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Definition: a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically moral or political ones.

Example: Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a novel that reveals a hidden idea about human nature and society and its potential to end in savagery.

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Definition: An allusion is a figure of speech that makes an indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work. It's a way to add layers of meaning and evoke a specific feeling or association with the audience.

Example: Robert Frost's "Nothing Gold Can Stay" in an example as it is a poem about the fleeting nature of beauty.

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Definition: the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. Anaphora is a rhetorical device that involves repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. This repetition can create emphasis, rhythm, and a strong emotional impact.

Example: Martin Luther King Jr's "I Have A Dream" Speech as he repetitively says "I have a dream..."

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Definition: a punctuation mark used to indicate either possession or the omission of letters or numbers.

Example: Photo above.

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Definition: a direct contrast between two things.

Example: "For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil" from 1 Timothy 6:10 in the Bible.

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Definition: the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

Example: To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee uses both formal and informal diction through the language choices the characters make to show their age.

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Definition: the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

Examples: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare uses dramatic irony as the audience knows Juliet is not actually dead while Romeo does not know which leads to his death.

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Definition: the continuation of a phrase or sentence from one line to the next without any punctuation. Commonly used in poems.

Example: photo above.

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Definition: A foil character is essentially the opposite of the main character in some way.

Example: Dr. Frankenstein and his monster with their vast difference in characteristics.

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Definition: a descriptive writing style that paints pictures in the reader's mind using vivid language, appealing to their 5 senses.

Example: The grass was a vibrant green with red flowers scattered through the field. Behind it a red and orange sky lit the area.

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Definition: to put two contrasting things side by side to highlight their similarities and differences.

Example: a shiny new car parked next to a broken down rusted car.

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Definition: a figure of speech that implicitly compares two unrelated things, typically by stating that one thing is another.

Examples: "She has a heart of gold." "He is a couch potato." "Life is a highway."

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Definition: a recurring theme, image, symbol, or idea that is repeated throughout a story to reinforce a central theme or message.

Example: the color red is often used to represent anger, passion, or blood while yellow is often happiness, energy, or caution.

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Definition: a statement that seems contradictory or absurd but upon closer examination reveals a deeper truth or insight.

Example: "I must be cruel only to be kind." from Hamlet. This emphasizes paradoxical nature of actions that seem cruel but are intended to be kind.

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Definition: the action of giving an inhuman object human like abilities.

Examples: "The sun smiled at me." "The wind whispered." "The trees danced in the wind."

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Definition: a figurative language used to compare to things using "like" or "as."

Examples: "Busy as a bee." "Fits like a glove."

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Definition: using objects, characters, or events to represent something beyond their literal meaning.

Example: Crowns show power, red roses mean love, snakes mean evil, etc.

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Definition: the arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence to create meaningful and grammatically correct structures.

Example: photo above.

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Definition: the main idea or underlying message of a story, poem, or other literary work.

Examples: Coming of age, power, revenge, identity, etc.

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Definition: an author's attitude towards the subject matter they're writing about, as expressed through their language and style.

Example: Formal, optimistic, dry, inspiration, humorous, etc.