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The United States Olympic hockey team of amateurs defeated the dominant Soviet Union team at the Lake Placid Winter Games. This is seen as a Cold War triumph, it became one of the most iconic moments in sports history

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An explosion at Ukraine's Chernobyl nuclear plant released massive radiation across Europe, leading to large scale evacuations and environmental damage. It exposed Soviet safety flaws and devastated public faith in nuclear energy.

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(Module 30, pg. 985)

This conflict between Iran and Iraq caused over one million casualties and devastated both nations. Driven by territorial and religious tensions, it ended with little territorial change.

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East and West Berliners gathered to tear down the Wall, symbolizing the end of decades of division and the Cold War. This event set off the collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe.

(Module 32, pg. 1038)

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At the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, Diego Maradona scored a controversial “handball” goal against England and followed it with an iconic solo strike. That game became legendary and is now part of soccer history.

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1992 – US Men’s Basketball “Dream Team”

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1992 – US Men’s Basketball “Dream Team”

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At the 1992 Olympics, the USA sent NBA stars like Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson to play basketball. They easily won gold, beating other teams by huge margins. The team helped make basketball more popular around the world. It’s still considered the greatest basketball team of all time.

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1986 – Mike Tyson Becomes Heavyweight Champion

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1986 – Mike Tyson Becomes Heavyweight Champion

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At age 20, Tyson became the youngest-ever heavyweight champion after a knockout win over Trevor Berbick. His reign changed boxing with unprecedented speed and dominance.

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This Star Wars sequel introduced deeper emotional stakes, iconic characters like Yoda, and the famous “I am your father” twist. It became one of the most influential science fiction movies ever, proving that sequels could be even better than the original. The movie’s darker tone and visual effects changed how sci-fi stories were told. It remains a fan-favorite and pop culture milestone.

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Directed by Steven Spielberg, E.T. tells the story of a boy who becomes friends with an alien stranded on Earth. Its emotional message of friendship and acceptance captured the hearts of audiences worldwide. It was the film of the 1980s that earned the most money and earned critical acclaim. The film’s themes and visuals have made it a lasting classic in cinema history.

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This time travel adventure follows teenager Marty McFly as he accidentally travels to 1955 in a DeLorean car. The mix of humor, science fiction, and suspense made it a huge box office hit. It helped define 1980s pop culture and inspired two sequels. The movie is remembered for its creativity, charm, and its influence on time-travel stories.

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Thriller combined pop, rock, and R&B into one of the most successful albums ever made. It included hits like “Billie Jean” and “Beat It,” and featured groundbreaking music videos that changed MTV forever. The album won 8 Grammy Awards and became a global phenomenon. Michael Jackson became the “King of Pop” thanks to this record.

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1984 – Purple Rain – Prince and the Revolution

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1984 – Purple Rain – Prince and the Revolution

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Released with a feature film of the same name, Purple Rain blended rock, funk, and pop. It showcased Prince’s musical talent with hits like “When Doves Cry” and “Let’s Go Crazy.” The album sold millions and helped Prince become a global superstar. Its unique sound influenced music for decades to come.

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1984 – Purple Rain – Prince and the Revolution

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This album focused on spiritual themes, American life, and political issues, making it both powerful and meaningful. Songs like “With or Without You” and “I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For” topped charts worldwide. The band won Album of the Year at the Grammys, and their sound inspired many other rock bands. It was U2’s breakthrough into worldwide fame.

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Invented in the 1970s but popularized in the 1980s, the Rubik’s Cube became the most famous puzzle toy of the decade. Kids and adults around the world were obsessed with solving the colorful cube. It inspired competitions, books, and even championships. The Rubik’s Cube remains a symbol of the ’80s and brainy fun.

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These unique dolls with different names and faces caused store stampedes during the holidays. Parents lined up for hours to get one, making them one of the most famous toys of the decade. Their popularity helped launch a trend of toy collecting. Today, they’re remembered as a symbol of 1980s childhood.

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Inspired by dance movies like Flashdance, leg warmers became a fashion trend in the early ’80s. Worn over tights or jeans, they were popular with teens and adults alike. Though made for dancers, they became everyday streetwear. The trend is often remembered for its unique mix of fitness and fashion.

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The CD brought digital sound quality to music lovers for the first time. It replaced cassette tapes and records with a new way to store and play songs. CDs were more durable and offered clearer sound. This innovation revolutionized how people listened to music in the 1980s and 1990s.

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1983 – First Mobile Phones (Motorola DynaTAC)

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1983 – First Mobile Phones (Motorola DynaTAC)

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Motorola released the first portable cellphone, the DynaTAC 8000X. It was large and expensive, but it allowed people to make calls without being at home or work. This invention marked the beginning of mobile communication. Today’s smartphones trace their roots back to this bulky but groundbreaking device.

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1983 – First Mobile Phones (Motorola DynaTAC)

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Microsoft released its first version of Windows, bringing a new way to use computers with icons, windows, and a mouse. Before this, users had to type commands to make computers work. Windows made personal computers more user-friendly. It was a key step toward the digital world we live in today.

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Diego Maradona, one of the greatest soccer players ever, retired from the game in 1994. His career was filled with both amazing talent and controversy. Known for the “Hand of God” goal and brilliant footwork, he inspired millions of fans. His retirement marked the end of an unforgettable sports legacy.

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The U.S. Women’s Soccer Team won the 1999 World Cup in a dramatic shootout against China. Brandi Chastain’s celebration ripping off her jersey became one of the most famous moments in sports history. The win helped grow support for women’s sports in the U.S. and around the world. It remains one of the most important victories in women’s soccer history.

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In 1991, scientists at CERN launched the world’s first website, which explained how the World Wide Web worked. This made the internet usable by people outside of research centers. It was a huge step forward in sharing information around the world. That one website opened the door to the online world we know today.

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The Mosaic browser made the internet easy to use for ordinary people, not just scientists. It introduced clickable links and images on web pages, which was a big deal at the time. Mosaic helped the Internet grow quickly into a global system. Many modern browsers were inspired by this one.

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Microsoft launched Windows 95 with a start menu and taskbar features still used today. It made computers more fun and easier for everyday users. The system sold millions of copies in a short time and was advertised with The Rolling Stones’ music. It shaped the modern PC experience.

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In December 1991, the Soviet Union officially broke apart into 15 independent nations, ending decades of Cold War rivalry. The collapse paved the way for democratic reforms and market economies across Eastern Europe and parts of Asia. It marked the end of global bipolarity and shifted U.S.–Russia relations. (Module 32

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1994 – End of Apartheid & Election of Nelson Mandela

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1994 – End of Apartheid & Election of Nelson Mandela

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On May 10, 1994, Nelson Mandela became South Africa’s first Black president in the nation’s first multiracial election. This election ended 27 years of apartheid, a system of legal racial segregation. Mandela’s leadership focused on reconciliation and transforming society. (Module 32, pg. __)

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1994 – End of Apartheid & Election of Nelson Mandela

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Between April and July 1994, nearly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were slaughtered by extremist militias in Rwanda. The crisis lasted just 100 days and shocked the world. The failure of global leaders to act led to major changes in humanitarian policy.

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James Cameron’s action-packed sequel transformed sci‑fi filmmaking with groundbreaking CGI tissue morphing and epic car chases. Arnold Schwarzenegger returned, this time as a protector, and the movie became the highest-grossing R-rated film of its time. Critics praised its visuals, storytelling, and emotional depth. The film changed how action blockbusters were made.

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Steven Spielberg’s dinosaur thriller brought realistic computer-generated creatures to life like never before. It broke box-office records with over $914 million worldwide and won three Academy Awards for its effects. The film sparked a dinosaur craze and a major franchise. It raised the bar for visual effects and creature design in cinema.

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Disney’s animated epic followed Simba on his journey from cub to king, blending traditional animation with subtle digital techniques. It grossed nearly $979 million worldwide, becoming the decade’s top animated film. Its soundtrack, including Elton John’s hits, became culturally iconic. The movie taught lessons of responsibility, growth, and legacy.

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These handheld digital pets challenged kids to feed, play, and care for virtual animals on small screens. They became a 1990s craze, sparking global obsession and even causing distractions in classrooms. Tamagotchis taught responsibility in a fun, compact form. They remain one of the most memorable digital toys ever.

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Ty Warner’s plush toys, each with a unique name and birthdate, became investment collectibles in the late 1990s. Fans bought hundreds, hoping they’d be worth much more later. Beanie Babies sparked a frenzy and became the first internet-driven collector boom. They remain iconic symbols of ’90s pop culture.

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Released in September 1991, Nevermind brought grunge into the mainstream and made Kurt Cobain a global icon. The album’s lead single, “Smells Like Teen Spirit,” became a generation-defining anthem. Nevermind shifted music away from polished pop to raw, emotional rock. Its success marked the rise of alternative music in the ’90s.

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Illmatic, the debut album by 20-year-old rapper Nas, was released in April 1994 and is considered one of the greatest hip-hop albums of all time. With complex lyrics and vivid storytelling about life in New York City, it raised the bar for rap artistry. The album influenced generations of hip-hop artists. Its production featured legends like DJ Premier and Q-Tip.

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The Spice Girls’ debut album, Spice, released in 1996 (popular through 1997), sparked the global “Girl Power” movement. Songs like “Wannabe” topped charts in over 30 countries and became pop culture staples. The group’s vibrant personalities and catchy messages of empowerment connected with fans worldwide. They became the face of 1990s pop.

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Slap bracelets were colorful metal bands covered in fabric that would curl snugly around your wrist with a quick slap. Originally invented in the late ’80s, they exploded in popularity in the early-to-mid ’90s as a fun fashion accessory. Kids wore them at school in bright colors and patterns, often collecting multiples. Though some schools banned them due to minor injuries, they remain a nostalgic symbol of ’90s fun.