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Mao was blamed for the results of the Great Leap, and power struggles broke out among the Communist leaders. Mao was worried that there would be rivals within the party. He then thought that China's newest generation had to experience revolution, so he enacted the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution." This is where Mao approved of young people to seek out "Capitalist Roaders," which is what he called his critics. Students and factory workers banded together and created the "Red Guard" whom of which would seek non-supporters and attack them. The Red Guard also held mass rallies in support of Mao, and falsely abused people with "bad class backgrounds" which were mainly rich people and supporters of the Nationalists before 1949.  In "struggle meetings" teachers, factory managers, and sometimes Communist members to confess crimes done against Mao. The poor people were then sent to a rural area to perform manual labor.
The effects of this Revolution caused schools to close, factories to slow production due to disputes between factions. In 1969, the Red Guards were sent away to finally end the Revolution. Many students didn't complete school, many were killed, and people lost faith in Mao.

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The Great Leap was a plan where families were to be split up and separated into different bunks. Large areas were separated into communes. The people would then eat in dining halls. Because of the people's work, they would be repaid in all the necessary commodities that is needed for a normal life. Food, clothing, housing, medical care, child care, schooling, and recreation.  Mao thought that the commune system would make the people build bridges, dams, irrigation systems, and other things that Modern China needed. The results of the Great Leap were tragic, with the people hating the plan and revolting. They ended up going to great lengths to prevent the plan, even if it meant destroying crops and slowing production in factories. Farmers were assigned to build schools and the such, but they didn't know how. Famine killed many people over the course of a few years.

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Mao had an odd idea for farming and agriculture, and that was called: "Collective Farming". Collective farming is where all the people of a state/country work to make food for the government to distribute evenly. Mao did this by taking away all privately owned farms and making everyone work at each one, instead of just one family working for themselves. The government would take the harvest and distribute it between all the people evenly, then keep what was left over.