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“These people, whose origins lay in the salaried middle class and upper grades of the working class, had been shaped and brought together by the barren world of monopoly industry and centralized government. As compared with the their opposite numbers in past ages, they were less avaricious. Less tempted by luxury, hungrier for pure power, and, above all, more conscious of what they were doing and more intent on crushing opposition.” (page 169) Goldstein’s book is saying that the people who will shape the government are the middle class. The middles class is less tempted by temporal things and focused on the good of the people. When the middle class crushes the opposition, they will gain power because both the high and low classes will respect them.  This gives Winston hope because he is part of the middle class. However, Goldstein’s book was faulty, and  a trap set up by the Party. Although it makes sense that those who aren’t enticed by material things, but those who endure and crush the enemy would be able to achieve world domination, it will only last for a short while before they too become corrupt with power. In 1984, the Party does not consist of the middle class, but consists of everyone(and no one). The Party does not exist for the good of others, but exists solely to keep power at whatever it takes, which is the difference between lunacy and normalcy, paranoia and peace, the Party and the people.

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“There was a direct, intimate connection between chastity and political orthodoxy. For how could the fear, the hatred, and the lunatic credulity which the Party needed its members be kept at the right pitch except by bottling down some powerful instinct and using it as a driving house.” (page 111) Julia was right when she said that if you were happy within yourself you had no desire to use any extra energy to be happy for the Party, war victories, or things like parades or work. If the people of Oceania in 1984, weren’t chaste then they would no sooner begin to defy the Party in more ways than one. Since sex and having children is ingrained in people’s minds as their duty to the Party and not something for personal gain or pleasure

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"Thoughtcrime does not entail death, thoughtcrime IS death. "
In this passage, Winston is writing in a diary, which is illegal by the way, and writing his thoughts on thoughtcrime and what it means for those who commit it. What this quote means, or rather what Winston means is that committing thoughtcrime is a crime that is practically unforgivable. So what he means is that just by committing thoughtcrime, you are already dead. When it is done, the thought police will eventually catch you and vaporize you. This matters because this passage only adds to the idea of a party wanting to control people and to have no one against you, to an extent it is almost an obsession to be able to control the mind.

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"Your a traitor!" yelled the boy. "Your a thought criminal! you're a Eurasian spy! Ill shoot you, Ill vaporize you, Ill send you to the salt mines!"
The boy in this passage is influenced by the party to analyze and spot people who are against the party. In this scenario, the boy is accusing Winston of being a spy if Eurasia and cursed at him. This passage means to say that the party has influenced all aspects of peoples lives and that includes children. the children are taught to  rat out people who were against the party's ideals. This passage matters because it shows how children at such small ages are being influenced by people that are virtually unstoppable and will continue to do so.

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“ He wasn’t singing to us,” said Julia. “He was singing to please himself. Not even that. He was just singing.” The birds sang, the proles sang, the Party did not sing.” Page 182  Winston and Julia are referring to the singing prole, the singing of the bird represents freedom and self expression. When Winston heard the bird singing he assumed it was singing for a purpose, to please them maybe, or even to please the person listening behind a secret microphone hidden somewhere, however Julia, a little more rebellious than Winston, explains that the bird’s singing was to please no one but the himself (the bird). This was a new concept for Winston because throughout his life, up until recently, all his actions were to only please Big Brother and no one else. This concept is proven in the second half of the quote, the bird sang out of its own will, it was free, the proles got to act and live on their own will because the party did not concern themselves with them, they did not have telescreens watching their every movement, the party however did not sing, party members were constantly watched and told what to do and how to do it for the sole benefit of Big Brother.

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“ “We shall meet again-if we do meet again-” Winston looked up at him. “In the place where there is no darkness,” he said, as though he had recognized the allusion.” Winston is referring to a dream where he saw O’Brien in a place Winston called the Golden Country. Winston is hopeful that the Golden Country is a place where there is freedom, however in O’Brien’s mind it is the place where Winston will be imprisoned(for the prison has everlasting bright lights). For both Winston and O'Brien the place where their is no darkness is the place where there is truth.

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"In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five, and you would have to believe it. It was inevitable that they should make that claim sooner or later: the logic of their position demanded it. Not merely the validity of experience, but the very existence of external reality was tacitly denied by their philosophy. The heresy of heresies was common sense. And what was terrifying was not that they would kill you for thinking otherwise, but that they might be right. For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or that the force of gravity works? Or that the past is unchangeable? If both the past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable, what then?" (69)
Winston is exercising his ability, specifically, to doubt. This leaves him subject to constant fear of being arrested by the Thought Police. However, Winston continues to ponder about the absolute iron fist that the Inner Party has on the Outer Party members, analyzing the intimidating aura of the history book’s cover (portrait of Big Brother is displayed). Winston can sense the total control they have on everyone within the party and delves further into his contradicting feelings of what’s (outwardly) true and what’s false. He concludes that it is no longer clear, as the Party has successfully denied the “very existence of external reality”. The Party has driven their propaganda and brainwashing so deeply that they were able to blur the lines of truth and imagined beliefs by instilling one constant emotion, fear. Everyone’s memories became so jumbled that the truth remains lost and they can only resort to accepting everything offered to them as the truth. This demonstrates the way in which the Party has succeeded in obtaining total control of their surroundings. Not only has the citizen’s lives been twisted to their liking but so has their minds, and eventually, the history of the world as well. Everything condenses to a fictional setting, driven by propaganda without one morsel of truth.

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Jonathan “......Confession is not betrayal. What you say or do doesn’t matter; only feelings matter. If they could make me stop loving you- that would be real betrayal.” -Julia (137)

Julia is saying that it doesn't matter if Winston confessed against her because as long as they kept loving each other then she didn’t consider that as a betrayal. It shows the reader that Julia does not care if Winston confesses because a confession is built up of just words but instead Julia cares if Winston is forced to stop loving her because love is not made up of words but rather of feelings and emotion. The quote becomes important since it shows the character of Julia by conveying her preferences of feelings over just words.

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Jonathan Mendoza: “People who had never learned to think but were strong up in their hearts and bellies and muscles the power that would one day overturn the world. If there was hope, it lay in the proles!”

It is saying that the proles were not educated in the Ingsoc Philosophy and therefore were not brainwashed like the party members and even though they were “dumb”, they still had the strength to overthrow the government. What this quote means is that even though the proles were seen as the lower class they were actually the ones that could make things right for Oceania. The party members are supposed to be the intellectual ones and the high class and yet the proles think in a correct that would save the People of Oceania from the ignorance in their philosophy. This is important because it shows how erroneous the Ingsoc education by revealing the hopefulness of Oceania’s high class of party members compared to the lower class of the proles civilization.

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“Sanity is not statistical[.]” (179)
Winston is telling himself that sanity is not something that can be measured because Winston isn’t sure if the Party is insane or if he is. At this point, Winston realizes it doesn’t truly matter anymore. This quote is significant because in the Party’s mind, sanity is coldly statistical. A person either loves Big Brother or hates Big Brother. This is true even for Inner Party members and the Thought Police. Even though Winston believes that O’Brien is insane, and O’Brien justifies that he is not insane because he has a desire and is a holder of power, the way he goes about keeping the Party’s power is quite insane. Therefore, sanity cannot be measured..