# data[].attributes.headline
Missoula officials propose ban on single-use plastic bags

# data[].attributes.subject
Missoula officials propose ban on single-use plastic bags

# data[].attributes.body
Plastic bags from shops littered a landfill in Missoula, Utah during a violent windstorm. An ordinance is being made to ban their use.
https://www.missoulacurrent.com/outdoors/2019/05/plastic-bags/

# data[].attributes.headline
"Garfield" phones have littered France's coast for 30 years; mystery solved

# data[].attributes.subject
"Garfield" phones have littered France's coast for 30 years; mystery solved

# data[].attributes.body
For over 30 years, "Garfield" phones have been washing up on the coast of a French beach and littering it. It was discovered these phones came from a container wedged in a cave since the 1980s because they fell off of container ships. Aquatic animals in trenches below have been found with plastic in them from these phones.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/garfield-phones-mystery-devices-washing-up-on-beaches-france/

# data[].attributes.headline
A Troubling Discovery in the Deepest Ocean Trenches

# data[].attributes.subject
A Troubling Discovery in the Deepest Ocean Trenches

# data[].attributes.body
Alan Jamieson, a marine biologist at Newcastle University, has been sending vehicles to the bottom of marine trenches to collect amphipods. They have been examined and it was discovered that they contain fibers of PCBs and plastic.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/02/deepest-ocean-trenches-animals-eat-plastic/583657/

# data[].attributes.headline
Hermit Crab drags doll's head along beach after getting stuck when it crawled inside

# data[].attributes.subject
Hermit Crab drags doll's head along beach after getting stuck when it crawled inside

# data[].attributes.body
A volunteer cleaning a beach named Joseph Cronk found a hermit crab stuck inside of a doll's head in Wake Island. The crab supposedly exchanged its shell for it, but taking this crab out of its new habitat could harm it.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7032663/Creepy-moment-hermit-crab-drags-dolls-head-beach-getting-stuck-crawled-inside.html

# data[].attributes.headline
Coca-Cola most common source of packaging pollution on UK beaches – study

# data[].attributes.subject
Coca-Cola most common source of packaging pollution on UK beaches – study

# data[].attributes.body
229 UK beach cleans have resulted in the finding of litter, most of them being Coca-Cola bottles and cans. 50,000 pieces of waste have been found total with 20,000 of those pieces being Coca-Cola bottles and cans.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/14/coca-cola-packaging-pollution-on-uk-beaches-surfers-against-sewage-study

# data[].attributes.headline
There’s plastic litter at the bottom of the deepest ocean trench. Human destruction will outlive us all

# data[].attributes.subject
There’s plastic litter at the bottom of the deepest ocean trench. Human destruction will outlive us all

# data[].attributes.body
"Aquanaut" Victor Vescovo dove into the Marina Trench and discovered plastic litter including candy bars and plastic bags. This litter is most commonly found in remote parts of the ocean and could kill the fish living in the trenches like the one below.

https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/plastic-pollution-mariana-trench-waste-litter-deep-sea-dive-a8913281.html

# data[].attributes.headline
Fox 'knocked on door for help' after getting head stuck in plastic tub

# data[].attributes.subject
Fox 'knocked on door for help' after getting head stuck in plastic tub

# data[].attributes.body
A fox was found in Mexborough, South Yorkshire, with her head stuck inside a plastic protein powder container. The RSPCA helped the animal by using bolt cutters, scissors, and a knife. She was not inured and was released into the wild so she could go back to her den.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/fox-stuck-rspca-rescue-knock-door-plastic-tub-a8855701.html

# data[].attributes.headline
Dead Whale Found With 88 Pounds of Plastic Inside Body in the Philippines

# data[].attributes.subject
Dead Whale Found With 88 Pounds of Plastic Inside Body in the Philippines

# data[].attributes.body
A 1,100 pound whale in the city of Mabini was found dead with 88 pounds of ingested plastic in its body. The plastic ended up compacting together as a solid brick in its body since the plastic has been there so long. There was no way for the whale to digest the plastic and get enough nutrients needed from other foods to survive.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/18/world/asia/whale-plastics-philippines.html

# data[].attributes.headline
How micro plastic particles are turning the oceans into plastic soup

# data[].attributes.subject
How micro plastic particles are turning the oceans into plastic soup

# data[].attributes.body
Millions of tons of plastic are polluting the ocean, with 80% of it coming from land and 20% of it coming from maritime sources. The plastic will not degrade chemically, but it will physically from sunlight, oxygen, and wave action in the process of fragmentation. The picture below shows a manta ray feeding amidst the polluted water.
https://www.greenbiz.com/article/how-microplastic-particles-are-turning-oceans-plastic-soup

# data[].attributes.headline
Floating device created to clean up plastic waste in the Pacific Ocean isn't doing its job

# data[].attributes.subject
Floating device created to clean up plastic waste in the Pacific Ocean isn't doing its job

# data[].attributes.body
A device that is 2,000 feet long with a 10-foot skirt that hangs below the water was created to clean pollution in the ocean. It is being used in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and its goal is to clean half of the trash within five years. So far, it has not been successful because it is concentrating the plastic, but not holding onto it.
https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/18/us/ocean-cleanup-system-pacific-garbage-patch-trnd/index.html

# data[].attributes.headline
With global warming come 'sunny day floods'

# data[].attributes.subject
With global warming come 'sunny day floods'

# data[].attributes.body
Lunar orbit has caused seasonal high tides and a rising sea and lake level due to climate change.This has roads to flood in the east and west coast; this can also be known as “sunny day floods”. The picture below shows a road in Florida flooded from global warming.
https://buffalonews.com/2019/05/13/don-paul-sunny-day-floods-plague-the-coasts/

# data[].attributes.headline
Climate Change Was The Engine That Powered Hurricane Maria's Devastating Rains

# data[].attributes.subject
Climate Change Was The Engine That Powered Hurricane Maria's Devastating Rains

# data[].attributes.body
Hurricane Maria's heavy rain has caused flooding in Puerto Rico which was due to climate change. In average, Puerto Rico gets around 150 inches of rain per year. When the hurricane hit, it dropped almost one quarter of the yearly rainfall in one day. Scientists have been studying rainfall amounts from 1956 to present, and have found out that Hurricane Maria had the most.
https://www.npr.org/2019/04/17/714098828/climate-change-was-the-engine-that-powered-hurricane-marias-devastating-rains

# data[].attributes.headline
NASA Captures Polluted Carolina Rivers Spilling Into the Ocean After Hurricane Florence

# data[].attributes.subject
NASA Captures Polluted Carolina Rivers Spilling Into the Ocean After Hurricane Florence

# data[].attributes.body
Hurricane Florence has caused massive amounts of flooding in North Carolina from the eight trillion gallons of rain that fell. This has flooded rivers and homes, and has also caused soils, sediments, decaying leaves, pollution, and other debris to discolor water in nearby rivers, bays, estuaries, and the ocean.
http://time.com/5406624/nasa-carolina-river-pollution-hurricane-florence/

# data[].attributes.headline
'Extraordinary': Almost 1/4 of West Antarctic ice is now 'unstable'

# data[].attributes.subject
'Extraordinary': Almost 1/4 of West Antarctic ice is now 'unstable'

# data[].attributes.body
Over the past 25 years, huge amounts of ice are melting from glaciers because of climate change warming the ocean. Studies have indicated that some places have ice thinned by 400 feet. The ice thins because it grinds against the seabed, which lessens the friction and allows them to slide more quickly into the ocean and become thinner.
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/05/17/climate-change-25-west-antarctic-ice-sheet-now-unstable-due-global-warming/3706584002/

# data[].attributes.headline
Global CO2 emissions surpass record 415ppm, just as Exxon predicted in 1982

# data[].attributes.subject
Global CO2 emissions surpass record 415ppm, just as Exxon predicted in 1982

# data[].attributes.body
New data from the Scripps CO2 Program at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii shows carbon monoxide concentrations for the last 60 years. Since 1950, carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by almost 100 ppm and they will continue to increase.
https://reneweconomy.com.au/global-co2-emissions-surpass-record-415ppm-just-as-exxon-predicted-in-1982-1982/

# data[].attributes.headline
New study reveals “extraordinary change” in El Niño possibly linked to climate change

# data[].attributes.subject
New study reveals “extraordinary change” in El Niño possibly linked to climate change

# data[].attributes.body
A new study appearing in appearing in the scientific journal Nature Geoscience reveals changes in El Niño. The study was conducted by using records from coral skeletons and a machine learning technique to analyse what El Niño events have occurred for the past four centuries. These changes could cause serious implications for societies and ecosystems, and the species living within them.
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/imageo/2019/05/07/new-study-reveals-extraordinary-change-in-el-nino-possibly-linked-to-climate-change/#.XNxVb1BKjIU

# data[].attributes.headline
Houston Shipping Channel Ship Collision Cleanup Continues After Toxic Spill, Reports of Fish Kill

# data[].attributes.subject
Houston Shipping Channel Ship Collision Cleanup Continues After Toxic Spill, Reports of Fish Kill

# data[].attributes.body
A Houston ship collided with a tanker, a tugboat and two barges which have caused 9,000 barrels of a toxic chemical to spill into the ocean. Concerns linger over contamination causing wildlife impacts as two dead seagulls were located near the incident, one dead raccoon was located dead in the city of Kemah, and some dead fish at one spot along the west shoreline of Galveston Bay.
https://weather.com/news/news/2019-05-13-houston-ship-channel-collision

# data[].attributes.headline
Wisconsin's protections against new drinking water pollutants slowed under Scott Walker

# data[].attributes.subject
Wisconsin's protections against new drinking water pollutants slowed under Scott Walker

# data[].attributes.body
During Walker’s administration, the amount of time for setting water pollution standards has increased as the governor and his appointees were discussing how to trigger the extensive toxicological review of new contaminants. Although, Walker never initiated the setting of health-based standards for new pollutants and as a result it is taking longer for the state to dispel any risks associated with chemical consumption.
https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/wisconsin-s-protections-against-new-drinking-water-pollutants-slowed-under/article_49ce2c4f-9a88-5560-a7a1-7746a9f93b06.html

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout the scrapbook project, I have discovered many articles about environmental damage that occurred from human intervention. The 20 articles I read were about water and plastic pollution, and also global warming. The most interesting articles I have read were about plastic pollution and increasing ppm. From these three articles, I was able to see how each of these conflicts can affect species and the environment.

The first article I read that interested me was the Garfield phones washing onto France’s coast. For more than 30 years they were mysteriously appearing all over beaches without any explanation, and then it was discovered where they came from. Even so it is still mysterious how the source of the Garfield phones first appeared, so this captivated me and I wanted to know more about the story. In the article, it says the phones were discovered in the remains of a container wedged in a sea cave that has been degrading over the past 30+ years. It also says the history of how the container got there by boat, but they added they didn’t know which boat dropped the container, what happened at the time, where the boat came from, and how many containers were dropped in the ocean. Unless someone who witnessed the event knew who was in the boat and where it came from, those questions may never be answered. It is perplexing to see how far the plastic from these phones went in the ocean as the article states how there are five trillion plastic fragments floating in the ocean and some were found lodged in fish and other aquatic species living at the bottom of trenches. From this article, I was able to learn how far plastic pollution can travel through the environment and where exactly it could end up.

The second article I read that interested me was the global CO2 emissions record ppm predicted by Exxon. The Scripps CO2 program, which was created by Exxon, commenced in 1956 and has been collecting data on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii since then. In the past 60 years, they have collected data of the total atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and I thought it was interesting to see the increasing and decreasing trend over the years. This increase was most likely because of industrialization throughout the 1950s, and it was also a few years before Hawaii became part of the US. It says in the article that the decreasing trend in the Keeling Curve graph is from seasonal variations. It might not be as surprising to see this constant trend, but the data from the Exxon Keeling Curve graphs could be helpful and interesting to study so people can predict what future ppm concentrations will be. While reading the article, I learned about the Keeling Curve and I analysed and predicted that the trend will continue to increase and decrease consistently.

The third article I read that interested me was the dead whale found with 88 pounds of plastic in its body. The article stated that a necropsy was done to the whale which revealed all of the plastic that was built up in its stomach and the cause of its death. It is interesting to see what 88 pounds of plastic looks like inside a whale, although it was sad to see how negatively impactful humans can be to these kind of organisms. I learned how damaging plastic can be to aquatic organisms at large doses and how closely plastic resembles an organism’s prey. This would cause the aquatic organisms to feed on the plastic rather than the prey they normally eat. Also, the article stated how plastic can cause whales to feel full, which is why they normally would not eat real food, leading to poor nutrition, It inspired me to try to think of ways that these aquatic species can be saved from the plastic clogging the ocean.

In conclusion, I enjoyed reading all of the articles that I chose for the scrapbook, but these three articles stood out to me the most. They showed me how organisms are affected by human intervention and how human intervention can mess with the climate, leading to global warming. In the two articles about affected organisms, I was able to view the damage the human population has done to these organisms from a number of factors. After seeing pictures of each species harmed, it was clear to me that environmentalists should be coming up with more conclusions on how to solve this ongoing problem. In the one article about the predicted ppm by Exxon, I was able to learn about the global CO2 Keeling Curve along with the past, present, and future trends. I also made predictions on what could possibly happen in the future with the levels of ppm.