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ventilation (breathing) is the physical movement of air into & out of the rspiratory tract.

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During the ventilation, your body will get the fresh oxygen and release the carbon dioxide.

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From Baidu

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https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=gas%20exchange%20in%20alveolus&step_word=&hs=0&pn=1&spn=0&di=126333816620&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=279530377%2C734665330&os=3274586677%2C582744662&simid=3409198561%2C347506666&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1649&fr=&fmq=1490183328997_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fm.veerchina.com%2Fimages%2Ffront%2Fv%2Ff2%2F44%2Ftukuchina_2295017962.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3F4_z%26e3Bejj6vitgw_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Ftg1jx_z%26e3Brir%3F6%3Dri5p5AzdH3Fetjo%26t1%3Dddlca80lmd&gsm=0&rpstart=0&rpnum=0

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At the same time,  the internal intercostal muscles contracts and the external intercostal muscles relax.
The ribcage will move down and in, and the diaphragm will relaxes and bulges upwards.

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The breathing out, the carbon dioxide will back to the alveoli, the thorax will contract, the volume of the chest will decrease. Also, the internal pressure will raise, and it's bigger than external pressure, so the carbon dioxide will follow the pressure leave the body.

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When the waste going to the alveoli in the lungs, at an alveolus, the blood carriers carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs, and the thin film of moisture on the inside of the alveolus will help the carbon dioxide leave the alveoli.
Then, it will through the airways breathe out.

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The oxygen release in the body tissue and the waste like the carbon dioxide will pass the blood circulation transfer to the lungs.

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At the same time,  the internal intercostal muscles relax and the external intercostal muscles will contract.
The ribcage will move up and out, and the diaphragm will contracts and moves down.

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https://cn.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=uEINg3eT&id=2247F837E79D71611F41C4CF8D0FEC23F3D6BD0A&q=human+lungs&simid=608012399503084749&selectedIndex=14&qpvt=human+lungs&ajaxhist=0

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From Baidu

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The oxygen into the lungs, the thorax will expend, the volume of the chest will increase. Also, the internal pressure will decrease, and it's smaller than external pressure, so the oxygen will be easy to get in to the lungs.

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Then the oxygen will go to two bronchi(left bronchus and right bronchus), then go to the many small tubes bronchioles and ending in alveoli. This is where the gas exchange happen.
The capillary network surrounding the alveoli, it helps the gas exchange.
The oxygen that breathe in will pass the alveolus into the capillary networks, and through the blood circulation, transfer to the body tissues, to supply the energy of body organs.

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When you breathe in the oxygen, the oxygen will enters mouth and nose, pass the larynx and enter the trachea.
Trachea connects the throat to the lungs, like a passage.

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https://cn.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=uEINg3eT&id=2247F837E79D71611F41C4CF8D0FEC23F3D6BD0A&q=human+lungs&simid=608012399503084749&selectedIndex=14&qpvt=human+lungs&ajaxhist=0