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| 3 Donatello, David, 1420-60
| Early Renaissance
| Bronze, large, smoothly sculpted, David has various accessories, he is depicted as very young
| Christian/biblical themes, youth and bravery, good triumphing evil as shown by Goliath’s severed head
| Offers a unique perspective on the well-known story, very humanistic
| The youthful/elegant nature of David

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The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors

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The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors

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Masaccio, The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Two Donors, 1425

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| 2 Masaccio, The Tribute Money, 1425
| Early Renaissance
| Fresco, vibrant colors and individualized subjects, continuous narrative, linear perspective, atmospheric
| Christian themes, halos signifying the holy, Christ placed in the center
| Creates an excellent sense of depth and space, utilizing the real-world light source of a chapel window
| Most famous piece from the Brancacci Chapel, clearly displays elements of the early Renaissance

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Lorenzo Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise, 1425-52

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| 1 Donatello, Mary Magdalen, 1430-50
| Early Renaissance
| Made of painted and gilded wood, clothed with her own hair, frail/downtrodden, pure spirituality
| Christian themes, humanism and an interest in the body, somewhat abstracted
| Presents a very clear straying from expectations of the past, further solidifying the impact of Donatello
| It has a very modern style to it, somewhat abstracted and stylized, a very emotional piece

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Andrea del Castagno, The Last Supper, 1445-50

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| 4 Domenico Ghirlandaio, An Old Man and a Young Boy, 1480
| Early Renaissance
| Tempera and oil, vibrant and rich colors, linear perspective as well as atmospheric
| Depicting a heartfelt scene where physical deformities are ignored, very calming in its delivery
| The use of ¾ view of the human face, and incorporation of northern European style
| It’s a very tender image which not only displays great artistic ability, but also emotion

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| 1 Da Vinci, The Virgin of the Rocks, 1485
| High Renaissance
| Warm tones, gentle and airy, atmospheric
| The Virgin Mary, Jesus and John the Baptist, motherhood, natural order/beauty
| Painted for a confraternity, popular theme of young Jesus and John at the time
| Beautiful imagery and natural setting, compliments spiritual themes with natural

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| 2 Da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495-98
| High Renaissance
| Lively and active while also reverent, strong vocal point and direction, linear perspective
| Christ and his apostles, the last supper, New Testament narrative
| Experimentation of mixing oil and tempera, unique perspective with everyone on one side of the table
| It adds a human element to these characters, the individual reactions of the apostles

Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper offers a very unique and high renaissance style view of a popular and immensely important biblical scene. While keeping a traditional setting, da Vinci is able to excite the viewer with a certain sense of energy and life that is not to be found in medieval representations. Every character in the painting is producing his own reaction and movement, signifying the imperfections of humanity, while a perfectly calm and serene Christ lies in the middle. The artist expertly presents Christ’s divinity without any use of traditional religious symbols, even utilizing a background window as a halo-like element

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| 4 Michelangelo, David, 1501-04
| High Renaissance
| Contrapposto, enlarged head, very intricately carved hair and features, ideal human form
| Christian themes, humanistic perfection, bravery and youth
| Very famous statue idealizing the perfect human form, classic example of awe-inspiring renaissance work
| It is often cited as a sculpture masterpiece, with a beautiful attention to detail.

I have always been drawn to the seemingly divine beauty and perfection found in Michelangelo’s David. It has long stood as a testament to me of the potential that humans have to create beauty and is one of the stable examples of an artistic masterpiece in my mind. While I was already familiar with this piece, the video provided back story and context that I was not previously aware of. The craftsmanship and symbolism of the great sculpture captivated the minds of the contemporary people of Florence and continues to even to this day. The monumental size and eventual very public placement of the piece helped propel it into the public eye, and whether you view it as a renaissance era Florentine or a modern-day tourist, the awe-inspiring effect remains the same.

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| 3 Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503-05
| High Renaissance
| Similar qualities to other da Vinci’s, sfumato, atmospheric, soft
| Feminine strength, natural beauty
| Considered one of the most famous paintings, well preserved example of renaissance art
| It’s cultural significance throughout the 20th century, often replicated

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Raphael, The School of Athens, 1508-11

Following the qualification of masterpiece comes Raphael’s School of Athens painting. The video and discussion on this piece really opened my eyes to the incredible transition of more humanistic thinking that took place during the renaissance. The mere fact that the philosophies of men were allowed to be celebrated in this way adjacent to theology is incredibly progressive. Another great element is the inclusion of artists into the pantheon of great minds and scholars. The consideration of artists as intellectuals has forever altered and been beneficial to public opinion and status of artists in history.

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Titian, Venus of Urbino, 1538

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Hans Holbein the Younger, Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, 1533

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Caravaggio, The Calling of St. Matthew, 1599-1600

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Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, 1767

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Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Marat, 1793

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Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Slave Ship or Slavers Throwing overboard the Dead and Dying—Typhoon coming on, 1840

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Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849

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William Holman Hunt, The Awakening Conscience, 1853-54 

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William Holman Hunt, The Awakening Conscience, 1853-54 

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Claude Monet, Wheatstack, Sun in the Mist, 1891

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Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884-86

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Vincent van Gogh, The Potato Eaters, 1885

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Vincent van Gogh, The Potato Eaters, 1885

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, La Goulue, 1891

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, La Goulue, 1891

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Henri Matisse, Femme au chapeau, 1905

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Dresden, 1908

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Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

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Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912

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Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912

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Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

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Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

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Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917

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Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Memory, 1931

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Meret Oppenheim, Object (Luncheon in Fur), 1936

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Meret Oppenheim, Object (Luncheon in Fur), 1936

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Mark Rothko, No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953

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Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl, 1963

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Donald Judd, Untitled, 1969

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Running Fence, 1972-76

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Coop Himmelblau, Rooftop Office, 1983-88