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1) Sundatang
- This is a two-string Kadazan 'guitar'. The lower string has seven frets made from little black bees' wax called "sopinut" (sopinit). The top string is free and make a sound which sounds like "tang, tang, tang" thus the name sundatang.

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2. Bungkau
- This is a Kadazan musical instrument which is the most popular among the natives living in the interior of Sabah.It is made from the hard skin of the branch of a type of palm tree called pohod by the Kadazan people.The sound is made by striking one end of the bungkau with the right thumb while holding the handle with the left hand in front of the mouth.

An interesting steam of music is produced by controlling the size of the open mouth.

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3.Tongkungon
The tongkungon is made from a large bamboo called poing. The strings are made from small strips of the same bamboo. The sound of each bamboo string is controlled by moving the pegs at either end to the right position.The tongkungon is played by using the fingers of both hands while holding the instrument with both palms.

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4. Gong
Gong beating or "Magagung."Gongs, usually made from brass or iron, are beaten using wooden sticks sometimes with rubber covering at one end. Depending on the location of the Kadazan village, the number of gongs used varies. In Penampang, six gongs are used whereas only five gongs are used by the Kadazans of Papar.

The six gongs vary in size. The smallest is beaten first followed by the other five goings, one after another. The sixth and biggest gong produces a "bass" sound.

People perform the "sumazau" dance making physical movements in accordance to the sounds of the gongs beaten in harmony.

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-celebration to honour of rice spirit
-Bambaazon or Bambarayon
-giving thanks for yet another bountiful year
-Believed that rice in whatever form embodies Bambaazon that must be protected from harm
-Ultimate deed of GOD, who sacrificed his daughter to let their people have rice to eat

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1)In 1994, a prominent Kadazandusun leader Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Bernard G. Dompok proposed t o the Federal Government that the Kadazandusun language be taught in schools in Sabah.

2) the syllabus takes into account other education emphases such as thinking skills, ICT skills, Learning How to Learn skills, multiple intelligences, values and citizenship education.

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Huguan Siou
- Huguan Siou is the top leader of the kadazandusun tribes.The term Huguan Siou means the “paramount leader”, but when a person is bestowed the most coveted title in the Kadazandusun-Murut (KDM) community, it means a lot more than being brave – the person represents the whole of KDM community because Huguan Siou in itself is an institution

Joseph Pairin Kitingan

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- The festival begins on the first of May, celebrated throughout the month of May each year. It culminates in the grand Harvest Festival Celebration on the 30th and 31st of May at the Hongkod Koisaan.
- celebration to honour the Rice Spirit - Bambaazon

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1) No one must do any kind of work on the day of the funeral.
2) While the body is still in the house, all occupants must stay awake. Whoever fall asleep will be doused with water. The purpose of keeping awake is to watch out for the devil (a large bird will try to fly away with the body).
3) Prevent a cat from jumping over the outstretched corpse, if this happens the dead man will be transformed into a dangerous and terrifying giant.

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- Mother cannot eat buffalo meat or she will age quickly.
- She may not wash her hair for a month. If she washes her hair before that, it may cause her to be mentally impaired when she is older.

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Not allowed to wander outside for the children born would be ill with skin diseases or walk away from home.

Must not step over the rope to which a buffalo is tied as the birth of the baby will be delayed to 10-11 months.

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Cannot cancel engagement

---- If not, the one who cancel it need to pay all or half amount that have
been discussed.

Before the bride and groom are allowed step into the house, the host family
man / woman singing or "SelakohanSinding"

---‘SelakohanSinding’ >welcoming new bride.

Anything that related to engagement must be settled during morning time.

----No during evening and night.

Anything that related to engagement must be settled during morning time.

----The days are not in the odd number of odd and in a good month.

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Animist Belief
Kadazan ancestors practised a religious belief that is animistic in nature. They believed that every object such as a tree has a guardian spirit. This is still practised by many Kadazans (or Dusuns) especially those who have not converted to any of the "modern day" religions.

If you travel around Sabah, you may come across such rituals performed by priestesses. For example, if you climb Mount Kinabalu, the highest mountain in South East Asia, you may witness a priestess offering a slaughtered chicken to pacify the spirits of the mountain. After all, this is
Nulu Akinablu.

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THE RELIGION OF THE KADAZAN DUSUN IS MAJORLY CHRISTIAN. THERE WAS AN ISLAMIC MINORITY UNTIL THE BRITISH ARRIVED AND INFLUENCED THE PEOPLE WITH CHRISTIANITY. ANOTHER RELIGION PRACTISED BY THE KADAZAN-DUSUN IS ANIMISM, WHERE THEY WORSHIP OBJECTS, BELIEVING THEY POSSES SPIRITUAL QUALITIES.

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Superstitious Belief
If you can call superstition as part of religious beliefs, then many Kadazans do have such belief. Perhaps you can classify this under animistic belief.

This is a system of "belief" which you may say is unreasonable in nature since it can involve belief in some omen, good or bad, just because a certain event occurs.

For example, a group that is on the way to arrange for engagement may abort the journey if the group encounters a big monitor lizard or hears a bird's call.

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1) Gaung:
- Gaung is a long-sleeved shirt without embroidery.
- It is decorated with gold trimming and gold buttons on now days.
2) Souva:
- Souva ia a black trousers worn with waistband that is “toogot” and there are gold trimming on the seams along the hips for modern trousers.
3) Siga:
- Siga is the headcover of handwomen kain kasar.
- Siga is also worn to complete a look.
- Siga can be either folded or twisted.

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Sinompukung
Blouse with 3/4 sleeves. No embroidery. Usually worn over the sinuangga' like a jacket when the wearer goes out of the house, such as to visit a friend. Nowadays, the sinompukung is often embroidered and worn by older women as a blouse instead of as a jacket as in the olden days.

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kihongon
Blouse with long sleeves, worn by elderly women and female ritual specialists/priestesses or Bobohizan during ceremonies. The embroidery is similar to the one on the sinuangga'.

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Bosou or Nonsom

This is another KadazanDusun traditional dish made from fish; however, this recipe calls for a freshwater fish rather than a sea water or ocean fish. The fish is cleaned and salted, then rice and the spice Pangi or Pangium edule is added. Don’t worry about the rumors that Pangi is poisonous, it is, but the poison is neutralized by boiling. Rather than a salad dish, this fish is fermented or pickled in a jar for a minimum of two weeks prior to eating.

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Hinava
This is perhaps the most recognizable traditional dish in Malaysia. It is traditionally Kadazan-Dusun. KadazanDusun resulted from an official unification of the two indigenous peoples of Sabah, the Kadazan and the Dusun in 1989. The two ethnic groups had been “feuding” since the early 1960s and this was seen as a way to preserve the customs, traditions, and dialects of both ethnicities.

Hinava, is a salad type dish made from shark meat, or any raw fish, bitter gourd, ginger, vinegar, lime, bird’s eye peppers, red and green onions, and salt. The meat of the raw fish “cooks” in the acid of the lime juice and the resultant flavors of sweet ginger, the bitterness of the gourd, the tang of vinegar, and spice of chili peppers

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Tuhau

Tuhau in Sabah, is a traditional dish that you will either love, hate, or perhaps never taste. Because of its poignant smell, many will never taste this Sabahan delicacy. The basic recipe includes just five ingredients and is quite easy to make using, wild ginger shoots, vinegar, bird’s eye peppers, salt, and sugar. Other ingredients, such as green onions (scallions) can be added for variety.

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Pinasakan

Made from a local basung fish, four to six inches long, quick fried or braised, mixed with a tangy fruit called takob akob, fresh turmeric, sliced Bambangan, and salt. Pinasakan is another preserved food that can be eaten with rice without heat or fire. This is particularly beneficial in the hot, humid weather of Malaysia

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1.Farming
-  the Kadazan community known as rice farmers and a major producer of rice in Sabah. They harvest rice using traditional methods such as using a sickle, knives and "linggaman". In the past they practice nomadic farming. They keep the rice in the rice huts and place it in the rice granary called "tangkop". They plowed fields by using the old way using buffalo energy and hoe. However, in some places with the advances in agricultural technology, they began to use tractors to plow the fields. Besides planting rice paddy fields and hills, Kadazan people also planting corn, cassava, tobacco and vegetables such as sweet temu, spinach, pumpkins, petola, beans, peppers and chillies. These crops they planted around the house.

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2.Husbandry And Hunting
- Kadazan people rear pigs, chickens, goats, ducks, cows, goats and geese. Livestock is often sacrificed at the time they celebrate a festival or at a

time when they held a ritual. Besides that Kadazan tribes also hunt for their living. Typically, the animals that they hunt is as wild boar,

tapir, foxes, monkeys and various bird species using the gun, the traditional trap "sunggul", "kisap", "tuwil", "gado" and other

and rifle called "bakakuk". In the past, they hunt with bamboo blowpipe, snares, traps, spears and hunting dogs. As a result of the hunting activity,

the economic activities are of their side.

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3.Fishing
- Kadazan people also catch fish in paddy fields, ponds and rivers with nets, fishing nets and fishing

gear such as the traditional "siud", "SAVAK", traps, "bangkala" and "tambong". Kadazan people from Tatana tribes at the district of Kuala Penyu, is one of tribe that worked as a fisherman.

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4.Collecting forest product
-Kadazan People, especially those living in interior areas of the state take woods and bamboos to make fences. In addition, they also take Pandanus leaves woven into mats and baskets. Fruits, vegetables and fish products, and hunting resources is for their daily needs, but often it is also sold at the market.

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1. The "Sumazau"
This is the most common of all the Kadazan dances. People perform "Sumazau" during weddings, harvest festival celebrations, anniversaries, and even during engagements. Sumazau Penampang is a traditional dance Kadazan tribe. This dance is usually performed during the festival and ritual spirit of rice (Bambaazon). Dancers perform their dance in pairs. Both male and female dancers began dancing with the rhythm of a gentle and slow as the gong. With 'pangkis' of a male dancer usually indicates a change in the pattern of the dance will be performed. 'Pangkis' of the male dancer will be more than enliven the dance. Clothing worn by the dancers is dressed all in black with golden yellow stripes. The female dancers wear tangkong ',' tinggot ', and' Himpogot '. Male dancers wear 'sigar' in the head. This dance is usually accompanied by gongs or 'togunggu'.

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Sumazau Dance at UCSF Green Carnival 2016

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2.The "Mogunatip"
Mogunatip is a dance performed by the natives of the interior including the Kadazan from Tambunan, Kwijau Dusun from Keningau and several groups of Murut tribes. Magunatip is derived from the word "atip meaning 'to press between two surfaces. Dancers Magunatip requires skill and agility to dance the bamboo are hit together to produce the rhythm of the dance. It is a dance that is performed during certain ceremonies to honor guests. This dance is performed to welcome guests, worships the spirit and drive off evil spirits.