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The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction was also known as the K/T extinction. This was the extinction of dinosaurs. Even though they went extinct, other organisms flourished afterwards, like many flowering plants and the last of the pterosaurs. Several of the groups had been declining before the final wipe out. The cause of the extinction was from flood basalt eruptions, which effected the world's climate, and a drastic fall in sea levels. There was also a huge asteroid or comet that struck a seabed near Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. This happened 65 million years ago, the end of the Cretaceous time and start of Palaeocene time.

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The Triassic-Jurassic extinction happened the final 18 million years of the Triassic time period. There was two to three phases of the extinction with combined effects. Climate change, flood basalt eruptions, and asteroid impacts all played a role in the extinction. Marine reptiles, large amphibians, reef-building creatures, and Cephalopd mollusks were wiped out. About half the species alive at that time became extinct. Oddly, the plant life was not really affected in this extinction. This happened 200 million years ago, the end of the Triassic time and start of Jurassic time.

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The Permian, also known as the Great Dying, wiped out 96% of the population. That meant only 4% descended from the species alive then. There were two separate phases of extinction that spread throughout a millions of years. Marine life was mostly affected and so were insects. This was the only mass extinction of insects. The cause was from asteroid hits, flood basalt eruptions, methane release, drop of oxygen levels, change in sea levels, and combination of all. This happened 248 million years ago, the end of the Permian time and start of Triassic time.

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The Late Devonian wiped out three-quarters of the Earth. It was a series of extinctions over several million years. The life in the shallower seas were most affected by the extinction. Reefs took a large hit from this and coral had to evolve 100 million years later. The sea ended up becoming devoid of oxygen and only bacteria could survive. This happened due to a change in sea levels, asteroid impacts, climate change, and new kinds of plants grew which messed with the soil in the oceans. This happened 359 million years ago, the ending of the Devonian time and beginning of the Carboniferous time.

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Ordovician- Silurian was the third largest extinction on Earth. There were two large peaks of this extinction which caused such a massive one. Most of the life in the sea was wiped out like trilobites, brachiopods, and graptolites. 85% of the sea life was wiped out. The cause of this extinction was from an ice age- a huge ice sheet fell from the southern hemisphere which caused climate change, seal level change, and messed with the ocean's chemistry. This happened 443 million years ago, the ending of Ordovician time and beginning of the Silurian time.

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The process of change in the sequence of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations.

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The development of an organism takes all of its ancestors changes over time.

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Organs that aren't necessary to keep an organism alive. In this picture, the following labelled body parts are not necessary to survive. The whale has legs bones but doesn't use them. A snake has a pelvis that they don't use, either.

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Very different animals have bones that are very similar and seem to be related. Humans and cats both have a humerus. A whale and a bat have a similar bone structure in there "arms."

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Changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool, usually of smaller populations. The brown frogs in the picture died out and didn't reproduce so their genes weren't continued, just like the red dots in the jar.

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It is natural selection through preference by one sex for a certain characteristics in another animal of the opposite sex. This male bird is trying to impress the female with his large wings and bright color. The females look for the brightest males to mate with.

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5. Divergent, Parallel and Convergent Evolution

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5. Divergent, Parallel and Convergent Evolution

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Divergent evolution is the gathering of different groups which can create a new species (picture one.) Parallel is similar traits coming from the same ancestral condition (picture two.) Last, convergent evolution is when not closely related species evolve similar traits due to the same environment (picture three.)

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Migration is seasonal movement of animals from one region to another. The birds fly south to get away from the cold in the winter. Gene flow is the exchange of genes or alleles from one population of species to another. The picture shows a brown bug going to a green bug.

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Small mistakes in DNA code during cellular reproduction which can be beneficial or harmful. Blue eyes are a mutation of brown eyes which is a non-harmful mutation. Being albino is harmful for this turtle because it can't sneak up on its prey very well.

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Process where organisms who are better adapted to their environment will survive and produce more offspring. Overtime, the giraffe developed a longer neck for taller trees and they survived over lower necked giraffes.

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V- variation (picture one)
I- inheritance (picture two)
S- selection (picture three)
T- Time (picture four)
VIST is a series of terms that show the different components of evolution