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1. Role of the gods: “Sing in me Muse and through me tell the story of that man…” (Homer 951). At the beginning of the story, Homer, asks the Muse,  to help him retell Odysseus’ tale.

2. Plot Point: “My home is on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca…” (Homer 953). Odysseus’ ordinary world is Ithaca with his wife Penelope, and his son, Telemachus.

3. Greek Values: “No ship made sail next day until some shipmate had raised a cry, three times, for each poor ghost unfleshed by the Cicones…” (Homer 954). The Greek believed everyone deserved an honorable death and should be paid respect before parting to the next world.

4. Characteristics: “My men were mutinous fools…” (Homer 953-54). In Sailing from Troy, Odysseus orders his men to return to the ship. Instead of following his orders, they become greedy and rebellious, which upsets Zeus.

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1. Role of the gods:
"There was a din of whistling as the Cyclops rounded his flock to higher ground, then stillness, and now I pondered how to hurt him worst, if but Athena granted what I prayed for" (Homer 103). Odysseus had prayed for Athena to get him out of the cave. Odysseus prays to his favorite goddess, because he needs a plan to escape the Cyclopes.
Guess what... Athena answers to his prayers and they sail away.
2. Plot Point(s):
Odysseus faces an enemy in the test. " I drove my  big hand spike into the embers of his eye."(Homer 105)
3. Greek Values
Odysseus had shown intelligence. "The choicest of the flock I choose and hung myself under his belly" (Homer 107). Odysseus chose the biggest sheep to escape under so Polyphemus had less of a chance to see him.
4. Characteristics
Odysseus and his men had shown fearlessness, having the guts to still have plan in a bad situation. " You think i might be such a fool, but i kept thinking how to win the game." (Homer 106)

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1. Role of the gods:
Circe telling  told Odysseus about the land of the dead and lead him there.  "Took our way through the way along the ocean stream to find the way foretold by Circe"  (Homer 973)
2. Plot Point(s)
Odysseus is crossing the threshold to The Land of the Dead.  "When you make landfall on Thraciana first and quiet the violet sea." (Homer 973)
3. Greek Values
Bravery, Since Odysseus constantly spoke up. "Then i addressed him, gazing upon his abnormally large body." (Homer 971)
4. Characteristics
Odysseus shows an Intelligence flaw  because as he is leaving he yells to the cyclops "Polyphemus, I do have a name, I am ruler of Ithaca." (Homer 972) He should have never told Polyphemus who he really is, this is what had lead to Polyphemus and his father putting a curse on Odysseus.

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1. Role of the gods:
In The Sirens Circe is foretelling the men to put wax in there ears so they do not fall for the Sirens. "Circe foresaw and told us" (Homer 975)
2. Plot Point(s)
Odysseus is tested by the gods in The Sirens. Since Odysseus and his crew are faced the noise of the Sirens. “as I was against the stern the harsh elements dazed me and I couldn’t stop but screaming to my men who had tightened it “they tied me up, then plump, amidships.” (Homer 997)
3. Greek value
Odysseus had shown loyalty, his crew mates did not, they didn't follow a greek value. “My loyal companions had listened, they sat their and payed the oars.” (Homer 998). Odysseus had realized that they had listened.
4. Characteristics
Odysseus men had show'd him courage. Since he had the courage to stay on the front and endure the sirens. “Going forward they had tied me up” (Homer 977)

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1. Role of the gods:
Zeus hrlped in this episode as Odysseus had asked. Zeus saved Odysseus from death.  “Zeus help us pull away before we founder.” (Homer 979)
2. Plot Point(s)
Again facing Odysseus is another test. As they’re being tested for their lives. “She ate them as they shrieked there in her den. “ (Homer 978)
3. Greek Values
Odysseus has shown loyalty as he followed Tyreceus' advise to stay to the farthest side. “Rocks we’re behind, Charybdis too and  Scylla had as well” (Homer 980)
4. Characteristics
“Scylla made her strike, grabbing six of my men, I hear voices form high above calling my name but we moved on farther and farther.” (Homer 980) Odysseus has shown fearlessness.

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1. Role of the gods:
Zeus was the one who helped Odysseus sail here. “And heavy clouds from Zeus halted us to this land.” (Homer 980)
2. Plot Point(s)
Odysseus is tested again, he failed, since the test was not to eat the cattle. “we had flayed every carcass there, cutting every thighbone and eating” (Homer 981)
3. Greek Values
Odysseus' men broke his loyalty since they ate the cattle. “With strips of meat laid on the fire.” (Homer 982) They butchered the cows, and roasted strips of meat over a fire.
4. Characteristics Odysseus shows belief in the gods that he will return to Ithaca. “No more sea farting no more sweet day of return to Ithaca.” (Homer 985)

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1. Role of the gods:
"As for my change of skin, that is a charm of Athena, Hope of Soldiers, uses as she will; she has the knack to make me seem a beggar man sometimes...."(Homer 997). Athena disguised Odysseus as an old beggar. This way she helped him to see how loyal Penelope and family were to him. He also wanted to see if Antinous upheld Greek values.
2. Plot Point(s)
"You cannot be my father Odysseus! Meddling spirits conceived this trick to twist the knife on me!) Telemachus is in misbelief that his father is the old beggar. Yet, he thinks he is an immortal.
3. Greek Values
"The swineherd later on will take me down the port-side trail-a beggar, by my looks, hangdog and old. If they make fun of me in my old courtyard..." (Homer 992) Odysseus believes the suitors will not uphold the greek value of hospitality. In the future they find out that this is true.
4. Characteristics
"Now one thing more, If son of mine you are and blood of mine, let no one hear Odysseus is about. Neither Laertes, nor the swineherd here, nor any slave, nor even Penelope." Odysseus sees trust in Telemachus to keep him being in Ithaca a secret.

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1. Role of the god(s): "Still disguised as a beggar..."  (Homer1001). Athena disguises Odysseus as a beggar to help him identify who has remained loyal to him during his absence.
2. Plot Point(s): "Telemachus, sat still without a tear...shook his head from side to side..." (Homer 1003). Telemachus is acting as an ally during this episode and remaining calm until the time comes to seek revenge on the suitors.
3. Greek Value(s): "A poor show...bad business, if he happened to be a god. You know they go in foreign guise...to keep an eye on manners..." (Homer 1002) The Greeks respect the power of the god and the role they play. One of the suitors was suggesting Odysseus may be a god in disguise and Antinous should be careful about how he treats him.
4. Characteristics: "There is no pain, no burden for the heart when blows come to a man, and he defending his own cattle..." (Homer 1002). Odysseus is a loyal man who will go to great efforts to protect his wife and home.

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1. Role of the Gods:
Lord Lacerates had kept Odysseus alive. "Him the lord Lacerates has kept him alive" (Homer 1005)
2. Plot Point(s)
Penelope believes the beggar that Odysseus is disguised as may know something about himself. "Go to that man on my behalf Eumaeus, and send him here, so I can greet and question him. Abroad in the great world, he may have heard rumours about Odysseus- may have known him!" (Homer 1003)
3. Greek Values
Penelope had shown Odysseus faith and she had kept loyal to him. "Many long nights without him has me longing for him."(Homer 1001)
4. Characterization
Penelope was showing signs of hope, Since she had been hoping for his return and now that she had just got word from the old beggar that her husband would be returned home soon. "He is alive and well and is headed homeward now." (Homer 1005)

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1. Role of the gods:
Athena gave wisdom to Penelope to make a test that only  her husband would be able to complete. "Penelope says she will marry any man who can string Odysseus' bow  and shoot the arrow through 12 axhandle sockets." (Homer 1007)
2. Plot Point(s)
Odysseus is facing a task that is not necessary for the suitors because non of them can complete this test, except himself. "The Suitors try and fail. Only Odysseus may wield his bow." (Homer 1007)
3. Greek Values
The suitors lacked intelligence while calling what they thought was a beggar names WHILE they watched him successfully stringing the bow. "See how he handles it, the sly old buzzard!" (1007)
4. Characterization
Odysseus was showing signs of bravery and loyalty. To get up in front of all the suitors looking like an old beggar. He showed loyalty to Penelope by coming back, completing the challenge so he could marry Penelope. "Odysseus in one motion strung the bow." (Homer 1007)

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1. Role of the gods:
Athena and Eumaeus help Telemachus and Odysseus' battle the Suitors. "Aided by Athena, Odysseus, Telemachus and Eumaeus and other faithful herdsman kill all the Suitors."(Homer 1013)
2. Plot Point(s)
Odysseus strings an arrow on his bow and the first suitor he kills is Antinous for being so rude and not up heeling the greek value of hospitality. "Odysseus' arrow hit him under the chin." (Homer 1009)
3. Greek Values
Telemachus showed care and loyalty to his father by wanting to protect him. "Father let me bring you a shield and a spear" (Homer 1012)
4. Characterization
Antinous' men felt fearful that Odysseus was going to slaughter them, which he did. "They will tear your eyes out!" (Homer 1008)

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1. Role of the gods:
Athena makes sure peace is kept in Ithaca and Odysseus re-unites with his father "Odysseus reunites with his father, Athena makes peace prevail in Ithaca..." (Homer 1017)
2. Plot Point(s)
Penelope gives Odysseus many tests to prove that he I her husband. He proves to her that only he couldn't moved the olive tree trunk to the position that its in, she knows only he has the power and will to do that. "Could someone else's hand had sawn that trunk and dragged the frame away?!" (Homer 1016) "Their secret as she heard it told" (Homer 1016) She soon realized only he knew that secret, it was Odysseus.
3. Greek Values
Eurynome is respecting hospitality by bathing Odysseus. "...was being bathed now by Eurynome and rubbed with golden oil."
4. Characterization
Penelope showed anger towards Odysseus when he was trying to figure out why she didn't believe it was him. "Do not rage at me Odysseus!" (Homer 1017)