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Understand the 5 schedules of reinforcements

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Albert Bandura, Dorthea and SHeila Ross

Purpose: Children would mimic violent and nonviolent role models

Procedure: 5 groups: aggressive male, aggressive female, non aggressive male, non aggressive female, control group.

Placed in a room with toys and  they would attack a bobo doll.

Results:Boys were more physically aggressive than girls. Boys behavior was more influenced by male models.

Ethical: no treatment afterward to make sure there was no permanent damage.

Real world: predict future behavior, can correlate to domestic violence cases.

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Seligman.

Purpose: Support theory that our perception of power and control are learned from experience. (classical conditioning)

Mongrel dogs were divided into three groups. the study showed if the shocks changed the dogs emotions. they shocked the dogs 64 times in 90 seconds and the dogs found that pressing the lever would stop the shocks, but the non escape group failed to escape.

Results: non-escape group didn't bother (learned helplessness) while the other dogs escaped easily,

Not ethical-dogs were harmed and their everyday life style became effected.

Impact: treating depression.

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Purpose: Salvation and digstion, how are conditioned reflexes formed if they dont come with birth?

Procedure:dogs had incision on their check that had a test tube and collect saliva, put dogs in silent room, tested it with different sounds and foods, then compared the amounts of saliva generated from stimulus.

Results: playing a metronome of releasing the smell of vanilla created the connection to food for the dog so they started salivating more when they heard or smelled these.

Ethical: Was ethical, dogs were well cared for and their cuts in the mouth were cleaned. Didn't leave any damage

Future reference: classical conditioning, some farmers are classically conditioning predators to stay away from livestock

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Unconditioned stimulus:

Unconditioned Stimulus:

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Acquistion: pairing the conditoned and unconditioned stimulus

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Purpose: disprove tohe assumption that fears are caused by Frueds psychoanalytical perspective

Procedure: Little boy was presented with fuzzy white animals, then presented him with a loud noise when he touched them, generalization was testing to see if albert was afraid of things similar to the rat (he was)

Results: orginally not afraid of the animals but then associated fear with animals, showed Freudian perspective was incorrect.

Not ethical, didn't receive consent or assent, emotional harm , never tried to normalize his fear.

Future impact: People now know that fear is learned

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Purpose: Will a subject continue to repeat an action if they subconsciously know it will negatively effect them? - classical conditioning.

Pavlov and Watson

Procedure: Gave rats a saccharin to drink

Induced x-irradiation to experimental group to make them naseau

kept feeding control group saccharin solution

offered both groups saccharin to see how rats would react to it

Results: experimental group refused to drink saccharin after they had been sickened by irradiation, the control group willingly drank it.

Not ethical because they shocked the rats and made them feel nauseous

Future impacts: discovered the ability to learn certain things can itself be instinctive

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Purpose: How animals learn to do a certain action in order to escape (operant), to see if theres a sharp increase or decrease in latency

Procedure: Invented box with cat in it and strong, every time the cat pressed the button he would be released and rewarded, procedure was repeated until a constant time

Results: Response strengthened by rewards. Law of Exercise:  the more often a response occurs in a situation, the more strongly it is connected to that situation.

Future impacts:

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Postive: PR, PP
Negative: NR-increase behavior by subtracting something you don't like (i'll take away the dishes bc you did a good job),

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Temper

Kindly ask them to watch their temper and how they handle situations and thank them when they handle them well.

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Apply behavior modificaton

4 methods of learning:

Trial and error.."if at first you dont succeed"

Operant conditioning..behaviors have consequences

Classic Conditioning..associative learning