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4.6 billion years ago

The sun formed 4.6 billion years ago from a dust and gas cloud left behind by supernovae.

Alongside the sun an accretion disk formed from leftover material

4.5-4.4 billion years ago

From the accretion disk, all 8 planets including Earth formed

Earth formed from heaver elements left in the inner solar system after lighter elements were carried out to the outer solar system

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4.6-4 billion years ago

Characterized by Earth's hellish conditions

Impact with a proto-planet formed the moon

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Precambrian: 4.5 billion years ago - 542 million years ago

Atmosphere was very different compared to today, mostly consisting of methane and lacking oxygen

Fossil records of the Precambrian are buried under many layers of rocks or destroyed

Archean Era: 4 - 2.5 billion years ago

Early oceans formed, along with small proto-continents

The oldest remaining rocks are dated to this era.

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2.5 billion years ago

Cyanobacteria, some of Earth's first organisms, appeared 2.5 billion years ago

Cyanobacteria over time helped oxygenate the atmosphere as they took in CO2 and pumped oxygen out into the atmosphere

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The Appearance of Oxygen in The Atmosphere

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The Appearance of Oxygen in The Atmosphere

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2.5 billion years ago

Oxygen was first produced by cyanobacteria

Oxygen was absorbed by iron in the oceans, which released the oxygen once they dissolved and oxidized.

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2.5 billion years ago - 538 million years ago

Stable continents began to form and break apart over time

Complex life also formed during this time

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2.5-2.1 billion years ago

Around the same time oxygen appeared in the atmosphere, Earth's first glaciation started

Most of Earth's surface was covered in ice sheets

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The First Appearance of Multicellular Organisms

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The First Appearance of Multicellular Organisms

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1.4-1.2 billion years ago

The first multicellular organisms evolved around 1.2 billion years ago, according to fossil records

The first multicelllular organisms were algae

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700 million years ago

At least once in its life, Earth was completely covered in ice sheets

This is known as Snowball Earth

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1 billion years ago

The first fungi appeared around a billion years ago

Fungal structures were some of the oldest plant fossils discovered

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600 million years ago

Formed through chemical reactions between oxygen and uv radiation from the Sun

Started forming 2 billion years ago, and completed formation 600 million years ago

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660 million years ago

The oldest fossil records of invertebrates date back around 660 million years

They were some of the first multicellular organisms

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Cambrian Period, Paleozoic Era, Phanerozoic Eon

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Cambrian Period, Paleozoic Era, Phanerozoic Eon

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Cambrian period:

542-485 million years ago

Paleozoic Era:

541-252 million years ago

Phanerozoic Eon

538 million years ago - now

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500 million years ago

Vertebrates first evolved 500 million years ago.

The earliest nown vertebrates were jawless fish.

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485 -443 million years ago

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480 million years ago

insects first evolved 480 million years ago

Insects evolved from crustaceans

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460-430 million years ago

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445 million years ago

Eliminated about 85% of Earth's species

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443-419 million years ago

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435 million years ago

Plants first appeared 435 million years ago

They were some nof the first organisms to live on land,

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430 million years ago

Land animals came shortly after plants on land.

Many animals loved on land because of competition for resources in the ocean

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419-358 million years ago

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370 million years ago

Amphibians evolved from a lungfish ancestor 370 million years ago

Amphibians dominated the land for a period of time until reptiles came along

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365 million years ago

Caused by rises in sea level

Wiped out up to 80% of Earth's species

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360-255 million years ago

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358-323 million years ago

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340 million years ago

Evolved from amphibians

Later came to replace amphibians as the dominant land vertebrates

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323-298 million years ago

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298-251 million years ago

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250 million years ago

Caused by global warming

Wiped out 95% of Earth's species

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Triassic Period

251-201 million years ago

Mezozoic Era

251-66 million years ago

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230 million years ago

Dinosaurs are classified as reptiles

However, they had many distinctions from other reptiles, such as their size and legs being under their bodies

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201 million years ago

Caused by mass volcanic eruptions

Wiped out ~75% of Earth's species

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201-145 million years ago

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180 million years ago

Mammals evolved from a sector of reptiles called therapsids

Mammals are some of the only warm blooded organisms

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150 million years ago

Birds evolved from a group of dinosaurs called theropods.

Birds are some of the only other warm blooded animals aside from mammals

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145-65 million years ago

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120 million years ago

Flowering plants spread fast due to their high reproduction rates and short reproduction cycles

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65 million years ago]

The last major mass extinction on record

Caused by the fallout of an asteroid impact in modern day Mexico

Wiped out 75% of Earth's species

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Paleogene Period

65-23 million years ago

Cenozoic Era

65 million years ago - now

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23-2.6 million years ago

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2.6 million years ago

Last of 5 major ice ages

Ongoing

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2.6 million years ago - now

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2 million years ago

The first human species, Homo habilis, evolved 2 million years ago in Africa

Modern humans, called Homo sapiens, evolved around 200,000 years ago