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Stanza – A grouped set of lines in a poem, often separated by a space.

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Stanza – A grouped set of lines in a poem, often separated by a space.

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Ex. verses and bridges in songs

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Ex. a single line in a song

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Rhyme Scheme – The pattern of end rhymes in a poem

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Rhyme Scheme – The pattern of end rhymes in a poem

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ex. ABAB structure

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Alliteration – Repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words.

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Alliteration – Repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words.

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ex. "seven small snakes"

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Assonance – Repetition of vowel sounds within words.

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Assonance – Repetition of vowel sounds within words.

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ex. "bright night lights"

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Consonance – Repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the end of words.

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Consonance – Repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the end of words.

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ex. "Mike likes his new bike"

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Onomatopoeia – Words that imitate sounds.

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Onomatopoeia – Words that imitate sounds.

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ex. "bang, hiss"

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Meter – The rhythmical pattern of a poem, determined by the number and type of stresses or beats.

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Meter – The rhythmical pattern of a poem, determined by the number and type of stresses or beats.

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Simile – A comparison using "like" or "as."

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Simile – A comparison using "like" or "as."

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ex. "he was as busy as a bee"

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Metaphor – A direct comparison between two unlike things.

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Metaphor – A direct comparison between two unlike things.

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ex. "life is a roller coaster"

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Personification – Giving human characteristics to non-human things.

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Personification – Giving human characteristics to non-human things.

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ex. "the rain danced on the roof"

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Hyperbole – Deliberate exaggeration for effect.

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Hyperbole – Deliberate exaggeration for effect.

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ex. "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse"

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Symbolism – The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

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Symbolism – The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

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ex. doves symbolize peace

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Tone – The speaker’s attitude toward the subject.

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Tone – The speaker’s attitude toward the subject.

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ex. "It was a dark and stormy night"

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Mood – The emotional atmosphere created by the poem.

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Mood – The emotional atmosphere created by the poem.

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Theme – The central message or insight revealed in a poem.

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Theme – The central message or insight revealed in a poem.

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ex. courage, love, hope

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Imagery – Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.

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Imagery – Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.

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ex. "the sun rises over the calm blue ocean, basking everything around it in a serene orange light."

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ex. connotation vs. denotation, word choice

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Speaker – The narrative voice in the poem (not always the poet).

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Speaker – The narrative voice in the poem (not always the poet).

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Irony – A contrast between expectation and reality, often used for effect.

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Irony – A contrast between expectation and reality, often used for effect.

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ex. saying "what nice weather we're having." when it's stormy outside

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Juxtaposition – Placing two elements side by side for contrast.

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Juxtaposition – Placing two elements side by side for contrast.

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ex. putting fire next to ice

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Paradox – A statement that appears contradictory but reveals a truth.

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Paradox – A statement that appears contradictory but reveals a truth.

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Allusion – A reference to another work of literature, person, or event.

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Allusion – A reference to another work of literature, person, or event.

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ex. Family Guy bringing up celebrities, movies, etc.