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I chose ADHD because it's such a well known issue but not many truly know what it is, only what they hear about it. I learned that there are many different ways that ADHD can show in a person. I always thought that you either had ADHD one way or you didn't have it at all. ADHD is a very interesting topic, I learned lots of information about it that will help me understand how to better help children with ADHD.

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- ADHD is charactorized by difficulties with keeping attention, over-activity, and poor impulse control.
- About 1.5% of children aged 5-15 will be correctly diagnosed with ADHD
- ADHD is more common in boys than it is in girls
- In those on the autism spectrum the rate of ADHD goes up to about a third or 33%
- A key symptom of ADHD in children is having difficulty maintaining attention

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Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of ADHD in Children

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Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of ADHD in Children

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- ADHD will happen everywhere, it won't just be when they are at school
- When avoiding medication for ADHD treatment you can try avoiding dyes, changing diet, and addressing sleep
- Often girls are diagnossed later or not diagnossed at all, especially if they have the innatentive type

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Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of ADHD in Children

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- ADHD makes it difficult for young barins to focus.
- Children with ADHD won't have a filter, so their focus is never just on one thing, they notice everything and it takes up equal importance to what they are "supposed"  to be doing
- About 5-10% of children ages 4-17 have 1 of 3 types of ADHD
- Inattention
- Impulsivity
- Hyperactivity
- If they burst out something when they aren't supposed to it doesn't mean that they are trying to be bad, they just have a hard time "keeping it together".
- Some possible management options for children are:
- Behavioral Modification Therapy
- School and Home Strategies
- Medication
- Ignoring ADHD can be harmful to the child that has it because it can make them fell shame and guilt
- Around 50% of children with ADHD grow out of it once their front lobe developes (around 25 years old)

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This video showed the differences between a typically developing child and an ADHD student and how their working memories were different. In a typically developing child when a lot of information is thrown at them they can sort it so that they only focus on what is asked of them in that current moment. However, in a student with ADHD's mind, when thye are thrown a lot of information only some of it will store in their working memory whereas the other will bounce off. It will be like they didn't even hear what it was you said. Also, With ADHD when lots of things are thrown at you often you will pull out unnecessary information from your long term memory by accident and that currently useless information takes up space in you working memory so you won't process everything that someone is saying.

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AboutKidsHealth - The Hospital for Sick Children

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ADHD and Working Memory (English) | AboutKidsHealth at The Hospital for Sick Children

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There are many different ways that ADHD can take place in a persons body. Some examples further explained in the video are anxious wreck, hot head, whiz kid, money maker, space cadet, party animal, hopeless romantic, obsessive perfectionist, and superhero. Kids go through many different emotions when they have ADHD and they may fall into one of these catagories for how they act.

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People with ADHD over-compensate as a coping mechanism. Do any of these 9 sound like you? Which ones? 🤔 #adhd #adhdcheck #learnontiktok #mentalhealth

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@danidonovan
People with ADHD over-compensate as a coping mechanism. Do any of these 9 sound like you? Which ones? 🤔 #adhd #adhdcheck #learnontiktok #mentalhealth
♬ Pullin Up - Soda

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Ways to help ADHD
- Therapist
- Join a Support group
- Share your diagnosis with others (family, friends, teachers)
- Try medications
- Keep talking to doctor
- Stay organized
- Checklist throughout the day

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. This means there are differences in the ADHD brain that affect a child's development. ADHD does not influence intelligence. It does, however, affect a person's ability to regulate attention and emotions, and it results in hyperactivity and impulsivity as well as organization problems.

Differences in the ADHD Brain

ADHD is a condition that comes under a lot of scrutiny. Naysayers question if it is real or say it is caused by lack of motivation, willpower, or bad parenting-none of which is true. However, if you or your child has ADHD, you can feel vulnerable to these comments.

Knowing that there are biological differences in the ADHD brain-compared to the brain of a person who does not have ADHD-can be validating for someone dealing with the condition, as it provides additional evidence of the realities of ADHD.

The differences can be divided into three areas: structure, function, and chemistry.

Brain Structure

For many years, research showed there were clear structural differences in the ADHD brain. The largest review ever of ADHD patient brain scans was carried out at Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and published in 2018.

Researchers reported that people with ADHD had smaller brain volume in five subcortical areas, and their total brain size was smaller, too. These differences were greater in children and less in adults.﻿﻿

Parts of the ADHD brain mature at a slower pace (approximately one to three years) and never reach the maturity of a person who does not have ADHD.

Another interesting finding was that the amygdala and hippocampus are smaller in the brains of people with ADHD. These areas are responsible for emotional processing and impulsivity and had previously not been definitively connected to ADHD.﻿﻿

Brain Function

There are several types of brain imaging techniques that allow researchers to study how the ADHD brain operates and functions. These include:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)

There are alterations in blood flow to various areas of the brains in people with ADHD compared to people who do not have ADHD, including decreased blood flow to certain prefrontal areas.﻿﻿ Decreased blood flow indicates decreased brain activity.

The prefrontal area of the brain houses the executive functions and they are responsible for many tasks including planning, organizing, paying attention, remembering, and emotional reactions.

Evidence also suggests that ADHD may be related to dysfunctional brain connectivity. Research using resting-state MRIs suggests that individuals with ADHD may have increased functional connectivity in certain regions of the brain.﻿﻿

One study published in 2010 found that children with ADHD do not have the same connections between the frontal cortex of the brain and the visual processing area.﻿﻿ This suggests that the ADHD brain processes information differently than a non-ADHD brain.

Brain Chemistry

The brain is a busy communication network where messages are relayed from one neuron (brain cell) to the next. There is a gap between neurons, which is called a synapse. In order for the message to be passed along, the synapse needs to be filled with a neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers, and each one is responsible for different functions.

The key neurotransmitters for ADHD are dopamine and noradrenaline. In the ADHD brain, there is dysregulation of the dopamine system.﻿﻿ For example, there is either too little dopamine, not enough receptors for it, or the dopamine is not being used efficiently.

Stimulant medications help ADHD because they encourage more dopamine to be produced or keep dopamine in the synapses longer.

Brain scans cannot be used to diagnose ADHD. There is no objective test to diagnose ADHD. The diagnosis of ADHD requires a full evaluation by a qualified doctor, psychologist, or psychiatrist. Diagnosis includes:

An in-depth interview with the patient

A review of school reports and medical history

Tests to measure attention, distractibility, and memory.

While PET and fMRI scans can be useful for research, they really only give an insight into how the brain is functioning at the moment the test was performed. Brain scans do not take into account how the brain operates in different situations, in the way a clinical test can during a detailed interview.

In addition, the scan data that has been studied is generally based on group averages, and may not apply to any particular individual. The results have not been normed, which is when large quantities of data are gathered and compared.

By Jacqueline Sinfield
Jacqueline Sinfield is an ADHD coach, and the author of "Untapped Brilliance, How to Reach Your Full Potential As An Adult With ADHD."

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. This means there are differences in the ADHD brain that affect a child's development. ADHD does not influence intelligence. It does, however, affect a person's ability to regulate attention and emotions, and it results in hyperactivity and impulsivity as well as organization problems. ADHD is a condition that comes under a lot of scrutiny.

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In this example of what ADHD is like the little boy, Cameron, couldn't wait his turn to play games and would just do them when he wanted to.
With ADHD the correct messages in your brain don't always get through

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Understanding ADHD (for ages 2-6) - Jumo Health

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1 in 20 children have ADHD
If you have ADHD you might:
- feel like you have a lot more energy than others
- find it hard to pay attention
- get distracted easily
- find it hard to sit still or not shout out and interrupt others

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NCMH (National Centre for Mental Health)

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ADD/ADHD - What Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

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ADD/ADHD - What Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

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ADHD is not a behavior problem. It is a problem with the brains management system.

ADHD is not necessarily going to make you misbehave, research has found that many people with ADHD didn't have behavior problems growing up, the problem arose because they were having a hard time focusing.

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ADD/ADHD | What Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

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ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that makes focusing a challenge.

Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors, or be overly active.