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Students will be able to ...

1-Link current lesson with prior knowledge of:

A- A computer as a tool of digital access.

B- The importance of Technology.

2- Create a concepts map of the lesson.

3- Discuss reasons which lead to Digital Gap.

4- Suggest ideas to help people to access to internet equally?

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1- What is the importance of "Digital Access"?

2- How to access to digital society?

3- Does everyone have equal opportunities as far as technology use is concerned.

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Digital Access

Digital Gap

LAN

WAN

IP

Search Engine

Browser

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Digital access is the process that enables individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, mobile devices, sometimes via computer networks. Once connected to the Internet, users can access Internet services, such as email and the World Wide Web.

In this lesson, we will learn about digital access and it's tools which facilitate our integration with digital society. And how  can we act as a good digital citizen toward people who can't access to internet.

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Fundamental Concepts of Computer Networks: Part 1 - PAN, LAN, MAN & WAN

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In this lecture, we discuss fundamental concepts of computer networks. Important usage and applications are presented. Various types of computer networks like PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN are explained.

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This powerpoint is a project we had to do on Digital Divide. :) Enjoy! btw, credit the works By: Megan, Noah and Jessendra do not copyright you will be punish...

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Digital Access For All Students Everywhere | Curran Dee

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One of the elements of Digital Citizenship- Digital Access Check out us at www.sscyoungleaders.com!

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IP may refer to any of the following:

1. Short for Internet Protocol address, an IP or IP address is a number (example shown right) used to indicate the location of a computer or other device on a network using TCP/IP. These addresses are similar to those of your house, allowing data to reach the appropriate destination on a network and the Internet.

IPv4 vs. IPv6

As the Internet and technology evolve, there has been an increasing demand for IP addresses. IPv4, which stands for Internet Protocol version 4, can only support about 4.3 billion devices. In the age of PCs, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and home Internet devices, the number has been surpassed. Essentially, we've run out of Internet addresses for devices that connect to the Web.

To help meet the demand for IP addresses, a new technology was developed that is longer and uses both characters and numbers to create an address. This new technology, called IPv6, can support about 3.4*10 ⁴ devices. To see examples of both IPv4 and IPv6, look at the image above.

IP address classes

With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses, shown in the following table.

Class A
1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254

Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.

Class B
128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254

Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.

Class C
192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254

Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.

Class D
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

Reserved for multicast groups.

Class E
240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254

Reserved for future use, or Research and Development Purposes.

Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for the loopback or localhost, for example, 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address. Range 255.255.255.255 broadcasts to all hosts on the local network.

IP address breakdown

Every IP address is broken down into four sets of octets, and translated into binary to represent the actual IP address. The below table is an example of the IP 255.255.255.255. If you are new to binary, we highly recommend reading our binary and hexadecimal conversions section to get a better understanding of what we're doing in the below charts.

As an example, let's break down the IP "166.70.10.23" in the following table. The first row contains the separate sections of the IP address, the second has binary values, and the third row shows how the binary value equals the section of the IP address.

Automatically assigned addresses

There are IP addresses that are automatically assigned ( dynamic allocation) when you set up a home network. These default addresses are what allow your computer and other network devices to communicate and broadcast information over your network. The most commonly assigned default addresses for home networks are shown below.

192.168.1.0

0 is the automatically assigned network address.

192.168.1.1

1 is the commonly used address used as the gateway.

192.168.1.2

2 is also a commonly used address used for a gateway.

192.168.1.3 - 254

Addresses beyond 3 are assigned to computers and devices on the network.

192.168.1.255

255 is automatically assigned to most networks as the broadcast address.

If you have ever connected to your home network, you should be familiar with the gateway address or 192.168.1.1, which is the address that allows you to connect to your router and change its settings. Another common IP range that may be used is 10.0.0.3-254.

Getting an IP address

By default, the router you use will assign each of your computers their own IP address, often using NAT to forward the data coming from those computers to outside networks such as the Internet. If you need to register an IP address that can be seen on the Internet, you must register through InterNIC or use a web host that can assign you addresses.

Anyone who connects to the Internet is assigned an IP address by their Internet Service Provider ( ISP), which has registered a range of IP addresses. For example, let's assume your ISP is given 100 addresses, 109.145.93.150-249. In this range, the ISP owns addresses 109.145.93.150 to 109.145.93.249 and can assign any address in that range to its customers. So, all these addresses belong to your ISP until they are assigned to a customer's computer. In the case of a dial-up connection, you are given a new IP address each time you dial into your ISP. With most broadband Internet service providers, you are always connected to the Internet, so your address rarely changes. It remains the same until the service provider requires otherwise.

The above picture is taken from our " How do computers connect to each other over the Internet" page and gives a good overview of how a computer can talk to another computer over the Internet using an IP address.

Other Internet protocols

IP is just one type of protocol that the Internet and networks use to communicate. There are dozens of other protocols that are also used for communication between other programs and devices. For example, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a protocol to send e-mail from one computer to another computer. See our protocol page for a list of other popular protocols.

Other IP address questions and answers

2. IP is also a Linux and Unix command that allows the user to configure their network settings. See the ip command overview for further information.

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IP may refer to any of the following: 1. Short for Internet Protocol address, an IP or IP address is a number (example shown right) used to indicate the location of a computer or other device on a network using TCP/IP.