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Tuskegee Historians 46C The Invention Of The Teenager

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Tuskegee Historians 46C The Invention Of The Teenager

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Before the 1920's, work was a major priority in many families homes. Once laws were passed to prevent child labor, children were able to stay in school longer, making high school and or college a more attainable idea. With the invention of automobiles people's social lives increased drastically. Teens were able to go out more with little to no parental supervision.This helped transition from courtship to dating. Teenagers gained privacy never before experienced by past generations. Sexual experimentation and behaviors before being married became very common. Youngsters were now able to experience a wider dating pool available to them.
Due to the invention of the automobile, teens were able to go out and get together with their friends more often without parents.
With high school becoming more popular amongst the younger generation, extracurricular activities gave teens the opportunity to have a way to enjoy the extra time on their hands after the school day has ended.

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The Fight Against “Demon Rum”
During the roaring 20’s the production and purchase of alcohol was illegal with the ratification of the 18th amendment in 1919. Although alcohol was not completely outlawed, it was allowed for medical purposes and production of small amounts was permitted for home use. The 18th amendment passed because ministers, progressive politicians, and women believed alcohol caused unholiness and dysfunction within the home. The ban of alcohol was not all bad though during this time, on average, families savings increased. There were also studies done to suggest that there was a decrease in alcohol consumption and alcohol related diseases. This ban was not all good either, it caused corruption and organized crime exploded. Every city had speakeasies, which were not-so-secret bars hidden from public view. Organized crime sold their products and intimidated unwilling people to buy their product. City police took booze and money from notorious gangsters like Al Capone to stay quiet. There were also dangerous effects on the alcohols production because of prohibition. With the amount of alcohol consumption decreased, there was an increase in the strength of the alcohol. This alcohol sold in the market created by desperate individuals and heartless profiteers sometimes led to blindness, nerve damage, and death. With the obvious failure of the 18th amendment the 21st amendment was passed 14 years later repealing it. To this day the 18th was the only amendment that restricted people's individual rights rather than increasing them.

People during the prohibition era march the streets in protest of the new 18th amendment abolishing alcohol. This shows that even though there were supporters for prohibition, it had many opponents as well.

A headline from the Roaring Good Times Newspaper reads “PROHIBITION ENDS AT LAST!” This shows how glad people were when the 21st amendment was put into place and alcohol was legalized again.

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47e - Domestic and International Politics (Sam, William, Vincent)

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47e - Domestic and International Politics (Sam, William, Vincent)

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The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties caused voters to pursue a small government dedicated to laissez-faire economics, isolationism, international peace, and free trade. In the 1920 election, president Harding won with his “return to normalcy” slogan. This advocated a change from the previous progressive and interventionist economic policies.

After his heart attack, although he had been caught up in numerous scandals, Harding’s legacy was advanced by Coolidge, his Vice President. Abroad, the U.S. pursued the advocacy of demilitarization by limiting production of battleships and forming an agreement with 60 countries to outlaw war. In addition, the U.S. continued to enforce Open Door Policy in China and free trade overseas.A newspaper clipping detailing President Harding's deathLeaders of different nations signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact

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47 Introduction- Old Values vs New Values (Children of Liberty)

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47 Introduction- Old Values vs New Values (Children of Liberty)

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47 Intro: Old Values vs. New Values

A lot of Americans during the 20’s did not like the new way of life. The morals of the past were being overlooked because of the materialism, and the flapper lifestyle. New cultures, religions, and languages were all adding to the melting pot. Labor strikes and protest were all adding to the paranoia of the Red Scare. Many people feared suspected socialists and thought that they were trying to destroy the American way of life. Membership of the KKK raised as white Americans took on African Americans, Immigrants, Catholics, and Jews. The conflict of the old and new, and the change in the American lifestyle led to a rift in the American society.

This is a propaganda ad that was used to try to turn people away from the KKK.

This picture shows the line of immigrants waiting to come into America

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Myasia Anderson

JaNiya Mills

Jeneva Claiborne

Savannah Von kaenel

Flappers were Northern, urban, single, young, middle class women who held stable jobs and defied and resisted double standards. Flappers worked hard during the day, but at night they partied hard. Before this time period, men had typically been the only ones to drink or smoke, but the roaring twenties was a new era and women did both of these things excessively. Flappers changed women’s style during this era; they cut their hair into bobs, bound their chests, wore heels, and used excessive amounts of makeup. Clara Bow, Hollywood's "It Girl", represented the image of Flappers during this time period. Women of this time celebrated the flappers as a female declaration of independence from societal standards. Though many people wondered if women were really using self-expression or just imitating the habits of men. No matter, flappers still definitely defied social double standards.

This is a picture of 3 women smoking and drinking together.

These are two ladies demonstrating the Image of flappers. They both have short skirts and short hair.

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The Red Scare happened after WWI was settled, and was the thought that the ideal of Communism was going to spread to America and begin to consume American lifestyle in the 1920’s.

Actually, Communism was a scary thought before even WWI ended, instead becoming an issue to the American lifestyle during WWI when Russia pulled its army out of the German West lands to focus closely on it’s own revolution, headed by the Bolsheviks. This revolution was a socialist party which flaunted towards communism, with Lenin taking the lead of Russia’s Empire and beginning to spread influence and assistance to foreign countries, including Pan-American and South American countries (For example Nicaragua, Cuba, and other countries), creating an even bigger thought of threat towards American Ideals.

The newly settled revolution in Russia certainly looked a lot to Americans like the current (at the time) workers strikes for higher wages/equal treatment and marches for certain equality and rights that were happening in America after WWI. Although  these strikes and protests and such were causing bits of fear scattered across the country, there wasn’t anything that citizens or government itself was too worried about until radicals and anarchist came into play. Radicalism took advantage of these protests and strikes, causing violence and spreading their own ideals that seemed to workers like it backed their current ideals and issues, but radicals went a step further, sending bombs and poison in letters to people of high wealth and government stature.. Along with this, anarchists, though not directly influencing any forces or society themselves, became a big scare factor and were sometimes wrongly targeted and accused of crimes they did not commit.

This was the Red Scare of Post-WWI.

In this first picture, we see propaganda from probably the 1920's promoting the idea of the Red Scare. By giving the Red Scare a face, this propaganda poster makes the fear of Communism too real for Americans of the 20's, as described in the presentation, immigrants and anarchists were being abused and treated as radicals, these people were the Red Menace to American society.

In the second picture, there is an advertisement for a heavily society influenced play that, just from seeing the picture itself, easily shows American's feelings or hatred and fear towards the spread of Communist and threat it posed to American life in the 1920's.

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Terron , Michael, Wen, DeMarcus

Many African Americans moved from the rural south to the urban north. Northerners did not welcome the African Americans with open arms, so they had to look out for each other. Many of African American had lots of things in common that created an artistic oasis caused by the Great Migration.  Writers, actors, artists, and musicians glorified African traditions and at the same time creates new one. Langston Hughes was one of the most famous writers during the Harlem Renaissance. He used white influence with a jazzy feel to his poems. Jazz musicians shaped America the most during the Harlem Renaissance. Duke Ellington and singers such as Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday popularized blues and jazz vocals. Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong drew in huge amounts of white audience as well as African Americans to Jazz. In general the Harlem Renaissance burst possibilities for future African American creativeness.
Zora Neale Hurston was a writer that emerged during the Harlem Renaissance.

King of jazz Duke Ellington

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47d. Books and Movies (Lydia, Ben, Madi, and Adena)

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47d. Books and Movies (Lydia, Ben, Madi, and Adena)

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Intellectual authors during the 1920’s were confronted with new inspiration for writing found after the war. Considered to be the Lost Generation, writers in this era were disillusioned from the young society of America due to the horrors of trench warfare and capabilities of inhumanity. Many writers, such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and T.S. Elliot, wrote about the materialistic nature and lack of true empathy the middle class of America was plagued by. Throughout most of the famous novels of the time, it is clear to see the growing antipathy towards the empty and immoral middle-class lifestyle. A prevalent theme of the time was that despite the booming economy and gain of wealth, Americans were growing more and more distant from the values of humanity and true friendship.This is a picture of the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, one of the most famous authors of the era. Published in 1925

Due to the growing demand for entertainment in the 1920s, the movie industry was greatly broadened; theaters emerged all across the country. By the end of the decade over 100 million viewers attended theaters each week, more than the number of weekly churchgoers.  Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin became an icon in this age because of his role as “The Tramp” in silent films and comedies which were very popular in the movie theaters. Walt Disney also began his career in the 1920s as a cartoon artist. He created iconic characters such as Mickey Mouse and made short films that evolved to animated features and soon became a household name. His films were one of the first to be shown in theaters and have shaped American entertainment since then. The increase in free time granted to Americans due to household inventions allowed for the movie business to truly thrive and play a major role in showing and shaping American pop culture.Charlie Chaplin (1889–1977) playing his most famous character "The Tramp". Charlie was also a filmmaker, composer, and director.This picture is Walt Disney (1901-1966) and his two most infamous cartoon characters, Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.

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46 g. Radio Fever - Mass Production(2nd period)

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46 g. Radio Fever - Mass Production(2nd period)

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-Taylor Ford, Courtney Pond, & A'yana Dennis-
When commercial radio first started out it was mainly used things like for high school musical group music, phonograph records and reporting baseball games. Since the transmitter had been improved very much by Frank Conrad, many people in the Pittsburgh area sent in request for their own air time, leading to a huge use of the radio for commercials. Which lead for the bosses of Westinghouse to tell Conrad that he could make huge profit off his commercial radio. And on November 2, 1920 Conrad announced the next president of the United States, Warren G. Harding. This message made it all the way to north New Hampshire and south of Louisiana. By the end of 1922, five new stations were across the United States. But since there was no regulation to the radio complete chaos took place until 1927 when congress created the "Federal Radio Commission". Since these stations reached millions of people, companies were begging to have commercial time and by the end of the decade companies paid about $10,000 for an hour of commercial time. The radio was a way for Americans all over to stay connected and know the same things at the same times, which impacted America greatly.

This is a women tuning into a 1920’s radio in a living room.

Pictured in this photo is a women listening to a movie through the radio.

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46a-The Age of the Automobile (Chris, Blake, and Olivia)

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46a-The Age of the Automobile (Chris, Blake, and Olivia)

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The Model T, first produced October 1, 1908 until May 26, 1927 by Ford Motor Company. It was regarded as the first affordable automobile. The Model T allowed people to be more social, it created a whole new industry, allowed for faster traveling times, and allowed for more personal time. The Model T was a new innovation, that modernized America and created a new lifestyle for Americans.

The Model T, known as the “tin-lizzie”, was the first affordable automobile to middle class Americans. It was made so affordable, because of the efficient fabrication and production.

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47B - The Monkey Trials (Wesley, Joe, Sam, Caty)

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47B - The Monkey Trials (Wesley, Joe, Sam, Caty)

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In 1859 Darwin announced his theory of evolution which had the church trying to decide whether to accept or reject these scientific findings. By the 1920s this conflict had rose yet again, due to John T. Scopes. In 1925 Tennessee passed the Butler Law which forbade evolution to be taught in any public school. John Scopes disregarded this law and taught evolution to his high school science students. In response Tennessee, backed by William Jennings Bryant, arrested him and put him on trial.

“Anti-evolution League Headquarters in Dayton, TN”

The Media sooned turned the trial into a circus after becoming the first trial to ever be aired on radio. Journalists, preachers, Entrepreneurs and fortune seekers flooded the streets of Dayton looking for opportunity in the event. The case came down to a competition of Darrow, who defended evolution, against Bryan, who represent rural values. Darrow lost his best for a defense when Judge John Raulston refused to admit expert testimony on the validity of evolutionary. Darrow then resorted to questioning Bryan about his literal acceptance of the Bible, such as Eve being created from Adam's rib bone or Jonah being swallowed by a whale. Bryan made his defense not saying the the Bible should always be interpreted literally, but that he did hold true that all the miracles were true and that Darrow’s only purpose was to  " ridicule every Christian who believes in the Bible." In the end the Jury sided with Tennessee law, but this was a major victory for the evolutionist of the day creating large amounts of public support for evolution.

“caricature of Charles Darwin as an ape (not a monkey), published in The Hornet, a satirical magazine, 22 March 1871”

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46 Introduction - The Decade that Roared

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46 Introduction - The Decade that Roared

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The 1920's saw the American economy boom, a changed social and cultural landscape, and an increase to a standard of living that had never before been experienced. Products, such as the automobile and washing machine, that were once reserved for the rich, or were not even in existence, were now readily available and affordable for the masses. Groups that previously had little or no defined role in American society (like women and African Americans) now found themselves with a voice, although not without struggle. Ultimately, the 1920's were defined by a booming economy and dramatic changes from traditional American life.Henry Ford's Model - T1920's Washing Machine

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Mediakraft Networks Original Channel Based

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Toni Steller & Florian Wittig Director of Photography

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Toni Steller & Florian Wittig Social Media

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What Happened After A Trench Was Captured? I OUT OF THE TRENCHES

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It's time for the chair of wisdom again and this week we talk about the trenches, balloon observers and well, Emilio Esteves. " HOW CAN I SUPPORT YOUR CHANNEL?