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A man from the borough of Camden, North London, UK, is our next speaker in line. The accent he uses is the RP standard or mostly known as Regular Pronunciation in British English.

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Looking through sources for references be like:

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Referencing allows people to acknowledge the contributions of other authors and researchers in their work. ⌨️

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Nur Irdina binti Abdul Ghani ✧ 2023184623

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Nur Irdina binti Abdul Ghani ✧ 2023184623

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Dina's little introduction: Hello and greetings to everyone who are currently reading this! As you've already seen on the top of this picture of mine, I'm Irdina or Dina, as most would call me.

Our take on this project consists of endless curiosity and acknowledgement towards the differences that different cultures possess when speaking the global language, English. Join a ride with us as we guide you to our findings. May all of you have a pleasant ride ahead! o(*^▽^*)┛

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Zainab's little introduction: Hi, everyone! I'm Zainab and you may just simply call me, Zainab. It's such a pleasure to be working on this project together with Irdina as this is an interesting assessment that involves us studying how different English is being spoken to in different countries.

May you all enjoy our humble pair work and don't forget to swipe and scroll through the sections. Thank you! <3

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An unknown speaker had been discovered on the International Dialects of English Archive website. The individual presenting the speech is a man, originating from California. The age of the individual in question was not explicitly mentioned, and no more information on his age could be found on the website.

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EIC453 - NUR IRDINA & ZAINAB'S_REFERENCES

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Nur Irdina binti Abdul Ghani (2023184623) ✧ Self-Reflection

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Nur Irdina binti Abdul Ghani (2023184623) ✧ Self-Reflection

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Students' Introduction

- Irdina

- Zainab

Introduction

- Methodology

- Demographic of speakers

Background history of Inner Circle Englishes

- Western American (California), United States of America

- England, United Kingdom

Analysis

Audio files of both speakers & Transcriptions

3 Variations

- Phonemic variation

- Prosodic variation

- Lexical variation

Reflection & Conclusion

References

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A little history about Camden, North London.

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The Early Days

Camden Town has its origins in the 18th century, when it was a small rural settlement on the outskirts of London. The area was named after Charles Pratt, the 1st Earl of Camden, and it grew rapidly with the arrival of the Grand Union Canal in the late 18th century. The canal brought trade and industry to Camden Town, transforming it into a bustling industrial center.

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The British Library is a magnificent jewel that is proudly located in Camden Borough. Want to know the most amazing thing about it? The British Library contains 625 kilometers of shelves and 150 million books!

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Camden Locks on London's 'rural' Regent's Canal has been revitalized into one of the most vibrant destinations for a fun day out.

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It's a great spot for gongoozling (watching boats drift past) and people watching!

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Zainab binti Mohd Nazri (2023305319) ✧ Self Reflection

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Zainab binti Mohd Nazri (2023305319) ✧ Self Reflection

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ZAINAB BINTI MOHD NAZRI-SELF REFLECTION (EIC453)

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California is an American state in the western part of the country. It is known for having a wide range of landscapes, climates, and populations. Before Europeans came to California, there were many different Native American groups living there. Each had its own language, traditions, and lifestyles. It has the most people in the U.S. and is home to people from various backgrounds.

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I would like to express my sincere appreciation to IDEA for its important contribution as a useful resource. The assignment for Global Englishes was made significantly easier due to IDEA's user-friendly interface and huge quantity of material provided. The entire team is deserving of appreciation for their undying dedication and persistent dedication to achieving greatness.

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Los Angeles, in southern California, is the center of the entertainment business around the world and is known for making films and TV shows. It is almost impossible to ignore the well-known 'Hollywood' sign when we talk about California, right?

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The Giant Forest of Sequoia National Park in California is home to the largest tree on Earth in terms of volume, the General Sherman. The structure has a highest point of around 275 feet (equivalent to 83.8 metres) and is believed to have an estimated age of approximately 2,200 years.

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Let's test on your accents shall we? (￣y▽,￣)╭ 

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Let's test on your accents shall we? (￣y▽,￣)╭ 

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английская грамматика

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ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਵਿਆਕਰਣ

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ไวยากรณ์ภาษาอังกฤษ

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how to speak english fluently and confidently

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If you're NOT British, read these sentences in your best British accent! 🇬🇧

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If you're NOT British, read these sentences in your best British accent! 🇬🇧#InstantEnglishUK #BritishEnglish #Britishpronunciation

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When Americans try British Accents #Shorts

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Just everyday British guy in America problems...

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Some Camden expressions you might be interested in

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Some Camden expressions you might be interested in

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I teach you English in Camden Town - London 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿

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What do New Yorkers think about Cali accent?

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What do New Yorkers think about Cali accent?

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They do speak pretty slow..

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE FROM LA AND NYC😭

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Hi everyone✨ if you enjoy content like this than subscribe to my channel @dojadog , and don't forget to like this video!!To support me, feel free to buy me c...

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Californian Accent - Anonymous (Speaker 1)

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Californian Accent - Anonymous (Speaker 1)

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1. Vowel Shift

"Mirror" /ˈmɪrər/.

In Californian English, the vowel sound in "mirror" may be heard as a diphthong. The vowel sound in "mirror" could be /ɪər/ or /ɛər/, with a schwa (/ə/) or an open vowel (/ɛ/) at the beginning. When the speaker said the word "mirror", it sounds like "mir-rer" with an e.

2. Rhotocity

"Tire" /taɪəɹ/:

For most cases, Californian speaker would pronounce the word as /ˈtaɪr/ where the 'r' at the end of the word is not voiced. The speaker, however, said "tire" as /taɪəɹ/, giving it an 'r' coloring which makes it rhotic.

3. Intervocalic Flapping

"Letter" /ˈlɛɾɚ/:

Between vowels, the 't' in "letter" can change into the flap sound (/ɾ/), which makes the word sound like "ledder with an obvious 'd' instead of 't'.

4. Vowel Reduction

"area" /ˈɛriə/:

Vowels can be shortened in Californian English words that aren't stressed. When the speaker said "area," for example, the second vowel changed to the schwa sound (/ə/).

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Californian Accent - Anonymous (Speaker 1)

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Californian Accent - Anonymous (Speaker 1)

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Due to the difference in accents between American and British people, it is possible that they might use distinctive vocabulary to express identical meanings. There are few examples we can see from our two speakers.

1. The word 'territory' in "An old zoo in a deserted district of the territory /ˈtɛrəˌtɔri/".

People in British English may use the word "territory" to talk about a certain area or country a lot more frequently. The word that would mean the same thing in American English could be "region" or "area."

However, this does not mean that Americans are not familiar with the word 'territory'. They still use the word mentioned, but usually for different context. It is rare, but not impossible to see American use the word 'territory' when they talk about region or area.

2. The word 'nearer' in "That area was much nearer /ˈnɪrər/ for her and more to her liking".

This use of the term 'nearer' to refer to the closeness of the new workplace area represents a lexical pattern commonly found in British English. In the context of American English, individuals may use the terms 'closer' or some may even prefer to use 'more convenient' to express something of the same meaning. The use of the term 'nearer' in this audio helps highlight a significant variation in the way in which 'closeness' is articulated.

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Vowel, consonant, and intonation patterns can all change in British English phonemic variants.

1. "Mirror" /ˈ mɪrə/, "tower" /ˈtaʊə/ and "her" /hɜː/: The 'r' sound is non-rhotic, meaning it is not pronounced at the end of words or before a consonant. So, "mirror" might sound more like "mi-uh," and "her" is pronounced more like "heh." Tower is also pronounced without the prominent "r" (ruh) sound at the end of the word, hence, when Thomas said it, it sounds as such, "toweh".

2. "Dress": The 'e' sound is pronounced with a shorter 'e' sound, sounding more like "/drɛs/" instead of "dress" with a longer 'e.'

3. "Goose": The 'oo' sound is pronounced with a rounded 'oo' sound, sounding more like "/gu:se/" instead of "goose" with a flatter 'oo.'

4. "Bath": The 'a' sound is pronounced with a shorter 'a' sound, sounding more like "/bɑːθ/" instead of "bath" with a longer 'a.'

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Californian Accent - Anonymous (Speaker 1)

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Californian Accent - Anonymous (Speaker 1)

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1. Intonation Patterns

People from California often use rising intonation at the end of remarks or questions. Hence, we can hear the speaker's intonation rise towards the end of the sentence: "That area was much nearer for her and more to her liking".

In IPA transcription, the sentence is written as "ðæt ˈɛriə wəz mʌʧ ˈnɪrər fɔr hɝr ənd mɔr tʊ hɝr ˈlaɪkɪŋ"

His intonation for the word "liking" is different from the rest of the sentence, which could possibly mean the tone is questioning or uncertain. It is safe to say that he emphasizes that mentioned word specifically.

2. Sentence Stress

Sentence-level stress can be used by speakers from California in order to emphasise important details. An illustration of the weight that is placed on "Mary Harrison" can be seen in the line "The owner of the goose, Mary Harrison."

In IPA transcription, this sentence is written as "ðə ɡusɪz ˈoʊnər, ˈmɛri ˈhærɪsən".

"Mary Harrison" in the mentioned sentence suggests that this specific information holds an important place within the given context. We can also hear how the speaker stops for a second before saying her name, which shows how important it is.

The unique melody and rhythm of California English come from these changes in prosody. When spoken, these changes can express different shades of meaning.

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There are certain words in the story that Thomas has read that may or may not have the dissimilarities with the American accent. For example:

1. The word "porridge" in the sentence, "She ate a bowl of porridge /ˈpɒrɪdʒ/, checked herself in the mirror and washed her face in a hurry".

The term "porridge" in the UK and Ireland refers to what Americans refer to as "oatmeal". Oatmeal is technically a kind of porridge, however porridge may also be made with grains other than oats, such rice, maize, and millet. Congee, a rice porridge, is actually a staple in many Asian nations.

Hence, in this sense, there is quite a difference how the Brits would call "porridge" as how it is and how American would use a different term instead in their normal basis. We could conclude that even though the ingredients to make porridge in both lands are almost to exact identical, yet the label on the name could be different depending on the country that is being spoken in. This is one of the many that differentiate American and British accents lexically.

To include more evidence, there is a website named, "Not One-Off Britishsms", that claimed in their writing:

The function that drew my attention was "Porridge," a term we don't often use in the United States outside of fairy tales like "The Three Bears." After eating it at English B and Bs, I got the impression that "porridge" is what we refer to as "oatmeal" in the United Kingdom. This is essentially what Anglo-American linguist Lynne Murphy affirmed. She claimed on Twitter that oatmeal is what is often served for porridge in Britain, where oats are the default ingredient. You would have to be more specific for others—"buckwheat porridge," for example.

2. Next there is a word "fleece" in a sentence that can be seen here; "Then she put on a plain yellow dress and a fleece jacket, picked up her kit and headed for work".

The term "fleece" has two meanings which are:

a) The dense wool that covers an animal, particularly a sheep, or the wool that is used to manufacture apparel.

b) To deceive someone by charging them too much or taking their money dishonestly.

In this context of sentence, it surely means of a material of clothing that Sarah was wearing in the story.

Whilst, "jacket" is not regularly used by the British people. They would mostly use the term "jumper" or "sweater". Whereas Americans are the ones who accustomed to the usage "jacket" while talking about a piece of clothing, mostly used as an outerwear. For usual, Americans would use the word "jacket" in a sentence as such, "bring your jacket with you". It is usually heard when someone told their accompany to bring their jacket along with them to go out somewhere. This term is heard regularly in television shows too.

Instead of using the term "fleece jacket" in British English, the people there would generally call it as a "jumper". Sweater and jumper are terms that are often used to refer to the same item because of their close similarities. In the UK, the word "jumper" is typically used more. Similar to a sweater, a jumper is a long-sleeved garment worn on top of the body that is often made of knit or crocheted fabric, however it can also be made of cotton or jersey. Depending on the fabric and pattern, jumpers and sweaters may often be worn up or down.

In the United States, long-sleeved tops that are frequently worn over t-shirts or over coats are referred to as "sweaters". Though the Americans call "sweaters" as well, it is more common to hear the term being used amongst the Brits.

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INTONATION

The intricate structure of meaning conveyed by intonation is expressed through the rise and fall of a speaker's voice.

Thomas uses a fall to rise intonation pattern. While listening to the audio carefully, one can hear him saying his sentences like so, “Then she put on a plain yellow dress and a fleece jacket picked up her kit and headed for work”.

Whilst in the IPA system it would look as so, /ðen ˈʃi: ˈpʊt ˈɒn ə ˈpleɪn ˈjeləʊ ˈdres ənd ə fliːs ˈdʒækɪt pɪkt ˈʌp hɜː kɪt ənd ˈhedɪd fə ˈwɜːk/.

When he begin his sentence, he has this fall tone then towards the ending of his sentence, his intonation began to risen. Though occasionally, he would risen his intonation in the middle of his sentence. This is what we call a fall-rise intonation. The highlighted words are the risen intonation in the sentence.

STRESS

The process of pronouncing a word or syllable more emphatically than other words in the same sentence or other syllables within the same word.

When it comes to Thomas' accent make his stress words sound more prominent. For instance, "Before long, that itchy goose began to strut around the office like a lunatic, which made an unsanitary mess."

The IPA transcribed text would look as so, /bɪˈfɔː ˈlɒŋ, ðæt ˈɪtʃi ˈgu:s bɪˈɡæn tu strʌt əˈraʊnd ði ɒfɪs laɪk ə ˈluːnətɪk, wɪtʃ ˈmeɪd ən ʌnˈsænətri ˈmes/.

The highlighted words are which Thomas had put force on. This action makes listeners put on their ears more attentively as his reading had a proper stress on the information that is interesting for everyone who listens. "itchy" and "lunatic" describes the goose's distress form. Thomas' proper stressing on those words are very pleasing to listen to as listeners can identify that the goose was in such state. Whilst the stress on "un"-sanitary is also a great way of giving more expression towards the sentence. All in all, using stress while conveying or telling a story has great outcomes as it can pull in listeners to be more interested with the story the narrator is telling about.

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Languages differ from region to region, social class to social class, situation to situation, and person to person.

This situation is caused by an almost infinite number of factors, including birthplace, residence, education, social milieu, and age.

It can detect phonological variation by comparing English pronunciation in different locations, among different social groups, or by monitoring the same speaker's pronunciation in different situations.

The range of any given speaker's pronunciation is defined by their geographic and social background.

In linguistics, variation is a central puzzle ¹. Language is a system that maps meanings to forms, but it is not always a one-to-one mapping.

One meaning can have multiple forms (variation), and one form can have multiple meanings (ambiguity). In both cases, the speaker/hearer must make a decision during performance (speaking vs. understanding).