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1. Who am I?

I am a 30 year old AFRICAN AMERICAN MAN.

2. Who do I pretend to be?

I pretend to be a person who is devoid of race and or ethnicity, someone who focues purely on integrity and an individual’s character.

1. Who do people think I am?

People may think I am a slightly arrogant or know it all Black man.

1. Who do I wish I could be?

I wish I could be someone who has as much power, influenence and wealth as Elon Musk without his noteriety. Someone who is actually revered as opposed to despised.

1. How has race or ethnic identity played a role in any of these responses?

Unfortunately as much as I want to keep my race and ethnicity out of these repsonses, they are apart of my unique identity, that has helped shape me into the human I am today.

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Theme 2: First Experience With Race Activity

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Theme 2: First Experience With Race Activity

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1. What was your first experience with race?

My first experience with race was when a white classmate called me a "nigger" because another classmate liked me instead of him. I did not know that he said this, it was said to the other classmate who in return told my older sister who in return told my father who in short, was not happy.

2. How old were you?

I think 7 years old.

1. What emotions do you associate with the experience?

Confusion at first and then sadness. I did not know what the word was nor what it meant and after it was said I was not allowed to be that person's friend anymore and at the time I didn't understand why.

1. Have you ever talked about the experience?

No, I have not talked about it.

1. How have your early experiences with race shaped your worldview?

My early experiences have conditioned me to understand that everyone in this world is not your friend purely because of the color of your skin or where you are from.

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Theme 3: Positive Sense of Self Brainstorm

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Theme 3: Positive Sense of Self Brainstorm

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What connections can be made between having a positive sense of self and our experiences with identity and race?

Having a positive sense of self is important. Especially with how you navigate the stereotypes that exist in today's society.

Understanding who you are gives you a leg to stand on when dealing with identity and racial experiences. No matter if they are negative or positive, IE navigating a family "cookout" or dealing with law enforcement. A positive sense of self can help with protecting your energy or it can guide you through a valley of fire.

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2.4 Ubuntu, Afrocentricity and Nguzo Saba

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2.4 Ubuntu, Afrocentricity and Nguzo Saba

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1. The concept of Ubuntu is uniquely African. After reading the assigned reading and analyzing the short video by Dr. Nelson Mandela, do you think that the spirit of Ubuntu is alive and well today in African American culture? Explain your answer and give an example as to why you have chosen your position.

The spirit of Ubuntu is very much alive today. However, I would not say it is doing very well. I say this because when thinking of Ubuntu one may ponder on a day when they were deep in the community, giving back and or supporting the frameworks of today's "inner city" societies and for example walking the farmers market at Leimert Park or giving back to the homeless on skidrow. However, when one is not entrenched in their community it seems as if we are against each other. For example, your neighbor didn't pull in their trash cans or you're road raging to an innocent elderly woman driving the speed limit.

1. Compare and contrast in detail and provide examples of any parallels/similarities that you have been able to identify between African cultures and African American culture. Has this concept of Ubuntu changed your worldview at all? Explain.

Music and Dance: Music and dance are integral to both African and African American cultures, serving as forms of expression, celebration, and spiritual connection.

Example: African music often features complex rhythms and the use of instruments like drums and mbiras. African American music has drawn inspiration from these traditions, giving rise to genres like blues, jazz, and hip-hop.

Community and Family: Both cultures emphasize the importance of community and strong family ties. Extended family networks often play a significant role in raising children and providing support.

Example: The concept of "Ubuntu," which emphasizes interconnectedness and shared humanity, is prevalent in many African societies. While the specific term may not be as widely used in African American culture, the underlying value of community support and interdependence is often present.

The concept of Ubuntu has not changed my worldview, due to my African ancestry. I have been living a life rich in Ubuntu and this discovery allows me to become more connected to that side of my heritage.

1. Choose and define the concept that you feel is most present in the African American community. Provide an example of how you have witnessed the concept you have chosen.

In 2025, I feel as if Spiritness is the most present African psychology ideal in the African American community. I feel this way because of the undeniable individuality that is present in the AA community today. For example, we are seeing a rise in educated Black men. And that is a direct result of their connectedness to the spirit and understanding that they must be the best versions of themselves in order to combat the racial inequalities we still face today.

1. Then, define and provide an example of the concept that you feel is least present in the African American community. Also, provide an example.

Ma'at

Maafa

Veneration of the person

Spiritness

Human authenticity

Inclusive metaphysical epistemology

Sankofa

The concept I feel that is the least present is the veneration of the person.

Veneration of the person, in its truest sense, is a deep respect and reverence for the inherent dignity and worth of every individual, simply by virtue of their humanity. It goes beyond mere politeness or tolerance and recognizes the unique value and potential of each person, regardless of their background, beliefs, or circumstances.

It is the least prevalent because AA musical artists and just plain old individuals still rap about speak on, or actively pursue the killing of other AA. Robbing stealing, anything malicious to one's own kind.

Choose one of the 7 Principles of Nguzo Saba and define it on your Padlet. Then explain why it resonates with you and how you feel you have seen this value in action in the African American community. Provide an example.

Umoja

Kujichagulia

Ujima

Ujamaa

Nia

Kuumba

Imani

"Imani Nguzo Saba" emphasizes the importance of faith in oneself, one's family, community, and the struggle for liberation, as the culminating and essential principle of Kwanzaa.

I believe "Imani" is the root of spirituality and religion. An undeniable trust is needed and Imani encourages self-belief and confidence in one's abilities. It's about having faith in oneself to achieve goals, overcome obstacles, and make a positive impact on the world. This sense of personal empowerment is essential for individual growth and success. I've seen this mainly in families dealing with big issues and or with philanthropists and or individuals rebuilding our ethnic communities.

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3.1 MULTIDIMENSIONS OF ETHNIC SELF IDENTIFICATION

1. State your selections under the category of Natal Measures and also state why you chose them. Provide examples.

A few of my selections for this category include:

I was born in Brooklyn NY. This is important for me because this is my spot of origin. Where I started on this earth.

I am the second oldest of 5 other siblings, making a total 6 of us. My family has always been large, it is a part of who I am, and how forgiving and giving I can be.

My father is a second-generation Antiguan immigrant.  My Caribbean ancestry is deeply important to me because of what he had to endure.

After taking a 23 and me DNA test I discovered my roots trace back to over 70% African primarily, Nigerian ancestry. I also uncovered that I am a descendant of a Pharoah!

I also have 30% European ancestry which has sparked my interest in discovering more about Ancient BLACK europeans.

1. State your selections under the category of Behavioral Measures and also state why you chose them. Provide examples.

I tend to hermit myself. I do have a lot of acquaintances but not a lot of friends. The friends I do have I judge based purely on their integrity. I chose this because that is how I judge everyone. By their character.

I tend to read and ingest more scientific fact-based or DIY material. Popular Science YouTube and scientific journals.

I think this helps to show how analytical I am and how much I tend to lean on facts over feelings.

I speak the English Language + Spanglish + rough patois.

1. State your selections under the category of Subjective Measures and also state why you chose them. Provide examples.

I consider myself Antiguan American Nigeran French Italian English. I chose this because back in the day before I got married ane before I had a better understanding of my DNA, I'd tell women I was mixed because it sounded exotic. Little did I know I truly was very diversely mixed.

Regardless of my ethnicity, I am Black. I say this because of the 3/5ths rule that used to plague our community. No matter what I am mixed with I will always be BLACK.

In groups: Reptile community

Black community African community Caribbean community

Chef community

Car Community

I chose these because I am deeply passionate about each of these communities.

The out groups I associate with are anything that promotes hate towards another person place or thing. I do not associate with those types of groups. Not because I am black, but because I was bullied when I was younger for being different. Even in a "black" community.

1. State your selections under the category of Situation-Contextual Measure and also state why you chose them. Provide examples.

A few of my selections for this category include:

Married - It shows I can handle commitment

Girl dad - It shows that I must be compassionate and fragile.

Business owner - It shows that I trust in my abilities.

Established professional - It shows that I worked diligently to become the best version of myself in different industries.

College Education - It shows that I care about self-development.

College-educated spouse - I tend to surround myself with like-minded people.

I believe in all forms of god, as well as I am a form of god as well.  - Sometimes one's belief in a certain higher power clouds their ability to see different perspectives.

3.2 MULTI-GROUP ETHNIC IDENTITY MEASURE

1. My Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure score is 43.

2. To me this score means that:

I have an understanding of my ethnic identity.

3. I think that this means that I have a strong bond with the African American community because: I have made attempts to deeply immerse myself in my culture.

4. Explain anything that surprised you about this analysis?

The one thing that surprised me is, that this analysis helped me realize that I am not part of enough black-centric groups, IE BLACK reptile owners, BLACK car clubs, and Black men for responsible gun ownership.

3.3 ROSENBERG'S SELF-ESTEEM SCALELinks to an external site.

1. State your score after taking the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale.

My score is 30

2. State what your score means to you and your understanding of your self-esteem.

My score of 30 means to me that I am very attached to my self-worth. I do feel like If this assessment was given to me at a different time in my life, I would likely get different results.

1. State why you believe your score is the number that it is. Provide examples.

Standing tall now at almost 31 years of age, I have gone through some interesting barriers. From living in a stereotypical racist society to near-death experiences and family trauma, my sense of self is as strong as it is today because of my negative and positive life experiences.

3.4: RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT PADLET

1. State your stage of Racial Identity Development

I feel as if I am in Integrative Awareness.

I was in conformity in middle and high school, trying so hard to fit "IN".

However when I started to get different treatment from that of my white peers even though my work was the same or better I went into dissonance. It was shortly after that I went into immersion, this is 10th grade. I was so PISSED that the history we were learning was wrong and biased towards white achievements or flat-out stolen. By 11th grade, I was in Emersion. I only wanted to be around my black friends, my white and other cultured friends didn't understand, so I stayed away from women of other races. And by senior year I was already in Internalization. Started seeing the faults in everything, and seeing the systemic lack of education and planning that my community was receiving made me realize that we are all human. We all make the same errors and mistakes. The only differences are the cultural nuances each of us grew up on. That is why I feel I am in Integrative Awareness.

2. State one thing that you learned from this process.

This process helped me identify the terms used to recognize these stages of identity that every race uses today.

POST 3.5: FIND YOUR RACIAL IDENTITY RESOURCE

On your own Padlets, you will post a resource that you search and find on the internet that helps you understand your own racial/ethnic identity better.

In addition to scholarly publications, PBS is one of my go-to resources for fact-checked information. Along with NPR.

https://www.pbs.org/articles/racism-in-america

https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/905515398/not-racist-is-not-enough-putting-in-the-work-to-be-anti-racist

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Not too long ago, my family's food order was delivered to the wrong address. Same numbers - but a different street. My 12-year-old son volunteered to go around the corner to pick up the food from our neighbor's porch. As soon as he walked out of the door, I stopped breathing. After I didn't see him coming around the corner after being gone for less than a minute my heart started racing. With sweaty palms, I grabbed my keys and got in the car to go find him. I didn't exhale until I saw him walking down the street with two boxes of pizza without a care in the world. He was so confused as to why I was in the car.

"Mom ... I just went around the corner, what's wrong?"

I stared at my son, looking at the locs in his hair and the skin that was darker than any of his friends' in the neighborhood and I lied and said, "Nothing's wrong. I was just really hungry." We started laughing and went back to the house. Yesterday he learned about Ralph Yarl. Now he knows the truth.

On April 16, a 16-year-old boy was shot and wounded by a homeowner after he went to the wrong home to pick up his siblings in Kansas City, Missouri, police said. Ralph Yarl was "shot twice and struck in the head and arm," his family's attorney said in a statement. Protestors took to the streets in Missouri following the incident, chanting "justice for Ralph" and "Black lives matter." They carried signs reading, "Ringing a doorbell is not a crime" and "The shooter should do the time."

The homeowner was taken into custody and placed on a 24-hour hold. They were later released while police work to get a victim statement and gather more forensic evidence.

Additionally this week, an Ohio grand jury declined to indict eight police officers who fired multiple rounds in the 2022 shooting death of Jayland Walker, a 25-year-old Black man, the state's attorney general announced April 17. The Attorney General's office said the officers were under threat because Walker had fired a gunshot at them during a car and foot chase.

Walker's death last June sparked protests in Akron, Ohio after police released body camera footage showing him dying in a slew of gunfire. Police said Walker refused to stop when they tried to pull him over for minor equipment and traffic violations and fired a shot from his car 40 seconds into the pursuit.

Walker's death received attention from activists, including from the family of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. The NAACP and Walker's family attorney called on the Justice Department to open a federal civil rights investigation.

Earlier this year, three men who were sentenced to life in prison for the killing of Ahmaud Arbery were also found guilty of federal hate crimes. The father and son who armed themselves and initiated the pursuit were denied any chance of parole. The life sentences were announced after Kyle Rittenhouse was found not guilty in the fatal shooting of two men during protests in Kenosha in 2020.

George Floyd's dying under Derek Chauvin's knee led to the biggest outcry against racial injustice in the U.S. in generations. People across the country continue to call for justice in the killings of Daunte Wright, Rayshard Brooks, Daniel Prude, Breonna Taylor and many others. The case of the three white men accused of killing Arbery while he was jogging last year in Georgia drew national attention as well. Some states have been actively updating their policing protocols over the past year but the growing list of deaths is evident that, as a country, we still have a long way to go.

We're continuing our commitment to highlight content that will continue the conversation, add historical context to these issues and enable change. Below you will find programs that profile police departments, specials that detail conversations parents of color have with their children, documentaries that cover the treatment of African Americans since slavery and films that shed light on both past and current civil rights activism.

These offerings are resources for everyone, regardless of race, to educate themselves on all of the ways inequality in America shows up in everyday life. We will update this page as programs become available for streaming online and on the PBS Video App. Check local listings for broadcast times.

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Explore films and new specials focused on race.

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1. Please post a response to the google slide above. What types racism from slide 2 have you seen in the world? What examples from slide 3 have you seen in the world?

I have seem every example of racism from slide 2.

Individual racism has been a target to me as a black man.

Institutional racism for me shows up in hiring practices and being tasked with certain metrics that only a robot could achieve to set me up for failure.

Cultural Racism has shown up for me whenever discussing history, especially the Holocaust. I've had many Jewish friends diminish slavery because it wasn't "as bad" as the holocaust.

Symbolic Racism for me has mostly shown up in the media and or with people who have a certain expectation of what a certain group of people can or can't do. For example "white men cant jump."

With Slide 3, I have seen Internalized racism in many forms—for example, People with superiority complexes. Who generally feel as if their race and or bloodline is "sent from above" or "god-like" Lastly I have seen structural racism the most with this Trmp presidency. Any non-government entity that adopts Trump's anti DEI executive order is inherently racist.

Institutional racism

1. From the chapter reading, do you think that we live in a post-racial society? Please state why or why not.

It's true, when we look at things like housing, jobs, schools, and the justice system, we see some pretty big differences in outcomes for different racial groups. These aren't just small variations; they're significant, and they hit communities of color the hardest. You can really see it in things like how much wealth people are able to build up, or how easily they can buy a home. It's not just about what's happening today, though. A lot of these differences are rooted in the way things have been done historically, and those old systems still have an impact now.

1. What is your personal definition of race and do you think that race is a social construct, a biological construct or something else? Please explain your reasoning.

My definition of race is a categorization of humans based on similar attributes.

I believe that race is a social construct. Because two people of different races can have the same qualities as one another, however, they are technically completely different because of their race.

1. Search and find one resource regarding race being a social or biological concept and post it to your Padlet. State its significance and if you agree or disagree with the resource based on your definition of race.

Based on this website https://understandingrace.org/

Race is not a biological construct but indeed social and I completely agree.

2. State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit. State its significance.

One thing that stood out to me is seeing in writing, the systemic attempts at destroying the non-white population. From the PD to the criminal justice system, it's been RIGGED for so long.

Theme 2

1. Please post a response to the audio clip above. What types of "isms" can you identify in the audio clip above? What types of racism did you notice in the audio clip? Give examples.

"Isms" Identified:

Racism: This is the primary "ism" discussed, with examples of comments targeting African Americans and Asian Americans.

Sexism: The comments about women being "too pretty" to be lesbians, disabled, or overweight demonstrate sexist assumptions and stereotypes.

Heterosexism: The comment "I don't look like a lesbian" reflects heterosexism, the assumption that heterosexuality is the norm and that deviations from it are unexpected or require explanation.

Ableism: The mention of being "too pretty to be disabled" shows ableism, which is discrimination and prejudice against people with disabilities.

Types of Racism

The woman who mentioned "you are so articulate" to Khaliah. Her comment implies that she is surprised by her intelligence because of her race.

Additionally, the questioning of Professor Sue's birthplace is individual racism, implying that he's not American.

Microagressions

"Where are you really from?" suggesting that the person of color is not a true American.

"It's because you're Asian" attributes achievements or characteristics to race, rather than individual merit.

1. From the chapter reading, do you think that we live in a post-racial society? Please state why or why not.

Absolutely, If you are not white you simply do not benefit and or cannot benefit as much as that group of people.

1. What is your personal definition of race and do you think that race is a social construct, a biological construct or something else? Please explain your reasoning.

My definition of race is a categorization of humans based on similar attributes.

I believe that race is a social construct. Because two people of different races can have the same qualities as one another, however, they are technically completely different because of their race.

1. Search and find one resource regarding race being a social or biological concept and post it to your Padlet.

https://understandingrace.org/

1. State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit. State its significance.

It's not just the surface-level words, but the hidden, often unconscious, underlying message that inflicts harm and perpetuates stereotypes.

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UNDERSTANDING RACE Are we so Different? The Story of Race Race is a small but powerful word. Looking through the eyes of history, science, and lived experience, the RACE Project presents the reality - and unreality - of race. Race Is Not Genetic Current science tells us we

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1. From the reading, what do you think makes the Black family unique? Please provide descriptive examples.

Black families are strong because they have overcome many obstacles. Raising a Black child means teaching them to navigate a world that isn't always fair. They build strong family bonds, even with people they aren't related to. They deal with racism and discrimination but still support their children. Fighting against prejudice and creating a peaceful home is a daily struggle.

1. What do you think are the strengths and challenges of the Black family? Please state why you think so and provide examples.

I think the biggest strength of the black family is resilience. In order to get up and keep going takes a lot out of individuals and I think that is why it is one of our strongest traits. The biggest challenge to black families is the lack of generational wealth. Without it, our ancestors have not been able to set their relatives up for success. IE Black Wall Street. The destruction of black wall street prevented all AA families from succeeding financially and forced them to put their money into institutions that silently rob us.

1. How do concepts such as racial socialization affect parents and children in Black families? Please explain.

It forces parents to have conversations they feel like they could protect their children from. It forces parents to acknowledge that there is a problem, it's been around for a while and there's not much that we can do about it other than being aware. Children grow up sometimes with biases towards other races and sometimes even their own.

1. Based on our reading, what factors do you think have impacted Black families the most since slavery and why?

The most important factor that has impacted black families is generational wealth. That is the single strongest resource that can set any group of people up for success. Without it, one small mistake can set you up for failure for the rest of your life. Additionally, some black families push for individualism to prepare their children to be able to survive in the adult world, however, that push away from the family actually hinders development and decreases the family's net worth.

1. Search and find one academic resource that helps you understand this topic better and post it to your Padlet. State three main points from the resource and how it helps you understand this topic.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9355492/

Resilience as Core: Black families are defined by their ability to overcome adversity.

Historical Roots of Present Challenges: Current struggles are deeply connected to a long history of systemic racism and oppression. Understanding this historical context is essential to understanding the present.

Family as an Adaptive System: Black families function as an "ecology," actively adapting and navigating difficult environments. This emphasizes the family unit as a dynamic tool for survival and thriving.

2. State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit. State its significance.

There is less than 1 percent of Latino Single dads. This is important because it shows that a community can work together to keep families together. And with over 51% of Black women being single moms. Systemically this shows that there is an active campaign going on to prevent the black man from being a part of his family.

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The strength of Black families: A commentary on Leading with Racial Equity

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This commentary provides an overview of resilience in the Black family. It also offers a reflection on important work in this issue assessing the historical and future-oriented conceptualization of Black families in the social welfare system. A…

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https://understandingrace.org/resources/research-papers/

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Racial Autobiography Outline (Shelby James)

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1. What factors do you feel contribute to the disproportionately low numbers of African Americans represented in STEM education classes and in the STEM field?

There are many factors that contribute to the disproportional numbers we still see today. Primarily, under funded schools that are serving predominantly black communities. Without the funding schools are unable to produce the resources needed to support the, advanced coursework, technology and teachers that are needed to excel within those subjects.

1. What role do teachers play in shaping the expectations of students and fostering the interest of students in STEM education classes?

I have always said, representation matters. Teachers play such an important role in fostering the interest of students in stem or wanting to take stem, because it shows them that inclusion exist. It shows students that Black people do like STEM and can excel in that field if the rights steps are taken. Many students feel as if a certain subject does not align with them because all of their teachers are of a different ethnic background.

1. How do you think the implicit bias. of educators affects minority students who express interest in these subjects?

Implicit biases can lead educators to lower their expectations for Black students which affects the quality of instruction and support they receive, which in return further discourages students from getting the support they need.

1. How does this information contribute to the Imposter Phenomenon in the educational system and in the workplace for African AmericansThe State one strategy that you think could be implemented to counter the struggles identified in the video and reading.

The constant exposure to implicit biases and negative stereotypes can lead Black students and professionals to internalize these messages, causing them to doubt their own abilities.

State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

One thing I learned was, I am unconsciously affected by this, which is why it has taken me longer to solidify myself in the STEM space. Representation matters tremendously and knowing that it has been designed systemically to prevent AA from enter the stem spaces makes me feel only a tad bit better about being in Robotics class in elementary school.

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6.6 Two Page Racial Autobiography Paper 

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6.6 Two Page Racial Autobiography Paper 

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7.6 Intersectionality, Bias and Microaggressions

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7.6 Intersectionality, Bias and Microaggressions

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1. What would you say are the psychological consequences of experiencing subconscious racial slights as a person of color?

The psychological effects of subconscious racial slights can range from lowered self-esteem and an absence or distance from a person's daily life to a person committing heinous acts of self-harm.

1. What stereotypes are perpetuated when racial microaggressions are thrown around towards a person of color?

Many stereotypes can be perpetuated with the use of microaggressions, the most common stereotype that many face is: that people of color are inherently less intelligent or less articulate. Another stereotype that I see frequently is the notion that race and systemic racism are no longer factors for personal advancement. And that any disparities are solely due to individual failings, ignoring the impact of historical and ongoing discrimination.

1. Considering Intersectionality, what other issues does this theme affect in the African American community?

Some key areas that arise from intersectionality are

Gender: Black women experience racism and sexism ( while Black men face hyper-masculinization and portrayals as threats.

Socioeconomic Status: Those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may experience added stereotypes about intelligence or work ethic, limiting mobility.

Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity: LGBTQ+ Black individuals face racism, homophobia, and transphobia, increasing discrimination.

Disability: Black individuals with disabilities experience ableism and racism, facing assumptions and lack of accessibility.

Age: Young Black individuals may be stereotyped in education, while older Black individuals may be dismissed or overlooked.

Religion: Black individuals practicing minority religions (e.g., Islam) may face microaggressions related to faith and race.

Immigration Status: Black immigrants or descendants of immigrants may face microaggressions related to origin or language.

1. State how these theories of intersectionality, racial microaggressions, bias or white privilege affect one's understanding of "sense of self" or ethnic identity?

These theories can essentially make or break an individual. Understanding that a group of people purposely prevented the proliferation of another group of people can have lasting effects. This new sense of understanding can leave an individual bewildered and lost, wondering why and how this happened to their people. This information can also be extremely empowering, delivering a new sense of self or ethnic identity and setting up an even stronger framework for interpersonal discovery.

1. Search online for a resource that helps you understand this topic more and post it to your Padlet. State why the resource shines some light on a perspective of this issue.

My resource can be found here: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf

This resource emphasizes how power structures interact to maintain inequalities and by examining the intersections of race and sex the author conveys how these systems work hand and hand to disadvantage certain groups. The author acknowledges the complexities of identity and calls for a more inclusive approach to social justice.

1. State a strategy that you feel can be successful to address the use of microaggressions especially when the offender is unaware of how their reactions affect people of color.

With an individual who is clueless about how their actions affect others, I would offer a good amount of constructive criticism. Ignorance is bliss and most of the time bias is rooted in ignorance. In addition to educating the ignorant, providing clear and unbiased criticism is a strategy I would use to combat microaggressions.

1. State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

One thing that stood out to me is it seems like African American people are subject to more microaggressions and bias than any other group of people due to prejudices from every other racial group including our own.

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8.2 Final Four Page Racial Autobiography Paper

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8.2 Final Four Page Racial Autobiography Paper

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1. STRENGTHS: What are the strengths of Black neighborhoods and communities and how have they manifested over time?

The strengths of Black communities are found within their cultural heritage. What we eat, what music, art and traditions we share. They’ve shown resilience, thriving through systemic oppression and historical challenges. Strong social networks, including extended families, provide emotional and financial support. Additionally, historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have played a key role in advancing educational opportunities for African Americans.

1. WEAKNESSES: What are the weaknesses of Black neighborhoods and communities and state one solution to an issue you have raised?

The biggest weakness of Black neighborhoods was the economic disparities. Black house holds mad significantly less than other house holds. As a result the subsequent communities have been underinvested. A key solution to these problems would be a re-entrification plan for every predominately black neighborhood in America. One that provides aid and funding to build these communities that were once under funded.

1. OPPORTUNITIES: What are three ways in which Black neighborhoods and communities could play a role in the progressive movement of the Black community?

1. Reentrification could foster economic growth by supporting and growing local businesses and by creating more opportunities for Black entrepreneurs, promoting financial literacy, and increasing investment in Black-owned businesses.

2. Black neighborhoods help push for an increase in political participation. Community organizing, driving the need for equality for all ensures Black voices are heard in local, state, and national governments.

3. By providing community based education and skill building programs, Black communities can play a key role in promoting educational equity and community development.

1. THREATS: What are three ways in which Black neighborhoods and communities could have a detrimental effect on the progressive movement of the Black community?

2. Disparities within Black communities, such as socioeconomic differences or conflicting priorities, can hinder collective action and weaken the overall impact of the progressive movement.

3. Continued lack of investment in Black neighborhoods, including inadequate access to resources, education, and healthcare, can perpetuate systemic inequality and slow down progress.

4. High crime rates and violence within certain neighborhoods can create instability, diverting attention and resources away from efforts aimed at social and political advancement.

1. Find one resource that helps you understand these themes and post it to your Padlet. State the resources' significance to this unit's material.

Resource: "The Souls of Black Folk" by W.E.B. Du Bois

This work explores the themes of race, identity, and social progress for Black Americans. This book aids in the discussions of the Black experience in America and can enhance understanding of the progressive movement within Black communities.

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk/lTXYAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1

State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

One thing I learned was regardless of how much information is available for this this topic, getting out of poverty is extremely hard when everything is working against you.

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Original from: Pennsylvania State University

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9.6 Thesis, Direction and Resources for Critical Analysis Project

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9.6 Thesis, Direction and Resources for Critical Analysis Project

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James Shelby_ Resources and Questions for Critical Analysis Project 

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1. State the most important thing that you learned from this unit's readings and how it has deepened your understanding of Black male and female interpersonal and close relationships.

More than 60% of domestic workers in the south are home care aides. 90% of those people are women. This alone shows that we have been working our black and brown women FAR to hard. Systemmically, we have pushed Black and brown women into the work force thanks to the help of White women(dei) and their lack of rights.

Systemically the Black family has been dismantled with the help of capitalism.

1. How do long-standing stereotypes in the media of African American females being portrayed as property (i.e. in rap videos etc.) affect the psyche of those seeing these images and the African American woman's dating prospects?

Long standing stereotypes have the possibility of inflicting severe trauma and anxiety on individuals. For some, their self worth is attached to representation. Meaning, if they see someone who looks like them they could feel inclined to copy their actions. In addition, for black women, this portrayal as property greatly affects the quality of men interested in pursuing said women.

1. What factors are contributing to the rising number of single Black unmarried females?

There are multiple factors effecting contributing to the rising number of single Black Women. Some of those factors include a disproportionate amount of black women compared to black men, due to mixed race dating. There as been a rise in prioritizing career and education growth over marriage, increasing the divide. Lastly, social influence has played the biggest factor. Causing both men and women to become biased toward the other gender due to societal stigmas used to break us apart.

1. Why is there a stigma in the African American community against the LGBTQ community?

The stigma behind the African American LGBTQ community stems from religion and slavery truama. Being LGBTQ is seen has non traditional and goes against being "black" due to the sentiment "Isn't being black enough?"

1. Find one resource that helps you understand these themes and post it to your padlet. State the resources' significance to this unit's material.

This is important because it has a ton of statistical data regarding these issues.

https://www.epi.org/publication/domestic-workers-pay-and-working-conditions-in-the-south-reflect-racist-gendered-notions-of-care-rooted-in-racism-and-economic-exploitation-spotlight/.

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Domestic workers’ pay and working conditions in the South reflect racist, gendered notions of care: Rooted in Racism and Economic Exploitation: Spotlight

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Summary: Domestic workers are the 2.3 million workers nationwide who provide vital support to our elders and chronically ill or disabled family members, care for our children, and help maintain our households. Despite their vital role in supporting American families and the economy, domestic workers are underpaid and unprotected, particularly in the South, where nearly…

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What does it mean to code switch and how does this affect an African American's success in life?

Code switching refers to the action of changing the way you speak in order to conform with the audience around you. For African Americans unfortunately, the better one can "code-switch" the better off they are in a society that does not represent them.

How does expecting code switching threaten diversity?

Code switching prevents a person... I'll speak for myself in this instance, code switching has prevented me from operating in my highest self because I was worried about the impact my natural dialect would have on people. I was worried they would see me as "too black".

How do the effects of code switching intersect with a persons' mental health?

Having to constantly code switch regardless of the race of people you are around is mentally exhausting. Even Black people worry about not being black "enough". For some people they feel like there is no escape to the never ending battle, day in and day out they find themselves constantly conforming.

Search online for a resource that helps you understand this topic more and post it to your Padlet. State why the resource shines some light on a perspective of this issue.

https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/83386/The%20Switch-Code-Switching%20and%20its%20effects%20on%20African%20Americans%20in%20America.pdf?sequence=1

This resource sheds light on the complexities of code-switching by examining how it impacts African Americans in both professional and social settings, highlighting the pressure to conform to standard american english for acceptance and success. It provides a look on how code-switching, while often seen as a skill, can also reinforce systemic biases and linguistic discrimination.

State a strategy that you feel can be successful to address the misconceptions about code switching that exist inside and outside of the African American community.

One great strategies would be to Organize discussions within African American communities to recognize that code-switching can be a tool for survival, not a rejection of culture.

State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

The one thing that stood out to me was in the first video, when the guy started with "what do you mean I don't sound black enough." I have been asked that question or been a product of that cruel joke countless amounts of times, by Black people, white people, asian, latino.

What is the difference between Standard American English and Ebonics/African American Vernacular English?

There are specific differences in pronunciation of words between the two. Some words are shortened whereas distinctive phrases have been shortened into words.

How is speaking in Ebonics/African American Vernacular English in the educational classroom traditionally viewed?

Speaking in ebonics or AAVE is typically viewed as unacceptable or only for humor. Most teachers will scold children for talking that way emphasizing the better way to pronounce certain words.

How can the strengths of dual language speakers be utilized to empower students in the classroom?

The strengths of dual language speakers is important because, representation matters. More students would feel seen and heard, and ultimately would increase certain learning statistics overtime.

Search online for a resource that helps you understand this topic more and post it to your Padlet. State why the resource shines some light on a perspective of this issue.

https://www.icls.edu/blog/african-american-vernacular-why-it-matters-in-language-learning

This resource highlights why AAVE matters to every community and why it should continue to be recognized as an extension of language as opposed to absence of it entirely.

State one strategy that you think could be implemented to counter the negative stereotypes associated with speaking Ebonics or African American Vernacular English as identified in the video and reading.

A great strategy we could implement would be promoting policies in workplaces that encourage linguistic inclusivity rather than expecting employees to conform strictly to western standards.

State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

These readings showed me that I have been code switching for so long and while some of the switching has benefitted me, its also hurt me and allowed to dim my light in certain circumstances.

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THEME 2:

1. What is the significance of the Yoruba Orisha faith also known as Santeria?

The Yoruba Orisha faith is an Ancient African religion that has been around before slavery. It connects practitioners with nature, ancestors and divine forces. It features many different deities all with different connections to earth, our urges and the spiritual realm.

1. How does this faith provide a connection back to Africa for those African Americans choosing to join the faith?

Yoruba faith offers a spiritual path and a deep cultural connection for Africans looking to embrace this religion. It offers ancient heritage, that predates slavery and helps to affirm racial identities and reconnect with ones roots.

1. How does the Yoruba faith treat health and healing in their religion?

The Yoruba faith looks at health and healing as not just treating the body and mind but also restoring the balance between a person, the orishas(gods), nature and the ancestors. Specific Orishas are associated with health and healing while others have specific duties as well. In addition to Orishas, herbal medicine is used, spiritual cleansing and rituals are preformed, all to help restore the balance between not only the physical plane but also the spiritual and ancestral.

1. Please locate a resource that helps you understand this theme. Analyze the resource and state the most important thing you learned from it about this topic.

https://religiondatabase.org/browse/2339

Unlike with the Rastafarian faith, there is no biological attachment to the higher supreme being. It was believed that Haile Selassie I was a direct descendant of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba who is supposedly connected to Jesus, solidifying his connection to god. However in the Yoruba faith, no king is connected to the Supreme high god.

1. State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

The one thing that stood out to me about this reading is the fact that NONE of this is taught in Lower grades.

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The world’s first comprehensive online quantitative and qualitative encyclopedia of religious cultural history.

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James Shelby  Psych 110 Research Project Final

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1. After reading this Washington Post articleLinks to an external site., can you explain why there are disparities between the amount of pain medication an African American woman would receive compared to other women in the same hospital complaining of pain?

There are many disparities causing this in multiple hospitals around the united states, however the largest one stems from a slavery age ideal that Black people do not feel as much pain as white people. Additionally, Dr's note seeing a "stronger" urge to "abuse" pain medications due to that aforementioned ideal.

1. What factors are contributing to the disproportionate number of African American infants who die in childbirth and African American mothers who die in childbirth?

The main factors contributing to the disproportionate number of African american women and children dying during childbirth are, the healthcare disparities and systemic racism. A woman's pain and suffering is dismissed and diminished. Non black or of of color nurses have been known to provide lower qualities of care for Black and of color patient's. Most importantly, the infrastructure has been systemically designed to lack resources and prevent people of color from accessing high quality care.

1. What are some solutions that can be implemented to improve the experiences of African American mothers giving birth and African American infant survival rates?

Some solutions that have been implemented that we MUST continue to promote for our communities is the use of alternative care. IE Midwives. My mother is a midwife and currently owns possibly the largest Black owned midwifery practice in Los Angeles called Kindred Space LA. Supporting their mission can help continue to improve pre and post natal care for African Americans.

1. Find one resource that helps you understand this theme and post it to your Padlet. State the resources' significance to this unit's material.

https://www.thebirthfund.com/about

Birthfund is a company focused on bring accessible prenatal care to all individuals. This is important because, they are helping to combat the infant and mother mortality rates we are seeing within the Black community.

1. State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

Toxic Stress. I learned about toxic stress and how it can physically affect me to the point where my body can break down and age prematurely. Most importantly this same stress is what greatly affects mothers and their chances during childbirth.

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See how birthFUND came to be, and how it’s changing maternal outcomes in the United States with midwifery care.

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_13.5 Film Analysis Outline Template Shelby James

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1. Provide specific examples of the various types of racism that can be seen in this documentary.

Starting with institutionalized racism, the forced sterilization, mainly of women of color reflects systemic racism in medical and legal institutions.

Another type of racism shown is historical racism, which stems from practices as old as the eugenics movement that disproportionately targeted Black, Indigenous and Latina women.

Another type of racism prevalent was medical racism. Doctors performed procedures without the proper consent and in addition to that would disregard the pain tolerance and bodily autonomy of African Americans.

1. How has the medical system fostered distrust in the African American community?

The medical system has fostered distrust in the African American community with racial bias and unethical uses of African American bodies and cells. For instance Henrietta Lacks' stem cells and the use of damaging health studies such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.

1. State THREE strategies or programs that you feel can address the issues raised.

In regards to sterilizations, we could enforce laws against non consensual sterilization. The healthcare system is constantly being over hauled however for Black Americans, representation in the healthcare system matters. As we continue to grow as a society putting more people of color is positions to help their community can be greatly beneficial. Lastly, providing more resources and legal aid to at risk individuals can prevent mass casualties and strengthen the bond African americans have with the healthcare systems.

1. Search online for a resource that helps you understand this topic more and post it to your Padlet. State why the resource shines some light on a perspective of this issue.

https://theconversation.com/forced-sterilization-policies-in-the-us-targeted-minorities-and-those-with-disabilities-and-lasted-into-the-21st-century-143144

Why this resource is valuable: It provides deeper insight into the intersection of race, reproductive rights, and systemic abuse, helping to understand the long-term consequences of these policies.

State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

Naturally, the US was the home of the worlds first sterilazation law in 1907. (gross) Thirty-one states followed suit and state sanctioned sterilization rose year after year while its highest was in the 1930s.

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Forced sterilization policies in the US targeted minorities and those with disabilities – and lasted into the 21st century

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The US has a long history of forced sterilization campaigns that were driven by the bogus ‘science’ of eugenics, racism and sexism.

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15.5 Psychological Adaptation and Mental Health Discussion

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15.5 Psychological Adaptation and Mental Health Discussion

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1. What is the role of the Black Church and the mental health of the African American community?

The Black Church has historically played a vital role in the African American community by offering spiritual guidance, social support, and a sense of belonging. In terms of mental health, the church often serves as a safe space where individuals can seek comfort and counsel. For many, it has been a place to address emotional struggles when traditional mental health services were either inaccessible or stigmatized. However, while the church offers strong emotional and spiritual support, it has sometimes discouraged seeking clinical mental health care, especially when mental illness was seen as a moral or spiritual failing.

1. How is culturally competent care vital to the success of the mental health relationship between the provider of clinical mental health services and the African American community?

Culturally competent care is essential because it ensures that mental health providers understand, respect, and integrate a patient’s cultural background into treatment. For the African American community, this means acknowledging historical trauma, systemic racism, and cultural stigmas surrounding mental illness. When providers are culturally aware, trust is more easily built, which can lead to more open communication, stronger therapeutic relationships, and better mental health outcomes.

1. State THREE strategies that you feel can address the issues raised in questions one and two.

Partnering with churches to educate staff about mental health can bridge the gap between spiritual and clinical support.

Encouraging more African Americans to pursue careers in health care can help patients feel better understood and represented.

Hosting workshops and events within African American communities that address mental health in culturally relevant ways can reduce stigma and increase access to care.

1. Search online for a resource that helps you understand this topic more and post it to your Padlet. State why the resource shines some light on a perspective of this issue.

https://agapelive.com/

The Agape International Spiritual Center plays a significant role in supporting mental health within the African American community by integrating spiritual practices with emotional and psychological well-being. Agape addresses mental health challenges through a culturally sensitive lens, recognizing the unique experiences of the African American community.

2. State one thing that you learned or one thing that stood out to you from the unit required reading, optional reading or audio material in this unit.

One thing that really stood out to me from the unit was how deeply intergenerational trauma affects the mental health of African Americans. Learning about how past events like slavery, segregation, and ongoing racism still have an impact today helped me see why it’s so important for mental health care to be culturally aware and sensitive to both personal and shared experiences.

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Shelby James Psych 110 FALL 2021 Film Analysis (1)

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[Untitled Fri Apr 11 2025 10:40:59 GMT-0700 (Pacific Daylight Time)]

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[Untitled Fri Apr 11 2025 10:40:59 GMT-0700 (Pacific Daylight Time)]