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American Indian Movement(A.I.M) and the Wounded Knee

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American Indian Movement(A.I.M) and the Wounded Knee

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The American Indian Movement, commonly known as A.I.M, was a civil rights organization, founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1968 by Dennis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt, Eddie Benton Banai, and George Mitchell. Their motives were to protect the rights of Native Americans and perpetuate the spiritual and cultural independence of the Native people.

On the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, some 200 Sioux Native Americans, led by members of the American Indian Movement, occupied Wounded Knee.The Wounded Knee Incident began on February 27, 1973, they took over the town to protest the Government’s Indian policy. The gov. Indian policy is a relationship between the US and native tribes within the borders and was the constitutions responsibility to control and deal with the tribes. They controlled the town for 71 days and had a massacre between the federal troops and the Sioux.

Today many natives are extremely upset about the Dakota access pipeline, going through their ancestors land. They protest against the army troops and law enforcement, hoping that the government will move the pipeline somewhere else.

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The upside down american flag is symbolic to protest the ... by Joseph LaRocca

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The upside down american flag is symbolic to protest the ... - ThingLink

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The “Trail of Broken Treaties” was a protest where native Americans fought for their rights and happiness in 1972. It was organized by members of the  American Indian Movement (AIM) to bring about media awareness to native grievances. The trail began on the with 7 caravans leaving the West Coast headed to Washington DC. The activists took with them their 20 Points Position Paper, which outlined the goals and issues facing Native American peoples. The trail ended at the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington DC with 1,000 participants.

Ultimately, they presented President Nixon the 20 demands for immediate action. Nixon’s administration provided $66,000 dollars in return for a peaceful end to the takeover. He also agreed to appoint a Native American to the lead position at the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The real success came from the amount of media attention which heightened public awareness of unresolved Indian issues.

Today many Native American tribes are facing issues on their reservations such as: poverty, incarceration, drug and alcohol abuse, violence, poor education, lack of access to health care, and the federal government seizing the lands, which were promised to them by the same Federal Government. For example, President Trump recently signed an executive order about the conflict regarding the Dakota Access Pipeline being built through sacred Native American lands asking the builder to, "take all actions necessary and appropriate to facilitate its expeditious review." This shows that Native Americans still struggle for equal rights today.

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The Seizing of Alcatraz happened in San Francisco November 20, 1969. The Native Americans tried to claim Alcatraz because they discovered the island. When the Native Americans seized Alcatraz they were living in Alcatraz for almost 2 years. Every native American who wanted to live there was welcome. It was one of the most significant Native American event in more than a century.

Adam Fortunate was the leader of the seizing of Alcatraz. Richard Oakes a Mohawk Indian and his crew sailed on a boat to symbolically claim the island to the Indian people.The first occupation was in March 9 1964, although it lasted 4 hours only.This is significant because they were making demands to the government for Alcatraz for a cultural center and an Indian university.

Richard Oakes planned the seizing of Alcatraz . All of these people were Native American college students. When they got Alcatraz everyone on the Island had a job, day care, school and the government insisted them to leave the island because they did not want to give them the demands for the island.In early January 1970 the college Indians were leaving because they were going back to school so they were replaced with urban Indians then hippies and drug culture. Many of them that were living in Alcatraz were not Indian. It all ended when Richard’s step daughter fell from the 3rd floor and died then he decided to leave. The government told the FBI and coast guard to leave the Island alone meanwhile they took shut off the power and took the fresh water from them. Then a fire started and building got burned and Indians blamed the government and the government blamed the Indians.

The Seizing of Alcatraz connects to today due to the Dakota access pipelines because it is not finished and it could cause environmental hazards and violates a 1851 treaty with the federal government that deals with Native American Lands.

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My Interactive Image by Rolando Jimenez Rea

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The 1975 Indian Self Determination and Education Act

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The 1975 Indian Self Determination and Education Act

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In 1975, Indian Self Determination and Education Act was signed in January 1945 by President Gerald R. Ford.  It was originally introduced on Feb 26, 1973 by Congressman Henry M. Jackson. This act led to a debate among congressmen because they were unsure if they should welcome Native Americans into society. One of the reasons for this was because of how Native Americans were depicted in the 1800’s. Congressmen were unsure how they would be treated by the public.

This act, officially stated the Indian tribes were federally recognized. This meant they could not only participate in the government but also, get education, healthcare, and housing. It was created around the time that Native Americans began to get their rights. Due to this act, Native Americans could create their own schools. As of today, over seventy schools were created by this act. Overall, this act led to Native Americans becoming integrated into our society. They were for once treated as humans.

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1975 Indian Self Determination and Education Act by Erick Rico

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