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(a)

3 trophic levels

Tree -> Elephant -> Vulture

4 trophic levels

Grass -> Zebra -> Hyena -> Lion

5 trophic levels

Grass -> Grasshopper -> Meerkat -> Hyena -> Lion

Producers: (plants)

Produce glucose (food containing chemical energy) through photosynthesis

Main source of all energy on earth: The Sun

Primary consumer:

Organism that consumes producer. Herbivores tend to be primary consumers.

Secondary consumer:

Organism that consumes primary consumer

Tertiary consumer:

Organism that consumers the secondary consumers

Carnivores can be secondary or tertiary consumers.

Omnivores can serve as primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumers, depending on the food chain, and the organism that they consume.

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a) grass -> ant -> pangolin

tree -> giraffe -> cheetah -> vulture

grass -> warthog -> black panther -> hyena -> lion

b)

producers -> does not consume anything

primary consumer -> a herbivore

secondary consumer -> likely carnivores

tertiary consumer -> carnivores

omnivores should be secondary consumers

c)

they are detritivores and are counted as a decomposer. They eat from waste from other animals.

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a)

Grass-> Topi -> Lion

Tree-> Giraffe-> Cheetah -> Vulture

Grass -> Termite -> aardvark -> Hyena -> Lion

b)

producer -> Produce food at the beginning of the food web

primary consumer -> consumes the producer, typically a herbivore

Secondary consumer -> Consumes the primary consumer, typically a carnivore

Tertiary consumer -> Consumes the secondary consumer, typically a carnivores and the last in the food chain.

Example: Tree(producer) -> Giraffe (Primary consumer) -> Cheetah (secondary consumer) -> Vultrure -> Tertiary consumer

Omnivores are typically the secondary consumers.

c)

The role of a dung beetle is to collect and consume the feces animals. They get their energy from the nutrients found in the feces.

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grass to topi to lion

grass to grasshopper to Merket to hyena to lion

grass to shrubs to ants to hyena to lion

producer : Producers create their own food through photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy.

primary consumer :Primary consumers eat producers to gain energy.

secondary consumer :Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers.

tertiary consumer :Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers and are often apex predators.

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(a) 3 trophic - tree --> elephant --> vulture

4 trophic - tree --> giraffe --> cheetah --> vulture

5 trophic - grass --> shrubs --> ants --> aardvark --> hyena --> lion

(b) producer - produce food for primary consumer to consume

primary consumer --> consumes producer (herbivores)

secondary consumer --> consumes primary consumer and producer (omnivores, carnivores)

tertiary consumer --> consumes secondary consumer and primary consumer (carnivores)

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a)

Apple --> Worm --> Bird

Plants --> Aphids --> Ladybugs --> Spider

Grass --> Grasshoppers --> Bluebird --> Snake --> Owl --> Decomposers (bacteria & fungi) --> Grass

b) The producer begins the food chain by absorbing light energy and converting it to chemical energy. The primary consumer only consumes the producer, is often a herbivore and is normally the population of animals that is highest in the food chain. The secondary consumer consumes the primary consumers and are then consumed by the tertiary consumer. The tertiary consumer is the apex predator of the food chain, meaning that it consumes the secondary consumer and maybe some primary consumers. The tertiary consumers normally have the smallest population size in the food chain.

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3) grass - ant - pangolin

4)grass-grasshoper-meerket-hyena

5)grass-termite-aardvark-hyena-lion

B)

producers - the one that starts the food chain does not pray on anything.

primary consumers - only consumes producers most likely plant

secondary consumers - carnivores

teriary consumer - dominates the area eats anything

C)dung beetle helps producer produce food for others .

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A population study of the lion and gazelle is conducted by some zoologists is done over a period of many months.

Using their data, they plotted their results in the graph shown above.

(a) What is the relationship that the lion and the gazelle share?

(b) Explain the trends that are shown by the graph above.

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(a) Construct a food chain based on the food web that is shown in the diagram with

3 trophic levels

4 trophic levels

5 trophic levels

(b) Explain what are the roles of "producer", "primary consumer", "secondary consumer", and "tertiary consumer".

Among the consumers roles stated above, which of the consumers are herbivores and carnivores.

Provide examples using one of the food chains above.

Extension: Where will you classify the omnivores?

(c) What is the role of the dung beetle in the food web above? How do they obtain their energy?

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The gazelle (e.g., Thomson’s gazelle, Eudorcas thomsonii) is a swift, herbivorous mammal found in the African savanna. Known for its speed and agility, it relies on keen senses and quick reflexes to evade predators. Gazelles graze on grasses and shrubs, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem.

One of their primary predators is the lion (Panthera leo), a powerful carnivore and apex predator. Lions rely on teamwork to hunt, often targeting weaker or slower gazelles. This predator-prey interaction maintains ecological balance, controlling herbivore populations and ensuring healthy vegetation.

The lion-gazelle relationship exemplifies the struggle for survival in the savanna, where speed and strategy determine life and death.

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Pride of Lions Pounce On Springbok At Water Hole | Our World

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Another food web was constructed by a company, which introduces other types of organisms which fulfil other roles (e.g., dung beetle, bacteria, fungi)

(a) What roles do the dung-rolling beetle, bacteria and fungi play in the ecosystem?

(b) Why are these organisms usually not classified in most food webs?