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Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) (1876) (WXT)

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Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) (1876) (WXT)

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Alexander Graham Bell is best known for his invention of the telephone for which he received his first patent in 1876 lecturing at Salem, Massachusetts while friends in his study at Boston listen to his lecture via telephone. He is credited since he was awarded the first successful patent but there were many other inventors like Elisha Gray and Antonio Meucci who also developed a talking telegraph. He believed that he could solve the problem of sending a human voice over a wire. His mother and wife were deaf which sparked his interest in sound technology. Revolutionizing communication. (WXT because it was a major breakthrough in the advancement of technology leading up to modern day telephones.)

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Elevator Safety Brake (Elisha Otis) (1857 debut) (WXT)

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Elevator Safety Brake (Elisha Otis) (1857 debut) (WXT)

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Riding in a elevator used to be dangerous until Elisha Otis of Otis Elevator Company invented a device that could stop a passenger elevator from falling if its rope broke. Otis dramatized his safety device on the floor of the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York. Debuting at the E.V. Haughwout and Company store in Manhattan on March 23, 1857. If the rope went slack the release of tension triggered the safety brake a large leaf spring that snapped into notches cut into rails that supported the elevator on opposite sides of the elevator car. (WXT because it is technology still needed today very revolutionary at the time.)

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Steamboat (Robert Fulton) (1807) (NAT) (GEO)

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Steamboat (Robert Fulton) (1807) (NAT) (GEO)

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After four years of development the first steamboat in public service was in 1807. Designed by American engineer Robert Fulton and built in N.Y.C. Was put in water in Clermont giving it its name North River Steamboat of Clermont. Made a journey up the Hudson River from N.Y.C to Albany in 32 hours at a speed of 5 miles per hour reducing the usual sailing time by 64 hours. Steamboats are a popular method of commercial and passenger transportation reducing time and expense of shipping. The steamboats helped power the Industrial Revolution by moving goods and people throughout the U.S. during the 1800s. (NAT because the steamboat connected more people to develop an identity.) (GEO because this human-made environment becomes a huge development to New York.)

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Telegraph (Samuel F.B. Morse) (1844) (WXT) (WOR)

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Telegraph (Samuel F.B. Morse) (1844) (WXT) (WOR)

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Developed by Samuel Morse and other inventors the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. In 1844 he dispatched the first telegraphic message over an experiment line from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore, Maryland. By 1866 a telegraph line had been laid across the Atlantic Ocean from the U.S. to Europe. Was the most widely used of multiple early messaging systems called telegraphs. Built to communicate text messages more rapidly than by physical transportation. It simply made communication vastly better revolutionizing long-distance communication. (WXT because at this point we can now communicate effectively) (WOR because sooner or later world wide communication will be possibly with this invention and idea.)

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Lowell Mills (Waltham-Lowell system) (Began in 1823) (NAT) (PCE)

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Lowell Mills (Waltham-Lowell system) (Began in 1823) (NAT) (PCE)

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Beginning in 1828 with the opening of Lowell's first factory many young women moved to the growing city. In the mills female workers encountered long hours of toil and bad working conditions however with this many female textile workers saved up money and gained some economic independence. They were in Lowell, Massachusetts which was named after Francis Cabot Lowell he introduced the new manufacturing system called the "Lowell system" or "Waltham-Lowell system". Economic instability in the 1830s as well as immigration greatly affected the mills. Overproduction cause the price of cloth to drop and the financial situation was not good due to a minor depression. The Lowell system completely revolutionized the textile industry and became a model. (NAT because women's identity started to change here.) (PCE because the women political groups were some what trying to gain power by working these jobs and feeling some what independent.)

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Sewing machine (Elias Howe) (1846) (WXT)

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Sewing machine (Elias Howe) (1846) (WXT)

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Elias Howe was born on a farm near Spencer, Massachusetts in 1819 he left the farm and traveled to Lowell, Massachusetts to apprentice in a machine shop. He patented the first ever lockstitch sewing machine in the world in 1846. It helped the mass production of sewing machines and clothing. That revolutionized the sewing industry and free women from some of the sadness of daily life at the time. It allowed women to sew clothes for their families more quickly and easily. The mass production of clothes dropped prices down allowing families more affordable individual garments. (WXT because the sewing machine was an upgrade from the previous sewing technology.)

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Mechanical Reaper (Cyrus McCormick) (1831) (WXT)

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Mechanical Reaper (Cyrus McCormick) (1831) (WXT)

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The Mechanical Reaper invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831. They were built in a factory on the north bank of the Chicago River. This machine was used by farmers to harvest crops mechanically. For hundreds of years they had to harvest crops by hand using a sickle or other method. The reaper could cut more wheat in a day than a half-dozen farmhands increasing crop yields. This resulted in more wheat much quicker and with less labor. (WXT because the mechanical reaper was a breakthrough in how farmers harvested.)

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Cotton gin (Eli Whitney and interchangeable parts) (1794) (WXT) (MIG)

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Cotton gin (Eli Whitney and interchangeable parts) (1794) (WXT) (MIG)

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U.S. born inventor Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by  speeding up the process of removing seeds. By mid-19th century cotton became America's leading export. He patented it while in Georgia. Although it reduced the labor of removing seed it did not reduce the need for slaves to grow and pick cotton. The opposite happened because cotton became very profitable. The yield of raw cotton doubled each decade after 1800. The growth of slavery occurred and it made the cotton industry of the south explode. Before this cotton was unprofitable. (WXT because this invention changed the way cotton was forever produced.) (MIG because the cotton gin was doing so well more slaves were needed to pick the cotton and migration occurred to move them to the south.)

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John Deere was a blacksmith who developed the first commercially successful steel plow in 1837 and founded the company that still uses his name. He did this in Grand Detour, Illinois when the Middle-West was first being settled. It was strong enough to break the soil apart to let farming occur. It let farmers cultivate crops better because of the smooth texture of the blade leading to crops that could be grown quicker and cheaper. (WXT because similar to the mechanical reaper these inventions really helped benefit the people who used to do all the harsh labor it is now easier.)

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Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad (1828) (WXT)

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Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad (1828) (WXT)

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The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had become one of America's largest railroad systems by 1915 extending from New York City in the east to Chicago and St. Louis in the west. The first stone was laid by Charles Carroll the American Revolutionary leader and was the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. This served as the Union's lifeline and supply chain. It provided the Union army with need supplies and helped the U.S. in a new industrial age. (WXT because the impact of this new technology was game-changing.)

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Jethro Wood is the inventor of the cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts. The first commercially successful iron moldboard plow. Developed in England the mold board was one piece with two other pieces. His greatest contribution to the plow was the interchangeability of all parts because other people have done iron plow's before. This allowed farmers to cultivate crops more efficiently and having the effect that crops could be grown quicker and cheaper. Wood's invention was the first plow where the parts most exposed to wear could be renewed in field by the substitution of cast pieces. The plow accelerated the development of American agriculture in the antebellum period. (WXT because the iron plow made cultivating crops way easier.)

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National Road (Cumberland) (1811) (NAT) (GEO)

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National Road (Cumberland) (1811) (NAT) (GEO)

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In many places known as Route 40 it was built between 1811 and 1834 to reach western settlements. Becoming the first federally funded road in U.S. history. It opened the Ohio River Valley and the Midwest for settlement and commerce. Linking eastern and western states in the first half of the 19th century starting from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois. This national road paved the way for an interstate highway system and prompted westward expansion. Being the fist major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government. (NAT because the national road gave more opportunities to focus on national identity.) (GEO because the national road spanned across the geography of the U.S. and had social and political developments.)

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Built between 1817 and 1825 the original Erie Canal traversed 363 miles from Albany to Buffalo. Was the longest artificial waterway. It put New York on the map as the Empire State the leader in population, industry, and economic strength. Connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean through the Hudson River in New York. Was an engineering accomplishment when it first opened. Over 3,000 Irish helped build it. Built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. It lowered the cost of shipping and increasing trade, spreading machinery and manufactured goods. (GEO because the Erie Canal traversed the nation's environment.) (MIG because the migrants moving to the U.S. helped with the building of the Erie Canal and the Canal itself provides transportation.)