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Maria - The Human Condition by Rene Magritte (Psychoanalysis/Freud)

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Maria - The Human Condition by Rene Magritte (Psychoanalysis/Freud)

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This piece incorporates themes of the "window painting" and the "painting within a painting" to force the viewer to question reality, representation, and perception. Ambiguous perspective and contradictory 3d/2d perspective create layers of reality that express the human condition in a way that links to Freud's psychoanalytic process of treating a patient by allowing them to realise their unconscious mind. The viewer's conscious is forced to realise their cognitive processes, which would usually be subconscious. Magritte: "For the viewer the tree was simultaneously inside the room, in the painting outside the room, in the real landscape, in thought. [...] Which is how we see the world, namely, outside of us; although having only one representation of it within us. Similarly we sometimes remember a past event as being in the present. Time and space lose meaning and our daily experience becomes paramount." The questions raised about the accuracy of representation link to the dream state Freud was fascinated by. The window suggests a more objective reality while the canvas on an easel signifies a man made representation, however the viewer then realises that both of these elements are part of a painting. Magritte creates an “ambiguous relationship between subjective and objective realms” which imitates the dream state.

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Empire of lights
The persistence  of memory
The Hunter

The Theory portrayed in these art works is Psychoanalytical theory.

The subconscious and the dream-state is very important  in Surrealism. Key to the surrealist manifesto was the idea that the dream  state could unlock the subconscious and was a font of creativity.

In the empire of lights, the scene we are presented with is eery and twilight-like. It is at once day time in the sky and night time in the latter half of the painting. Magritte causes us to question reality, with his painting that is suspended between truth and fiction.

In the persistence of memory, at first glance the scene looks realistic. However, upon closer inspection the scene is infact extremely surreal.
The laws of geometry and physics are defied. Dali's clocks are slumping and melting, invoking ideas of impotence and Oedipal themes.

In the hunter Miro draws upon automatism. This is a surealist art technique which the surrealists thought came directly from the subconscious. They attempted to unlock this by entering a trance like hallucinogenic state. Miro was said to draw directly from his imagination. His compostion appears spontanious and energetic, illustrating his strange new reality.

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Dream Caused by the flight of a bumble bee- Salvador Dali

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Dream Caused by the flight of a bumble bee- Salvador Dali

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The theory of dreams and a person's unconscious mind is being explored within this work.
Dreams were believed by Freud, to be a reflection of our unconscious desires. And images we see within our dreams can be interpreted to understand a persons unconscious.
Dali was known for creating works which were open for interpretation
In this image there are multiple images that could be seen as symbolic of Gala's (Dali's wife, and model for this painting) unconscious desires.
The bayonet piercing her arm could represent the moment of awakening, her possible desire to be awoken as she is caught in an overwhelming situation ( the tiger's leaping towards her)
The tiger emerges from a fish, which emerges from a pomegranate, in a chain-like

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Lindsay - "Cut with the Kitchen Knife...", "Fountain", "untitled (From an Ethnographic Museum)"

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Lindsay - "Cut with the Kitchen Knife...", "Fountain", "untitled (From an Ethnographic Museum)"

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How are the theories from my period shown in this artwork? How can I tell? What kind of symbols are used? How do stylistic elements carry the ideas of my theory?

The theory portrayed in these artworks is existentialism theory.

Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasised on individual existence, freedom and choice.

In "Cut with the Kitchen Knife..." the artwork shows Dada' attitude towards war: That it is chaos. That the world has gone mad. That war itself is craziness incarnate destroying humanity. This idea can be supported by the politicians that are in the artwork and how they are manipulated and positioned.

In "Fountain", the stylistic element of "ready-made" sculptures/artworks carries the ideas of the theory, existentialism. It carries the idea of the theory because it is unique and Duchamp went against the "traditional" art. It was not accepted/seen as "art" yet Duchamp himself believed it was despite the negative response from other artists and society.

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Maria - The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali (Psychoanalysis/Freud)

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Maria - The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali (Psychoanalysis/Freud)

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This piece depicts a surreal landscape to express the theme of passing time, as shown by the melting clocks and the ants, which suggest decay. The cliffs, based on coastal Catalonia, link to reality. The tree alludes to the biblical Tree of Knowledge. The clocks can also be related to Dali's interpretation of Einstein's theory of relativity, which caused discussion on the nature of time. Colour is used to show life fading from the clocks, from orange-red in the foreground to grey in the background. Hard and soft objects are associated with "order and putrefaction respectively" and Dali subverts textural qualities to depict his own mortality (seen in the central figure).

Dali believed his paintings were “hand painted dream photographs." In this piece, Dali paints with “the most imperialist fury of precision,” to contradict the dream-like scene, “systematize confusion and thus to help discredit completely the world of reality”. The dream-like quality relates to Freud's belief in dreams' ability to allow access to the unconscious mind. Repressed memories were also relevant to this theory, as suggested in the title of this piece. Freud used free association to interpret dream symbolism and relate it to the unconscious mind. Dali, interested in Freud's theories, used the paranoiac-critical method – "a state in which one could cultivate delusion while maintaining one's sanity". This involved inducing hallucinations to confront his own subconscious.
Dali's paintings exhibit traits of paranoia (which he interpreted using etymology as well as psychology – para = alternate; noia = mind). This allowed Dali to visually express aspects of his own unconscious mind, including his sexual feelings. This could possibly be related to Freud's theory of the Oedipus Complex, which involves a child's "unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex" – Dali saw time as a feminine symbol.

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Dream caused by the flight of a bumble bee, Salvador Dali

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Dream caused by the flight of a bumble bee, Salvador Dali

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'Untitled (From an Ethnographic Museum)', Hannah Hoch

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'Untitled (From an Ethnographic Museum)', Hannah Hoch

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Cut with a Kitchen knife ..., Hannah Hoch

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Cut with a Kitchen knife ..., Hannah Hoch

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The Hunter -  Catalan landscape, Joan Miro

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The Hunter -  Catalan landscape, Joan Miro

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The Persistence of memory, Salvador Dali

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The Persistence of memory, Salvador Dali

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L.H.O.O.Q (her ass is hot), Marcel Duchamp

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L.H.O.O.Q (her ass is hot), Marcel Duchamp