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Switches are networking devices that connect hosts by receiving incoming data packets and redirects them to their intended destination.

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A hub is a networking device that allows multiple
computers to communicate with each other over a network. It is available in 4 to 12 ports.

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It works by broadcasting all incoming data to all active ports.

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The two types of hubs are Network hub and USB hub.

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• Cheap and simple
• Can connect different media types

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• Half-duplex
• Wastes bandwidth
• Causes unnecessary traffic

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Switches uses MAC address tables or CAM tables to send data packets to their intended destination.

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There are no other types of switches.

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• Full-duplex
• Keeps a record of MAC Address
• Prevents Bandwidth Waste
• Increases network size

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• Generally more expensive than hubs

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Bridges are networking devices that interconnects 2 or more networks together by dividing the LAN into different segments.

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A repeater is a network device that replicates and amplifies a received signal to an extended geographical area.

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Bridges divide a LAN into segments and help the hosts send and receive data to the specific segment where the receiver or host belong.

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Repeaters work by amplifying
the received signal then
re-broadcasts it to another area.

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The five types of repeaters are Wi-Fi repeaters, network repeaters, telephone repeaters, submachine cable repeaters, and radio repeaters.

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There are no other types of bridges.

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• Keeps a record of MAC Addresses
• Prevents bandwidth waste.
• Reduces network traffic.

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• Expensive
• Slower than hubs

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• It amplifies the signal
• It does not affect the performance of the network when it’s performing its task on the signal.
• Repeaters can be used in different mediums for reception and transmission.
• It does not increase or decrease the network traffic.

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• It is not possible to connect different network
architectures using repeater. For this router or gateway is
needed.
• The number of repeaters to be used are limited between
two ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which
results into packet collisions or problems in the packet
detection.
• Repeaters do not perform filtering of the data.

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A router is a networking device that connects computers and other devices to the Internet by acting as a dispatcher that chooses the best route for the packets to travel.

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Modems are network devices that allows devices to send and receive data over the internet.

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It routes or passes the internet connection to all devices
connected to it by distributing data packets to intended
destination using the IP addresses of each device.

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The four types of routers are wired routers, wireless routers, brouters, and modem routers.

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Modems demodulate incoming analogue signals from the internet into digital signals and modulates outgoing digital signals from a computer into analogue signals.

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• Communicate across networks
• Keeps a record of IP Address
• Prevents Bandwidth waste
• Increases network size

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• More expensive
• Security risks

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There are 3 types of modems. These are the cable modem, DSL modem, and USB modem.

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• High transmission speed
• Supports different media types

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• Expensive
• Vulnerable to hackers and malware