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This paper examines historical and current practices for harvesting common reed in Romania's Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. It emphasizes the need for innovative technologies, such as AI-driven machinery, to improve efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. Sustainable harvesting is proposed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide economic benefits for local communities

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The report explores reed harvesting from wetlands in Ukraine, focusing on its use as a sustainable bioenergy source. A pilot project in the Poltava region shows that harvesting reed, a highly productive wetland plant, can meet sustainability standards like NTA8080 while also supporting biodiversity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The project found that reed biomass is viable for domestic heating and possibly for export, with up to 86% GHG savings. Stakeholder engagement was key, leading to support from local communities and long-term agreements with villages. Best practices, such as selective harvesting and preserving biodiversity areas, help ensure environmental protection and social benefits.

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This study explores how environmental factors, such as nutrient availability and water clarity, influence reed growth productivity. It provides statistical models to predict biomass yield, which can guide sustainable management practices

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Influence of Different Factors on Productivity of Reed Growths

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This study explores the biology and ecological role of the common reed (Phragmites australis), a widely distributed wetland plant. It highlights the plant’s ability to grow in various soil and water conditions due to its strong clonal diversity and adaptability. The reed contributes to ecosystem health by supporting wildlife, purifying water, and preventing soil erosion. It also has economic value, being used for animal feed, energy production, construction, and traditional medicine. However, the study emphasizes the need for proper management to prevent its overgrowth and protect biodiversity.

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This study explores the biology and ecology of giant reed (Arundo donax), an invasive plant widely spread in California's riparian areas. It grows quickly through vegetative reproduction, especially after flooding, and can outcompete native species while increasing fire risk. Research shows that both stems and rhizomes sprout easily, making mechanical control difficult without proper timing and disposal. Chemical methods, particularly glyphosate, are most effective when applied in late summer or early fall. The study highlights that successful management requires a combination of mechanical, chemical, and ecological approaches tailored to local conditions.

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This study explores the carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis, an invasive reed commonly found in North American wetlands. It highlights how the plant’s fast growth, large biomass, and ability to thrive in high nitrogen and CO₂ conditions allow it to store significantly more carbon than native wetland plants. Despite its benefits, P. australis also harms biodiversity, displacing native species and disrupting ecosystems, which raises challenges for wetland management. The research suggests that while complete eradication is costly and often ineffective, controlled management may help balance its carbon storage capacity with ecological preservation. Therefore, understanding the plant’s role in carbon capture is crucial to developing future climate strategies that use natural solutions alongside technological ones.

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This study explores carbon storage in coastal reed ecosystems, focusing on Phragmites australis in the Pojo Bay area of Finland. Researchers sampled reed beds across different zones (terrestrial, intermittent, and littoral) and found higher organic matter in the upper sediment layers, especially in terrestrial and intermittent zones. These results highlight the reed’s strong potential for carbon sequestration in both plant biomass and sediment. Understanding this is important for improving coastal carbon budget estimates and climate change strategies. Future research will monitor seasonal changes and include carbon isotope and methane emission analysis for a deeper understanding of carbon cycling.

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This study explores carbon loss through ecosystem respiration in a restored Phragmites australis (common reed) wetland in northeast China. It shows that plant respiration contributes around 70% of total CO₂ emissions during the growing season, especially when the wetland is flooded. Soil respiration increases when the soil is not flooded, highlighting the role of water levels in controlling greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers found that plant respiration decreases as the reed grows older, and harvesting the plant can increase CO₂ emissions. A simple model was created to estimate total ecosystem respiration using biomass, temperature, and water level, helping to manage wetlands for climate benefits.

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This study explores the potential of Portuguese reed (Arundo donax) as a natural thermal insulation material in buildings. It shows that reed has good physical properties, including low moisture content and stable dimensions, similar to materials like bamboo and eucalyptus. The thermal tests confirmed that reed boards meet Portuguese standards for insulation, making them suitable for use in energy-efficient construction. However, the study found that reed is prone to mould under high humidity and temperature, although such conditions are rare in most parts of Portugal. Overall, reed is seen as an eco-friendly, low-cost, and locally available option for sustainable building insulation.

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This study explores the use of common reed fiber (CRF) as a sustainable material in cement mortar mixtures for construction. It shows that adding CRF reduces the unit weight of the mixture and increases both porosity and water absorption due to the fiber’s natural properties. While CRF alone does not improve compressive or flexural strength, combining it with steel fiber creates a synergistic effect that enhances these mechanical properties. The thermal conductivity of the CRF mixtures is lower, suggesting potential energy savings in buildings. Therefore, CRF can be a useful, eco-friendly construction material when properly combined with other reinforcements.

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This study explores the development of sustainable reed-based composite fiber boards using formaldehyde- and isocyanate-free resins. It shows that multi-annual reed, a low-cost material from Dutch conservation areas, can be used as a raw material for producing eco-friendly particle boards. New bio-based resins, especially oligoesters, performed well under industrial conditions, meeting standard requirements for strength and bonding. The results indicate that these boards offer a safer and greener alternative to traditional ones made with toxic resins like pMDI. This research supports the potential for setting up local board production in the Netherlands using readily available reed biomass.

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This study explores the use of nanocellulose made from reed stalks to improve the quality of paper used for food packaging. The researchers developed an eco-friendly method using alkaline extraction and organosolv cooking to produce pulp, followed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation to create nanocellulose. Applying this nanocellulose to the surface of paper samples increased their strength and reduced water absorption. The paper met standard requirements for food packaging, even when 50% of the expensive softwood pulp was replaced with waste paper. The results show that reed-based nanocellulose is a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to harmful polymer additives.

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This study explores the development of a sustainable cellulose aerogel made from common reed (Phragmites australis) for cleaning up crude oil spills. The reed was processed using Kraft pulping and eco-friendly bleaching methods to extract high-quality cellulose, which was then transformed into aerogel through freeze-drying. The resulting material, modified with MTMS for hydrophobicity, had low density, high porosity, and could absorb 35 times its weight in crude oil. It also showed strong thermal stability and the ability to separate oil from water quickly and effectively. The study shows that reed-based aerogel is a low-cost, eco-friendly solution for oil spill clean-up with high potential for commercial use.

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This study explores when reed biomass applications can be considered sustainable by evaluating various alternatives using multi-criteria analysis (MCA). The research highlights energy and construction sectors as the most promising areas for reed use, especially for producing pellets, thatched roofs, and insulation panels. Sensitivity and commercialization analysis confirmed that reed pellets are the most stable option, while thatched roofs offer the highest market potential in Latvia. However, social and economic indicators were found to have less influence compared to technological and environmental factors. The study recommends combining top alternatives in a biorefinery model to increase resource efficiency and support circular economy goals.

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As a student: you can join this hackathon, by emailing Paula Linderbäck and/or writing your name here as a comment. We plan to have an information session on August (online) and Kick off (at Arcada) preliminary 2/9 at 14-17.

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3D printing of natural fiber and composites-A state-of-the-art review

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Next-generation materials. Reducing carbon footprint by at least 40%, often up to 90%. CO2 reduction by our clients from using sustainable material.

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Biggest 3D printing farm in Finland Aalto University’s Innovative Workshop

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Finland’s largest 3D printing workshop is at Espoo’s Aalto University School of Arts and Design, where a total of 35 UltiMaker 3D printers are in use.