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142 voyages on 120 ships

many were intercepted by the British & the immigrants were sent to DP camps (Atlit & Cyprus)

Most famous journey:  Exodus (sent back to Germany)

The group that organized the illegal journeys:  Mossad Le’Aliyah Bet

The plight of these Jews, especially the Holocaust survivors, brought sympathy and support of world public opinion to Zionist cause and demonstrated the resolve of the Jewish people.

Only a few thousand immigrants actually made it; most were sent to DP camps and 1600 drowned.

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Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau

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After WW II - Bericha (Escape) - Phase II

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After WW II - Bericha (Escape) - Phase II

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Jews had no place to go and anti-Semitism was still prevalent. Palestine seemed like a logical destination, but the British were tougher than ever. The Haganah set up a unit to organize survivors to get out of Europe and organized the 'Bericha' from Europe.
American volunteers procured ships and personnel for these journeys.  The British tried to catch as many of the illegal immigrants as possible and sent them to internment camps in Atlit or Cyprus.

To some degree, this illegal immigration movement prompted the British to relinquish their mandate.

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Jews desperate to escape Europe boarded rickety ships that set sail for Palestine.  When the boats reached the shores of the Mediterranean the Jews attempted to land and avoid British patrols.  Sometimes this worked; other times it did not.  Many of the Jews who made it to Palestine were placed in internment camps by the British.

Once WWII broke out, the voyage became even more dangerous - some ships sank, including the Struma (1942, only one person survived). The voyages stopped for a while. In 1944, some small boats started making the trip again.

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Problem: British Block Legal Jewish Immigraiton

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Problem: British Block Legal Jewish Immigraiton

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In the late 1930's the Nazis were actually encouraging Jews to leave but the British limited legal immigration of Jews to appease the Arabs of Palestine.

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https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/aliyah-bet-1939-1948
http://paulsilverstone.com/aliyah-bet-project/ (you can see a list of boats and whether they succeeded
http://www.palyam.org/English/Hahapala/mainpage

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European Jews trying to escape Nazi Germany/Europe (and some from the Mid-East).  Some immigrated legally but most arrived illegally through the illegal immigration effort, also called Aliyah Bet.
How Many?
Approximately 100,000-125,000 immigrants immigrated to Palestine illegally.