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The Battles of Lexington, Concord, Breed’s Hill, and Bunker Hill (1775)

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The Battles of Lexington, Concord, Breed’s Hill, and Bunker Hill (1775)

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1. Battle of Lexington

--April 18, 1775
--A confrontation on Lexington started off the fighting.
--British hastily retreated under intense fire.
2. Battle of Concord

--British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord in order to seize an arms cache
3. Battle of Breed's Hill

--June 17, 1775
--American defeat
--The battle provided the Americans with an important confidence boost
4. Battle of Bunker Hill

--June 16, 1775
--British built fortifications on top of Breed’s Hill which provided tactical advantage.
--American Defeat

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XYZ affair (1797)

Diplomatic incident between France and the United States when American envoys to France were asked to pay a large bribe to meet with the French foreign minister

Helped spark the Quasi War: an undeclared war between America and France fought almost entirely at sea (also the U.S. wouldn’t pay back French debts)

Alien and Sedition acts (1798)

Raised the residency requirement for citizenship to 14 years, gave the president power to deport dangerous foreigners, and made it illegal to defame government officials or interfering with government policy

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798)

argued that the Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional, so the states could lawfully disobey them

“Revolution of 1800” - Election of 1800 - beginning of Democratic-Republican era and end of Federalist party

--Thomas Jefferson elected 3rd president

Convention of 1800 - Ended undeclared war with France (1798-1800)

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Shay’s Rebellion (1786)

Made politicians aware of the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a stronger government

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Document that established a procedure for the settlement of the Northwest Territory and the method for inducting future states

11 States ratify the Constitution (1787-1788)

George Washington elected first president of the United States (1789)

First Supreme Court Session (1790)

States ratify Bill of Rights (1791)

Written by James Madison to protect key rights of the people and prevent the government from gaining too much power

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Revolutionary War

Invasion of Quebec (1775)

Devastating failure, physically injurious as well as intangibly injurious to the morale

First major defeat

Battle of Trenton (1776, American Victory)

George Washington famously crosses the Delaware

Battle of Princeton (1777, American Victory)

Washington left deceptive campfires and marched 18 miles away with his men overnight

Essential morale boost after the Quebec defeat

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

The turning point of the war - the French agree to send military aid

US adopts Stars and Stripes as flag (1777)

The Siege of Yorktown (1781, Yorktown)

Surrender of 8,000 British troops

End of the Revolutionary War

States ratify the Articles of Confederation (1781)

Officially unified the nation under a centralized federal government

However, it was weak and could not tax, control trade, or enforce the law

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Officially ended the Revolutionary War and forced all countries to recognize American independence

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1. Intolerable Acts (1774)

2. First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia to protest Intolerable Acts (1774)

3. Congress Bans Slave Trade (1774)

4. The Battles of Lexington, Concord, Breed’s Hill, and Bunker Hill (1775)

5. Olive Branch Petition (1775)

6. Thomas Paine's Common Sense is published (1776)

7. Thomas Jefferson drafts the Declaration of Independence (1776)

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Sugar Act (1764)

First tax levied on the colonists by the British but was lowered substantially because of colonial protests

Stamp Act (1765)

Repealed in 1766 because of mass colonial protests (“no taxation without representation”- a key idea throughout the war)

Stamp Act Congress meets in New York to condemn stamp act (1765)

Boston Massacre (1770)

Widely used by the patriots for political propaganda

Boston Tea Party (1773)- Led by Sam Adams in protest of the Tea Act

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French and Indian/Seven Years' War (1754-1763) --> Nine-year war between the British and French in North America for land dominance in North America

Treaty of Paris (1763)- Ended the Seven Years' War

Proclamation of 1763

Mercantilism

The economic theory that trade (mainly exports) generates wealth/power and colonies are an effective means by which to gain wealth and power.

Generates great wealth for the mother country at the expense of the colonies