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The loud calls of monkeys are a kind of warning that carry for longs distances advertising to potential intruders that monkey’s territory is near.

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Lions fighting to defend their territory.

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Some lions will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.

Birds are extremely territorial, females and male fight to defend their territory. Some bird fight are so brutal.

Intergroup violence is common among chimps when it is about control the territory. This wars have a long duration and high levels of planning and coordination.

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Niche is the role that an organism takes within an ecosystem.
This includes:

What it eats.

What eats it.

Its habitat.

What effect it has on the environment.

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Courtship dances are a set of behaviors in which an animal, usually a male, is trying to attract a mate. This is a type of communication.

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Pheromones are chemicals produced by animal species that can affect the behavior of the same species. Pheromones assist in reproduction, feeding, they assist like an alarm system, and to communicate.

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Hibernation helps animals avoid damage from low temperatures by being inactive during the winter, indeed Hedgehogs sleep during winter.

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Estivation helps animal organisms to avoid damage caused by high temperatures in summer.

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An instinct are patterns of behavior that are not the result of learning or experience, it’s a natural way of thinking and acting.
For example, birds in the earth tend to migrate before winter because they have an innate need to do so.

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A learned behavior is something that an organism can develop by experience or practice.
A great example of this are coyotes, some coyotes have learned to go close to human neighborhoods because people tend to feed them, therefore coyotes have this behavior.

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It means to make a mark on something or someone, such as this baby ducks who are following their new mother, baby ducks name “mother” to the first thing they see when they born.

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Classical conditioning is a process that involves creating an association between a naturally existing stimulus and a previously neutral one. The classical conditioning process involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus.
An example of this is when a dog is called by the sound of a bell, and they connect this stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, like the taste of food.

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This is a type of learning in which an organism successively tries various responses in a situation, usually at random, until one is successful in achieving the goal. Across successive trials, the successful response is strengthened and appears earlier and earlier.

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This is the waning of an animal's behavioral response to a stimulus, as a result of a lack of reinforcement during continual exposure to the stimulus. It is usually considered to be a form of learning involving the elimination of behaviours that are not needed by the animal.

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Migration is a behavioural adaptation that helps animals to survive. Some animals travel relatively short distances to find food or more favourable living or breeding circumstances. Most animals who migrate do such because of seeking food or more livable conditions.
An example of migration is geese flying south for the winter. A group migrating together.

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Excretion is a process in which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism.
Through excretion, organisms control osmotic pressure, which is the balance between inorganic ions and water, also it maintain acid-base balance. The process promotes homeostasis, the constancy of the organism's internal environment
This process helps animals to survive.

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Camouflage is a defensive tactic that an organism use to combine itself with its surroundings. Organisms use camouflage to mask their location, identity, and movement. This allows prey to avoid predators, so they can survive.

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Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators. The anatomical structures that animals use for movement, including cilia, legs, wings, arms, fins, or tails are sometimes referred to as locomotory organs or locomotory structures.
With movement, their bodies regulate hormone activity and respire, such as humans.

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These are species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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These are species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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This fish is one of the largest in size in deep waters. It is an avid predator that feeds on fishes of all kinds making it the keystone species in deep waters.

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This is a mammal in the North Pacific Ocean, which feeds on sea urchins thus maintaining the coastal marine ecosystem

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These bears are keystone species for various reasons. For starters, they control the population of salmon in water.

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Carrying capacity can be defined as a species' average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates.

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A food is something that provides nutrients

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Shelter is important because it gives organisms protection from the environmental dangers around.

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This way they can survive and reproduce.

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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS and affect the immunity system.

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Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes

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Dutch elm disease (DED) is one of the most destructive urban forest diseases. This disease affects native American elm species

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Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills.