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Language

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code-switching: having to appeal to the dominant culture of school adds an additional layer of brain space

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code-switching: having to appeal to the dominant culture of school adds an additional layer of brain space

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Not understanding the rules of social functioning (sarcasm is a key example of this)

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Not understanding the rules of social functioning (sarcasm is a key example of this)

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Resources

Learning style

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Insufficient previous knowledge or skills

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Language, cultural, socio-economic, family influence, accessibility

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Access to tech.

Fluency in language

Ability or lack to use certain tools due to disability

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creating opportunities for students to collaborate in low stakes environments (I.e. ice breakers, thinking groups etc) prior to high stakes (assessed projects)

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Teachers can be a barrier - ableist programming 

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Teachers can be a barrier - ableist programming 

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Learner exceptionalities

Limited access to technology

Language

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Not having someone who can help them with schoolwork at home

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Not having someone who can help them with schoolwork at home

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home or social issues affecting ability to focus on tasks at school

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home or social issues affecting ability to focus on tasks at school

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Reliance on working memory with instructions or tasks (ableism). Assumptions related to gender, race, ethnicity, etc. Behaviours that go unchallenged (ex. bullying, racist language)

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Being an introvert in an extrovert world 

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Being an introvert in an extrovert world 

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In my work, I have limited access to information about students. What I know I mostly learn from the students themselves. I am unable to contact their families, or to ask questions which might also help enhance/extend their learning. I often don't even know what they look like, or how well they understand what we're doing (teaching to the black square).

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accessibility in the classroom for invisible disabilities; ensuring that there are multimodal resources in the classroom such as physical manipulatives

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Language.  Strategies for overcoming - translanguaging, vocabulary lists, visual supports, partners/buddy, technology, etc.

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Language.  Strategies for overcoming - translanguaging, vocabulary lists, visual supports, partners/buddy, technology, etc.

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Access to technology, stable internet, learning tools

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Access to technology, stable internet, learning tools

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financial strain -- not all families can fully participate (French Immersion elitism)

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financial strain -- not all families can fully participate (French Immersion elitism)