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Eukaryotic cells are located in plants, animals including humans, fungi, and protozoa. They are together classified under the kingdom Eukaryota.

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They contain membrane-bound organelles and a well-defined nucleus. A complex nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus

Their cell wall consists of cellulose and some other carbohydrates

The genetic material is DNA, which is linear and has multiple origins of replication. The DNA is complexed with histone proteins

They contain cytoskeletal structural elements (microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments) that provide structural support to the cell

Cilia and flagella are the locomotory organs

Reproduce either asexually by mitosis or fission or sexually

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Is a double-membrane bound organelle that contains all the genetic information of the cell. It is the most prominent and essential part. A nucleus has four main parts: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus,chromatin.

Functions

Storing genetic information as DNA that is necessary for the development and cell reproduction

Containing information for protein synthesis and other cellular functions

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It is bounded by two membranes. Mitochondria contain DNA, RNA, and other components required for protein synthesis.

Functions

Producing energy as ATP

Regulating cell metabolism

Performing protein synthesis for itself

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It is a small network of tubular structures. It divides the cell cytoplasm into two parts: luminal and cytoplasm. They are of two types: a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) that is devoid of the ribosome and b) rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), with the attached ribosome.

Functions

Performing lipid synthesis (SER)

Carrying out protein-folding and transporting them to Golgi apparatus (SER)

Performing protein synthesis (RER)

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Structures not bounded by a membrane. They are made of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and proteins. It has a size of between 25 and 30 nm.

Function

Acting as the site for proteins and polypeptides synthesis

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It is a cellular organelle

Function

Production of glycoproteins (proteins with carbohydrates) and glycolipids (lipids with carbohydrates)

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Membrane-bound organelles formed in the Golgi apparatus. They contain rich hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases, proteases, and peptidases. Lysosomes are thus called ‘suicidal bags’.

Functions

Digesting lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

Preventing the entry of foreign particles such as bacteria and viruses and destroying them

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Are cylindrical organelles composed of a microtubule protein called tubulin.

Functions

Cell division by facilitating the separation of chromosomes, containing DNA,

Formation of Cilia and Flagella (to provide the cell with the ability to sense extracellular signals and also helps in movement)

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It is a lipid layer of phospholipids and other substances that provides protection to the cell.

functions

Provides stable conditions inside

One of them is to transport nutrients into the cell and expel toxic substances out of the cell.

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Is a membrane-bound cellular organelle.

Function

Vacuoles are generally small and help retain waste products.

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Is the form in which DNA is presented in the cell nucleus,

organized composed of DNA, RNA and proteins.

functions

Provide the genetic information necessary for cellular organelles to carry out transcription and protein synthesis

They conserve and transmit the genetic information contained in DNA, duplicating the DNA in cellular reproduction.

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The nuclear envelope is made up of two concentric membranes.

Function

It is the envelope that surrounds and delimits the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell.