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Robert Hoe revolutionized journalism. The mechanical press he invented greatly increased the speed that sheets and newspapers could be printed.

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Morse patented this device that sent electrical pulses over a wire. Soon telegraph lines fanned out in all directions that linked parts of the country instantaneously. By 1860 more than 50,000 miles of telegraph lines had been laid. The new telegraph sped business information, helped link the transportation network, and allowed newspapers to provide readers with up-to-date news. This invention improved communication greatly, which helped farmers to sell their goods easier and more efficiently.

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Steamboats were evolutionary through their impact on traveling time and frequency.  For example, a 90 day trip from New Orleans to Louisville was cut to 8 days with the introduction of steamboats, and reduced upstream costs by 90%.  By 1860, railroads took over as the dominant and effective form of transportation.  In 1830, there were only 13 miles of railroad track, but by 1850, there was nearly 9000 miles of track.  This increase in the amount of railroad track demonstrates why railroads overtook steamboats as the dominant form of transportation in 1860.

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Canals in the 1800s allowed the cost of transportation to decrease tremendously. This allowed farmers to ship their goods further for cheaper, creating a connected national economy. By 1840 the nation had completed more than 3,300 miles of canals. Also, by 1860 the cost of transportation dropped to less than a penny a mile.

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Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a mechanical device that removed the seeds from cotton lint. The gin allowed laborers to clean 50 pounds of cotton a day, compared to the previous one pound a day. Allowed the cotton trade to become so strong, as the South produced more than 60% of the worlds supply.

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First and Second National Banks - 1811 and 1816

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First and Second National Banks - 1811 and 1816

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The First National Bank was created by James Madison in effort to increase federal activity. After the charter ended for this bank, there were great financial problems in America. Because of these financial problems, the Second National Bank was created.