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Sir Isaac Newton, an english physicist and mathematician, most famous for his law of gravitation, was a vital part in the scientific revolution of the 17th century that swept across Europe. He was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, England. Isaac Newton was an accomplished physicist and mathematician, and is respected as one of the greatest minds of the 17th century Scientific Revolution. With  many major discoveries in optics, motion and mathematics, Newton developed the principles of modern physics. In 1687, he published his most acclaimed work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which has been called the single most influential book on physics in history. Newton died in London on March 31, 1727. without his great discoveries, we wouldn't have the concept of gravity, and we wouldn't be able to create anything that could lift off of the ground. In addition to the fact that the comon pop culture reference to the apple dropping on his head wouldn't exist.

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Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was essential in establishing the concept of a heliocentric solar system, in which the sun, rather than the earth, is the center of the solar system, his theories were later proven by galileo Galilei. Nicolaus Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473 in Torun, Poland. around the year 1508, Copernicus developed his own planetary model of a heliocentric planetary system. Around 1514, he shared his findings in the Commentariolus. His second book on the topic, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, was banned by the Roman Catholic Church decades after his death on May 24, 1543  in Frombork. Without his, at the time, crazy theories we would still belive that the universe revolved around the Earth, and we wouldn't be able to advance in to space beyond our atmosphere. Also with his discoveries, we were able to map out our solar system. and the universe

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Galileo was an Italian scientist and scholar who made legendary observations that shaped the way people thought about physics and astronomy. He was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy, Galileo Galilei was a professor in mathematics who made pioneering observations of nature with long-lasting results for the study of physics. He also supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system and constructed a telescope. Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs, and wrote books on his ideas. He died in Arcetri, Italy, on January 8, 1642. If he hadn't made those basic discoveries we would still believe that the everything revolved around the sun, and we can now accurately predict eclipses and the weather, in addition to being able to accurately send satellites into space.