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As a nurse, being culturally competent when caring for a postpartum mother and family is critical. I believe more education and effort can be implemented from healthcare providers to be more culturally inclusive during birthing practices and beliefs. Mother's should feel comfortable during their birthing and postpartum journey in order to foster a positive experience. By being culturally competent, the supporting team can gain a thorough understanding and respect for the patient's unique needs, traditions, and preferences that each mother brings with her. This also improves health outcomes for mother and baby.

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I chose this topic to emphasize the importance of nurses advocating for patients with mental health disorders, particularly those that have experienced negative attitudes or have been stereotyped. Many mental health patients feel embarrassed, weak, or unpredictable due to the inaccurate beliefs of society. Others often categorize people with poor mental health as dangerous which presents as discrimination and social isolation. Nurses can help by providing education and raising awareness about the realities of mental, advocate for patient rights, and by providing a safe environment.

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I chose this topic to highlight NURS-2021 maternal/child placement. I got to provide care for multiple postpartum mothers while they were in a vulnerable state, experiencing new feelings and emotions. New mothers are expected to recover physically while adjusting to new roles and coping with the hormonal shifts, radiating resilience. It takes a strong human to go through a process like childbirth and postpartum recovery.

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I created a pic collage that brought together the many different aspects of a postpartum journey. For example, mothers being happy and holding their own baby for the first time, but also recognizing the difficult emotions, medications, and body changes that come along with it. I also added flowers to represent growth, as during the recovery process mothers are changing and adapting to their new reality, creating a stronger person. The transition to motherhood puts mothers in a vulnerable position where they may endure unfamiliar intense emotions.

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This quote supports the concept of how postpartum and the changes that come along with it, allow mothers to become a new and stronger person. The journey is not always perfect, but in the end it makes one stronger and is something that should be embraced. Often, mother's feel insecure or uncertain during postpartum, but I believe it is a time for profound transformation, growth, and discovery.

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Artifact #3- My experience as a nursing student

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Artifact #3- My experience as a nursing student

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This photo represents the role of being a nursing student on the maternal/child unit. I am thankful for the experience and opportunities to provide care for postpartum mothers while they are vulnerable. I did my best to provide intentional care based on the patients' needs and wants, offering compassion and empathy to create a space where mothers felt comfortable expressing their emotions.

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I believe finding effective forms of communication while providing care for mental health patients is essential. Each patient has different thought processes, use of words, tones, etc. The first step to effective communication is building a therapeutic relationship and identifying the patient's form of communication. This can help nurses build trust and a safe environment. As part of the "art of nursing", nurses engage in compassionate, supportive, and professional relationships, important to psychiatric care where it is the foundation for healing (Open RN, 2022).

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This photo visually represents that by building a therapeutic relationship and gaining a thorough understanding of a patient, one can learn to understand how their brain works, thought processes, and how they tend to communicate. In mental health nursing, patients minds are unique and complex, and can take intentional effort to learn about them. By being patient and kind, with time patient's are likely to open up and express their needs.

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Using a person-centred approach is vital to finding effective communication techniques. Communicating and caring for a patient in a way that reflects their personal values, beliefs, and feelings can contribute to the therapeutic nurse-client relationship, but also improve physical and mental outcomes. Patient-centered communication reflects the important nursing value that care must be individualized and responsive to patient health concerns, beliefs, and contextual variables (Kwame & Petrucka, 2021).

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Artifact #1- Becoming a Culturally Competent Nurse

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Artifact #1- Becoming a Culturally Competent Nurse

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The first step to become culturally competent for new mothers is to understand what being culturally competent nurse is, which can be shown in this video presented by Johnson & Johnson Nursing (2019). The speaker expresses that in nursing, being culturally competent involves being extremely acceptant and extremely open to patient's needs, preferences, and beliefs. She shared a personal experience that reinforced the significance of inquiring about cultural beliefs with patients to foster understanding and raise awareness.

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This Tedtalk by Sarkis (2020) is a great source that provides education on mental health and defines stigma for viewers. She gives examples on what stigma may look like in mental health. For example, a statement that stood out to me was society believing people with mental health issues can just "snap out of it" (TED, 2020). Mental health is a serious condition that is complex, highlighting a common misconception and reinforcing harmful stereotypes.

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Stop the Stigma: Why it's important to talk about Mental Health | Heather Sarkis | TEDxGainesville

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1. Postpartum Care of the New Mother: Lopez-Gonzalez, D., & Kopparapu, A. Postpartum Care of the New Mother. (2022). StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565875/

2. Postpartum Depression and Maternal Care: Exploring the Complex Effects on Mothers and Infants: Saharoy, R., Potdukhe, A., Wanjari, M., & Taksande, A. B. (2023). Postpartum Depression and Maternal Care: Exploring the Complex Effects on Mothers and Infants. Cureus, 15(7), e41381. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41381

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Artifact #2- Cultural Practices in Postpartum Care

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Artifact #2- Cultural Practices in Postpartum Care

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Being a cultural competent nurse is recognizing that different communities may have specific health practices in postpartum care. A common example is herbal medicine, a natural way to support new mothers physically and emotionally after childbirth to help promote recovery. A nurse should make an effort to understand the reasoning for the family's unique practices by asking open-ended questions and ensure that the patient feels supported and safe. Cultural competence includes understanding that providing care is not only about treating physical symptoms, but also meets patients cultural, social, and religous needs (Swihart et al., 2023).

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Podcast Part One- Strength and Growth of Postpartum Mothers

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Podcast Part One- Strength and Growth of Postpartum Mothers

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The song Breathe Me by Sia, highlights the feeling of being alone and afraid when dealing with mental health issues. In the song, the writer expresses a need and want to reach out for help, but not knowing how (Sia, 2004). This is commonly seen in real life situations, as people with mental health issues may feel society is not there to help or support them as a result of judgement and stigma.

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As seen in this photo, the girl turns their back to society and is visually upset. This is a visual representation of how society can project their negative words and feelings onto others, leading to their isolation. For someone struggling with mental health issues, they feel as though they are alone and have no one to reach out to as a result of others harsh attributes. This ultimately worsens their condition and is a risk factor for reduced quality of life and even mortality (Brandt et al., 2022). Nurses can help by advocating for these patients and prevent any adverse outcomes.

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1. Optimizing Communication With the Anxious Patient: Stubbe D. E. (2017). Alleviating Anxiety: Optimizing Communication With the Anxious Patient. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 15(2), 182–184. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20170001

2. Psychiatric Nurses’ Lived Experiences of Communication with Mental Health Patients: Donner, L., & Wiklund Gustin, L. (2020). Navigating between Compassion and Uncertainty – Psychiatric Nurses’ Lived Experiences of Communication with Patients Who Rarely Speak. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 42(4), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1793246

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1. Understanding and Addressing Mental Health Stigma: Ahad, A. A., Sanchez-Gonzalez, M., & Junquera, P. (2023). Understanding and Addressing Mental Health Stigma Across Cultures for Improving Psychiatric Care: A Narrative Review. Cureus, 15(5), e39549. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39549

2. Advocacy in Mental Health: Saha G. (2021). Advocacy in mental health. Indian journal of psychiatry, 63(6), 523–526. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_901_21

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1. Providing culturally safe maternal care and affecting factors: Jones, E., Lattof, S.R. & Coast, E. Interventions to provide culturally-appropriate maternity care services: factors affecting implementation. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17, 267 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1449-7

2. Cultural Influences on Labor and Delivery Practices: Rugumisa, B. (2024). Cultural Influences on Labor and Delivery Practices. IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/1200215

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During my NURS-2021 mental health placement I got the opportunity to learn and observe crisis interventions used on patients. I got to see how effective the interventions can be when using the appropriate technique. If a patient is in an immediate crisis, strategies and techniques can be used to de-esculate the situation and to prevent the crisis from worsening. It was amazing to see the results and improvement seen in the patient after an intervention. Therefore, I believe learning more about the different types of crisis interventions when to use them is crucial in enhancing patient care and creating positive outcomes in mental health nursing.

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Artifact #1- What a Crisis Can Look Like

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Artifact #1- What a Crisis Can Look Like

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This photo represents the idea of crisis' manifesting differently depending on the patient, their experiences, coping mechanisms, and how they express emotions. As illustrated in this photo, in a crisis one might isolate and curl up, when another person may be agressive and loud. This is important to consider when choosing an intervention and to also ensure strategy is tailored to the patient's needs.

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Artifact #2- The Importance of De-escalation Techniques 

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Artifact #2- The Importance of De-escalation Techniques 

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This photos represents the importance of de-escalation in mental health patients. De-escalation strategies have the ability to alleviate intense emotions and symptoms a patient may be experiencing in a crisis. A common practice is breathing exercises to centre the patient and reduce anxiety or panic. By utilizing de-escalation strategies, nurses can build trust with the patient, prevent aggression, and promote a therapeutic environment.

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Artifact #3- Resource for Crisis Interventions and When to Use Them

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Artifact #3- Resource for Crisis Interventions and When to Use Them

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This resources provides multiple effective crisis interventions that nurses can utilize. It also provides information on how you can use crisis interventions during the different stages in a therapeutic relationship, for example, initial, high-tension situations, introducing new topics, and stagnant periods (Ramirez, 2024). This is important as all strategies may not work for every patient and during the same time or situation.

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Crisis Intervention Techniques are designed to help people cope with an immediate crisis, such as a traumatic event or another emotionally and physically intense scenario. By recognizing and addressing the needs of someone in distress, these techniques can protect individuals from harm and help them gain control over the situation.

In this guide, we'll discuss some of the most commonly used Crisis Intervention Techniques and how they can be applied to help people manage a crisis. We'll also provide example worksheets you can use to better support clients in need.

What are Crisis Interventions Techniques?

Crisis intervention is a solution-focused psychological treatment to help people manage and stabilize crises. It is often implemented within the first 48 hours of an individual's or group's experience of distress, trauma, or emergency. This intervention focuses on helping people identify their symptoms and behavior patterns, assess their current situation, and develop a plan to manage the crisis.

Crisis Intervention Techniques are varied and can be adapted for different crises. These include techniques such as reality testing, active listening, problem-solving, empathic responding, providing support, and offering resources. The goals are to help the individual or group recognize a crisis and intervene to minimize disruption, distress, and danger.

However, crisis intervention is not intended to be a long-term treatment, nor should it replace more comprehensive therapies. Instead, its purpose is to intervene quickly and provide support for the individual or group to return them to a more stable state.

Why are they helpful?

Crisis Intervention Techniques can provide individuals and groups in crisis with the necessary tools to manage their emotions and work through their difficulties. They can also be used to recognize warning signs of potential crises, enabling those at risk to take steps to prevent them from occurring.

Here are some of the other advantages of using Crisis Intervention Techniques:

Provide a space for people to discuss complex topics

Crisis Intervention Techniques can provide an opportunity to process and explore complex topics in a safe, non-judgmental environment. This allows people to talk openly and honestly about their feelings without fear or shame.

Encourage problem-solving

You can use these techniques to help individuals find constructive solutions for resolving their issues. By exploring different strategies and hypotheticals, those in crisis can often find new ways to approach their problems.

Reduce guilt or shame

Crisis Intervention Techniques may help reduce feelings of guilt or shame that can be associated with difficult topics. By talking openly and honestly about their issues, your clients may better understand their feelings and begin to take steps to address them.

Create better relationships

These techniques can also help to create more robust and healthier relationships between those in crisis and their support system. Through open dialogue and constructive feedback, individuals can learn to better communicate their needs and those of their loved ones, which can help create an environment of trust and respect.

Facilitate healthy decision-making

Crisis Intervention Techniques can assist individuals to make better decisions in difficult situations. By helping individuals to look at the pros and cons, weigh options, and explore potential consequences, they can gain a greater insight into their current problems and make more informed decisions.

10 Crisis Interventions Techniques and Exercises

Crisis Intervention Techniques are designed to be both proactive and reactive to provide the most effective support possible. Proactive techniques involve prevention and building resilience, while reactive techniques focus on the immediate stabilization of an individual in crisis. Using both approaches, people can more effectively reduce distress, develop coping skills, build social connections, and move towards wellness.

Here are some techniques and exercises you can utilize to help clients in a crisis:

Active listening

Active listening involves giving undivided attention to the person in crisis and demonstrating empathy and understanding. It includes maintaining eye contact, nodding to show comprehension, and providing verbal or nonverbal cues that indicate genuine interest. Active listening allows clients to express their feelings and thoughts, fostering a supportive and non-judgmental environment.

Calming strategies

Crises often involve heightened emotions, anxiety, or panic. Calming strategies are Crisis Intervention Techniques that help individuals regulate their emotions and reduce stress. Examples of calming strategies include deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, visualization techniques, or engaging in activities that promote relaxation, such as listening to soothing music or taking a warm bath.

Safety planning

This technique is crucial when dealing with crises involving self-harm or suicidal ideation. It involves developing a comprehensive plan to ensure the individual's safety, identifying triggers, creating coping strategies, and establishing a support network. You can use safety planning to empower clients to take control of their situation and access the appropriate resources when needed.

Problem-Solving

During a crisis, individuals may feel overwhelmed and unable to see a way out. Problem-solving techniques help them break down their challenges into manageable steps and explore possible solutions. This can be done by encouraging brainstorming, evaluating pros and cons, and considering alternative perspectives. Problem-solving techniques promote critical thinking and empower individuals to find practical solutions.

Psychoeducation

This technique involves providing individuals with information and knowledge about their crisis. This can include explaining the common signs and symptoms associated with a crisis, teaching coping skills and self-care techniques, and providing resources and referrals for further assistance. Psychoeducation empowers individuals by increasing their understanding of their situation and providing them with tools to navigate it effectively.

Expressive therapies

Expressive therapies, such as art therapy, music therapy, or dance/movement therapy, can be effective Crisis Intervention techniques. You can use these strategies to give individuals alternative ways to express and process their emotions, thoughts, and experiences. Engaging in creative activities can promote self-discovery, reduce stress, and facilitate emotional healing during times of crisis.

Reality testing

Crises may distort an individual's perception of reality. Reality testing involves gently challenging and helping individuals evaluate their thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions. This technique encourages individuals to examine evidence and consider alternative viewpoints, promoting a more accurate understanding of the situation and reducing distress associated with distorted thinking.

Cognitive restructuring

Cognitive restructuring focuses on challenging and modifying negative or irrational thoughts contributing to crisis distress. It involves helping individuals identify and replace negative thoughts with more realistic and positive ones. By changing their thought patterns, individuals can reduce anxiety, improve coping strategies, and develop a more balanced perspective on the crisis.

Narrative therapy

This Crisis Intervention Technique can help individuals in crisis explore and reframe their personal stories and experiences. It involves identifying dominant narratives contributing to distress and collaboratively constructing alternative narratives highlighting the resilience, strengths, and positive aspects of the individual's life.

Social support networking

This technique involves creating a network of supportive people who can provide emotional support during difficult times. This may involve family members, friends, counselors, or even online communities such as social media groups. Social networking can help your client feel less alone, build their resilience and cope more effectively with the stress of a crisis.

5 Crisis Interventions Worksheets

Crisis Intervention Worksheets are interactive tools individuals can use to reflect on their thoughts, emotions, and strategies during a crisis. Here are 5 crisis intervention worksheets you can use to facilitate crisis intervention and support as part of therapy:

Emotional Regulation Worksheet

This worksheet provides a framework for individuals to identify their current emotions, explore the triggers that contribute to them, and develop coping strategies to regulate and manage them effectively. The worksheet may include prompts for deep breathing exercises, grounding techniques, or other strategies that promote emotional well-being.

Safety Planning Worksheet

This worksheet is designed to help individuals identify steps they can take if they find themselves in an unsafe situation. In addition to brainstorming safety strategies, the Safety Planning Worksheet may require individuals to create a list of emergency contacts for quick access or develop a plan for seeking medical attention and other support.

Thought Challenging Worksheet

A Thought Challenging Worksheet can help clients identify and challenge their negative or unhelpful thoughts. It may ask them to examine the evidence for and against each thought and summarize the facts contradicting their distorted perceptions. Individuals can increase self-esteem and develop healthier perspectives by recognizing and refuting irrational beliefs.

Problem-Solving Worksheet

Problem-solving worksheets are designed to help individuals develop realistic solutions to their problems. Such worksheets may ask individuals to brainstorm possible solutions, create a list of pros and cons for each option, identify potential obstacles, and plan how to take action. This type of worksheet can be an effective tool for helping people learn how to set realistic goals and take action to overcome their issues.

Coping Skills Inventory Worksheet

The Coping Skills Inventory Worksheet helps individuals identify their existing coping skills and develop new ones to manage stress and navigate a crisis. It prompts them to list their current coping strategies, assess their effectiveness, and explore additional coping skills they can adopt. The worksheet encourages individuals to broaden their coping repertoire and promotes self-awareness and self-care.

When to use Crisis Interventions techniques

Crisis Intervention Techniques are utilized when individuals are experiencing acute distress or are in immediate crises. These techniques provide immediate support, stabilization, and assistance to individuals facing overwhelming emotional, psychological, or situational challenges.

Some scenarios in which you can employ Crisis Intervention Techniques include the following:

Suicidal ideation or self-harm

Acute depression or anxiety

Substance abuse and addiction

Grief, trauma, or other psychological distress

Domestic violence, sexual assault, or other violent situations

Emotional and psychological crises

Crisis Intervention Techniques are powerful tools that can help individuals navigate difficult times and create more positive outcomes. However, it is important to remember that crisis intervention is just a part of the process. Once an individual is stabilized and their basic needs are met, ongoing therapy or other forms of mental health treatment can be explored to help them cope with underlying issues and learn better ways of managing their life.

Crisis Interventions Techniques App - How can Carepatron Help?

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Crisis Interventions Techniques and Why They Are Helpful

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Read about Crisis Intervention Techniques and how they can be used to help people manage a crisis. Discover example worksheets you can use in your practice.

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1. Crisis Interventions for Patients with Psychotic Illness or Bipolar Disorder: Molyneaux, E., Turner, A., Candy, B., Landau, S., Johnson, S., & Lloyd-Evans, B. (2019). Crisis-planning interventions for people with psychotic illness or bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analyses. BJPsych open, 5(4), e53. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2019.28

2. Effectiveness of De-Escalation in Reducing Aggression: Celofiga, A., Kores Plesnicar, B., Koprivsek, J., Moskon, M., Benkovic, D., & Gregoric Kumperscak, H. (2022). Effectiveness of De-Escalation in Reducing Aggression and Coercion in Acute Psychiatric Units. A Cluster Randomized Study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 13, 856153. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856153

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Podcast Part Four- Culturally Competent Postpartum/ Maternal  Care

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Podcast Part Four- Culturally Competent Postpartum/ Maternal  Care

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Podcast Part Two- Effective Communication in Mental Health

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Podcast Part Two- Effective Communication in Mental Health

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Johnson & Johnson Nursing. (2019). Becoming a Culturally Competent Nurse | Jana Lauderdale [Video]. Youtube. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=r62Zp99U67Y

Schmidt, K. (2022). Herbal Medicines. Napa Valley Holistic Veterinary Services. https://www.napahohttps://www.napa holisticvet.com/blog/2020/5/11/using-western-herbal-medicine-for-your-petlisticvet.com/blog/2020/5/11/using-western-herbal-medicine-for-your-pet (image)

Swihart, D., Yarrarapu, S., & Martin, R. (2023). Cultural Religious Competence in Clinical Practice. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493216/

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Manohar, R. (2024). Modernmamatales. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com /modernmamatales/related_profiles/?hl=en (quote)

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Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nurs 20, 158 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2

Open Resources for Nursing. (2022). Chapter 2 Therapeutic Communication and the Nurse-Client Relationship. Chippewa Valley Technical College. https://www.ncbi .nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590036/

Ponzar, A. (2022). How to communicate mental health as a priority at work. Ragan. https://www.ragan.com/how-to-communicate-mental-health-as-a-priority-at-work/ (image #1)

Surr, M. (n.d.). Taking a person-centred approach in schools. Teachwire. https://www.teachwire.net/news/person-centred-approach-in-schools/ (image #2)

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Podcast Part Three- Mental Health Stigma

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Podcast Part Three- Mental Health Stigma

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Podcast Part Five- Effective Crisis Interventions in Mental Health

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Podcast Part Five- Effective Crisis Interventions in Mental Health

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Brandt, L., Liu, S., Heim, C., & Heinz, A. (2022). The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health. Transl Psychiatry 12, 398. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4

Leiphart, A. (2022). Battling Mental Health Symptoms and the Consequences of Stigma. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). https://www.nami.org/relationships/battling-mental-health-symptoms-and-the-consequences-of-stigma/ (image)

Sia. (2004). Breathe me [Song]. Colour the Small One. Go! Beat.

TED. (202). Stop the Stigma: Why it's important to talk about Mental Health | Heather Sarkis [Video]. Youtube. https://ww w.youtube.com/watch?v=gy1iH_Gxn0Q

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Shutterstock. (n.d.). Individuals expressing anxiety, stress, and sadness differently. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/collection-men-women-mental-disorders-illnesses-1085457587 (Image #1)

Puffy Editorial Team. (2024). A girl practicing meditation. Puffy. https://puffy.com/blogs/lifestyle/how-to-meditate-a-complete-guide-to-mindfulness-better-sleep?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F (Image #2)

Ramirez, B. (2024). Crisis Interventions Techniques and Why They Are Helpful. Carepatron. https://www.carepatro n.com/guides/crisis-intervention-techniques (Resource)

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Hi, my name is Lily Manninen and I created this podcast tapestry to present the valued topics I learned or experienced during my NURS-2021 placement (mental health or maternal/child). Each topic has a special meaning attached and artifacts to provide support or further insight. Thank you for reading and listening!