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Fig. 1

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1760-1840
Saw the first developments of mass production. Powered by steam, coal and water, the Industrial Revolution changed the fabric of society and things that were once only made by hand were being mass produced in factories, especially in the textile industry in Britain. This also allowed for more factory jobs as society was changing to something never seen before.

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Fig. 2

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In 1858 we saw the birth of Haute Couture and also a lot of other common elements in our modern fashion system thanks to Charles Worth. Worth is often regarded as the "father of haute couture" (Krick, 2004) as he not only brought to life high end, intimate and delicate designs but also developed a lot of elements that are still essential to a fashion system today. Some of these elements include seasonal fashion collections, using live models as well as celebrities and influential people as 'ambassadors' of his clothing to get his designs noticed by people who look up to said people. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, people saw the birth of the House of Worth, a namesake couture house in Paris that would be continued through his sons, Jean-Phillipe and Gaston-Lucien following the passing of Charles Worth in 1895. (Krick, 2004)

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Fig. 3

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In 1892, Vogue published their very first magazine. This ultimately began the global rush of fashion at this time. This issue holds articles that focused on different societies fashions. These early issues were filled with fashion illustrations which were indications of popular fashion of the time and gave people. It also let people know about all of the elegant and important social events happening at the time whilst showing what styles the influential people at the time were wearing, most were thanks to Charles Worth.

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Fig. 4

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Known as "the peace and plenty between wars" (10 Fascinating Facts About The Belle Epoque, 2016), this era was given its name after the First World War, as people came to realise how beautiful this time actually was after experiencing a global heartbreak that was the war. This era was known for its artistic and cultural boom. Arts, theatre, dancing, architecture and even landmarks that we know today were all bought to life at this time.

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Fig. 5

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In the dawn of the 20th Century, fashion carried over from the 19th Century with tight fitted corset silhouettes. The S-Bend corset was the most popular shape of the 1900's and its use was to accentuate the breasts and the behind in an almost pigeon type shape. However, although popular at the time, this would probably be the last time that we would see such a harsh silhouette used in modern day fashion.

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Fig. 6

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Also known as the "Great War", World War I marks a devastating time in world history. A large portion of the male population was drafted and sent away to war where there would end up being millions of soldiers who wouldn't return home, however those who did return often with psychological trauma, illness such as trench foot and long lasting medical issues. (Tibbits, 2016)

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Fig. 7

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After what took nearly 100 years to achieve, in 1920 the women apart of the Suffragette movement hit a milestone. On the 20th of August, 1920, the 19th Amendment was overturned meaning that in all the 50 states of America, women finally had the right to vote. This was monumental as it added to the growing want for independence and equality that these women had been fighting for for so long.

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Fig. 8

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Following the end of the devastating First World War, the 1920's, also referred to as the "Roaring Twenties" was a time of extravagant outrageousness and a key influence and memorable figure  of this time was the Flapper. These women were known to be rebellious in their nature and also the way they expressed themselves. The main silhouette was a boxy, boyish shape which resulted in these women cutting their hair off, ridding themselves of constrictive clothing like corsets and instead wearing straight, boxy dresses with embellishments they would add for emphasis when dancing and raised hemlines to show off their legs. During the war & post war was a big time for women to find their independence due to most males being at war or unfortunately not returning home.
"They smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol, rode in and drove cars and kissed and "petted" with different men" (Pruitt, 2018)

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Fig. 9

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1929-1939
October 24, 1929 marks a moment in history also known as "Black Thursday" as the world witnessed the major crash of the Stock Market. The effects of this event lasted years up until the the start of WWII and left millions unemployed and millions of dollars of investments lost. The worst period of the Great Depression was 1933 with "some 15 million americans unemployed and nearly half the country's banks had failed." (Editors, 2009)

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Fig. 10

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Born in Rome 1890, Schiaparelli is most well known for her incorporation of surrealist art in her fashion designs. As seen above, this collaboration with surrealist artist Salvador Dali "[demonstrated] the interconnected nature of the fashion and art worlds in the early 20th Century". (Rubenstein, 2020) This design was not necessarily what was fashionable at the time although the idea was quite provocative for the time.

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Fig. 11

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In 1939, just as the world had recovered from what was the Great Depression, Germany invaded Poland which marked the start of a truly heartbreaking and evil Second World War. Heavily influenced by the German dictator, Adolf Hitler, World War II saw not only a devastating 20 million military lives but 40 million civilian deaths, mostly those of Jewish heritage. The Holocaust is a disturbing time in the Earths history and will never be forgotten.
A lot of other major events happened during WWII as well, the bombing of Pearl Harbour and the dropping of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima.

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Fig. 12

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As a result of the ongoing war, countries such as Britain implemented a scheme called clothes rationing. This meant that citizens would receive a certain amount of coupons per year which they would use to purchase their clothes. This was the countries way of safeguarding the raw materials they had to make the clothes whilst also limiting the consumption. To ensure that people were getting good quality clothes for their precious coupons, people started making what we know as Utility Clothing. This Utilitarian style of clothing saw an end to some common design elements such as limited pockets, double breasted jackets and double cuffed sleeves as a way to save material, which actually saved about 5million square metres of cotton per year.

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Fig. 13

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Post war, Paris' fashion industry was close to none. In an effort to rebuild a once iconic industry, we saw the birth and rebirth of some massive fashion houses that are still influential today such as Dior, Balenciaga, Chanel and Givenchy. Parisian fashion post war differed from largely from powerhouse America. American fashion was very much trying to adapt a laid back, relaxed and trying to adopt the "teenager" influence in contrast to Paris where the goal was luxury and the resurgence of haute couture. Cinched waists for a tight hourglass silhouette, accessories galore such as hats, necklaces, gloves and handbags were what made them stand out against the americans.

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Fig. 14

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1969
At the end of the decade, the world had hit a milestone. 11 American astronauts were sent into space in an attempt to be the first people to land on the moon in what people called the "Space Race". At 10:56pm EDT on the 20th of July 1969, Neil Armstrong made the first steps on the moon and radioed the famous quote, "Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind". (NASA, 2019)

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Fig. 15

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Jackie Kennedy Onassis was not only the First Lady of the United States beside her husband John F. Kennedy but was also a stylish fashion icon of the 1960's. Her style bought together elements from both post war Parisian and American fashion of that era. She was known for her two piece matching suits, pillbox hats, gloves, dresses and jewellery which made her the icon we remember her as. (Jo, 2020)

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Fig. 16

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From disco, to bohemian style, Cher's influence on fashion of the 70's was iconic. Not only was she a booming music artist of the time but Cher could be referred to as the epitome of 1970's fashion. She embodied all the trends of the decade and adding her own spice and extravagance to it. As seen in the photo above she held so much beauty and poise in her appearance during this era. Cher was the spirit of disco and fashion in the 70's.

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Fig. 17

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In the 1980's, women took charge of their rights and their independence by entering the workforce with influence from previous decades. The style of "Power dressing" was extremely popular and heavily influenced by powerful people at the time such as Princess Diana, Margaret Thatcher, Barbara Walters and Hilary Clinton. The style, much like we had seen before in the 1940's by Coco Chanel, were 2 piece suits with very distinct wide shoulders often with shoulder pads. Another reason this trend was so incredibly popular is in the name. When women wore these suits they felt powerful and as if they could be whoever they wanted to be.

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Fig.  18

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In 1985, the sneaker game would be changed forever. A collaboration between at the time up and coming brand NIKE and 1984 no.3 NBA draft pick Michael Jordan would release one of the most popular sneakers in history. The NIKE Air Jordan 1 and Michael Jordan have changed the way that sneaker culture operates within history. The idea of being "Like Mike" is what made these sneakers so popular. Everybody wanted to wear what their favourite music artists, celebrities or superhero athletes were wearing which is what made these collaborations so successful. It was arguably one of the first times that sneakers weren't just worn for sport or physical activity but as a way to express ones social status.

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Fig. 19

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There was a noticeably large shift in what was fashionable from the 80's to the 90's. Whilst the 80's were a time of over the top, bright, loud neon fashion, the step into minimalist fashion in the 90's is still even prevalent in contemporary fashion. Designers aimed to use this new wave of fashion to draw attention to other things or put emphasis on something other than the clothes for example highlighting sex appeal and elegance rather than loud designs but also exploring practicality. (Marrone, n.d) Some influential designers of the decade and trend include Calvin Klein, Tom Ford, Donna Karan and Miuccia Prada.

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Fig. 20

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The 90's were a time a growing celebrity culture. This meant that people were following what celebrities such as musicians, actors and actresses and supermodels were doing, wearing and endorsing and implementing it into their lives. Today we see the style of "off duty supermodel" as a popular aesthetic and this was also the case in the 1990's. Influential supermodels such as the ones in the photo above included Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, Linda Evangelista and of course Kate Moss were among some "powerful women who served as muses " (Marrone, n.d) to everyday street fashion.

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Fig. 21

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In the turn of the century, early on a lot of the fashion was still inspired by the 1990's however a lot of the popular fashion most well known for the decade is cringed about in memory. The 2000's were a time of low rise jeans, skirts, cropped shirts, Juicy Couture tracksuit sets and double denim ensembles like the memorable Britney and Justin picture from 2001. Contemporary fashion is bringing back some of these Y2K trends but some should stay back where they belong.

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Fig. 22

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This decade enters the peak of social media in society and in 2010, a photo sharing app called Instagram hit the app store. What started out as a innocent photo sharing platform has turned into one of the biggest innovations of this generation. Instagram has developed into the epicentre for celebrity and influencer culture, where people can now post photos endorsing a multitude of brands and products to audiences of millions of people. Its platform allows for brands to reach a new plethora of consumers. Although there are many benefits and positivity associated with this app, it is often times regarded as toxic due to the sometimes unachievable lifestyles of influencers and their young impressionable audiences. Instagram whilst beneficial for businesses and influencing culture, is also at the forefront of a lot of body image and other anxiety related issues of this generation.

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Fig. 23

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Towards the end of 2019, the world began to hear noise of a fast spreading infectious disease coming out of China. At first people weren't too alarmed until the first few months into 2020 when the world went into crisis mode. Mandatory lockdown rules were set into place as people began to see how dangerous this disease was. Everything shut down like businesses, overseas and interstate travel, people could only leave the house for an hour to exercise, panic buying began as the world saw a shortage of toilet paper, and hundreds of thousands of people were dying everyday due to coronavirus. Face masks became mandatory and people were having to think outside of the box and find new things to do at home due to stay at home restrictions. As things began to get better, we saw second waves of the virus and repeated lockdown restrictions were put into place. As the world tries to recover, countries are still on high alert and people are still required to help stop the spread by using face masks, social distancing and getting tested.

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Fig. 24

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Ironically, although people were made to stay at home under lockdown restrictions, online shopping and the retail, beauty and other numerous industries benefited a lot by people sitting at home and shopping. Lounge wear and athletic wear was extremely popular during this time as people wanted to feel comfortable but not sit around in pyjamas all day and also had a lot of free time to exercise as sometimes this was the only reason you were allowed to leave your house. Face masks have become a fashion accessory and come in a multitude of designs. As for high fashion, in the lighter lockdown stages, designers have had to get creative with fashion shows as crowds are no an option due to social distancing.