

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a vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord 脊髓 surrounded by cartilage 软骨 or bone 骨

an invertebrates is any organism 生物 that does not have a backbone 骨干

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multicellular (多細胞)

their cell contain a nucleus but NO cell walls or chloroplasts

they feed on organic substances made by other living things

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multicellular (多細胞）

their cell contain a nucleus 核, chloroplasts叶绿体 and cellulose cell walls 纤维素细胞壁

they all feed by photosynthesis (靠光合作用進食）

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mammals 哺乳动物

birds 鸟类

reptiles 爬行动物

amphibians 两栖动物

fish 鱼

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mollusks 软体动物

annelids 环节动物

nematodes 线虫

arthropods 节肢动物

insects 昆虫

crustaceans 甲壳类动物

arachnids 蛛形纲动物

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dead pathogen 病原

(vaccine) injected 注入 / swallowed 吞下

memory cells 记忆细胞

active immunity 主动免疫

rapid immune response / if exposed to same pathogen 接触相同的病原体

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slope 斜度

peak 顶峰 (highest point 最高点)

increase 增加 / decrease 减少 over time 随着时间

graph line becomes horizontal 图形线变成水平线 > stays constant 保持不变

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fur/hair on skin 皮肤上的毛皮/毛发

have a placenta 胎盘

young feed on milk from mammary glands 乳腺

external ears visible 外耳可见

endothermic 吸热的

examples 例子:

horse 马

dog 狗

squirrel 松鼠

human 人类

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skin covered in feathers 羽毛

have 2 legs and 2 wings 翅膀 instead of forelimbs

lay eggs with hard shells on land 在陆地上产下有硬壳的蛋

have a beak 喙

endothermic 吸热的

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dry 干燥, fixed 固定的 scales 鳞

lay eggs with rubbery shells on land 在陆地上产下带有橡胶壳的蛋

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smooth光滑的, moist 潮湿 skin皮肤

adults usually live on land 成年人通常生活在陆地上 (have lungs 肺), larvae 幼虫 live on water 在水上生活

lay eggs without shells in water 在水中产下没有壳的蛋

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loose 疏松, wet 湿的 scales鳞 on skin 皮肤

gills 鳃 to breathe 呼吸

lay eggs 产卵 without shells 无壳 in water 在水中