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Nitrogen is a Group 15 element. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere by volume but the atmosphere of Mars contains less than 3% nitrogen.

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Nickel is found as a constituent in most meteorites and often serves as one of the criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from other minerals.

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Neon is a very inert element. Neon forms an unstable hydrate. In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange.

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Mercury is the only common metal liquid at ordinary temperatures. Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver.

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Magnesium is a grayish-white, fairly tough metal. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust although not found in it's elemental form.

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Group 1 elements are called "alkali metals". Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water and lithium metal is the least dense metal.

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Lead is a bluish-white lustrous metal. It is very soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a relatively poor conductor of electricity.

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Iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe. It is found in the sun and many types of stars in considerable quantity.

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Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid. It volatilises at ambient temperatures into a pretty blue-violet gas with an irritating odour.

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Note that while hydrogen is normally shown at the top of the Group 1 elements in the periodic table, the term "alkaline metal" refers to the Group 1 elements from lithium downwards and not hydrogen.

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Zinc-deficient animals require 50% more food to gain the same weight of an animal supplied with adequate amounts of zinc.

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Uranium is of great interest because of its application to nuclear power and nuclear weapons.

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Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and it is found in most soils. It is also a vital element in the human diet.

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Ordinary tin is a silvery-white metal, is malleable, somewhat ductile, and has a highly crystalline structure.

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Group 1 elements are often referred to as the "alkali metals". The chemistry of sodium is dominated by the +1 ion Na⁺.

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Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance.

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Silicon is present in the sun and stars and is a principal component of a class of meteorites known as aerolites.

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Phosphorous is an essential component of living systems and is found in nervous tissue, bones and cell protoplasm.

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Sulphur (sulfur) is a pale yellow, odourless, brittle solid, which is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulphide. Sulphur is essential to life.

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Oxygen is the third most abundant element found in the sun, and it plays a part in the carbon-nitrogen cycle, one process responsible for stellar energy production.