# data[].attributes.body
Utility program
Task for Subgroup H2B: List examples of utility p

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Time-sharing                              A time sharing system allows many users to share the computer resources simultaneously. In other words, time sharing refers to the allocation of computer resources in time slots to several programs simultaneously. - http://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/disk-operating-system/time-sharing-operating-system                      A technique which allow many people siting at various terminals to access particular computer system at the same time. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.-  http://www.padakuu.com/article/28-time-sharing-operating-systems                               Time-sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.- https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_types.htmMemory allocationMemory allocation is the process of setting aside sections of memory in a program to be used to store variables, and instances of structures and classes.- www.cs.uah.edu/~rcoleman/Common/C_Reference/MemoryAlloc.htmlMemory allocation is the process of reserving a partial or complete portion of computer memory for the execution of programs and processes. Memory allocation is achieved through a process known as memory management.- https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27492/memory-allocationDynamic memory allocation is the allocation of memory storage for use during the run-time of a program, and is a way of distributing ownership of limited memory resources among many pieces of data and code.- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/memory-allocationDevice-driversMore commonly known as a driver, a device driver or hardware driver is a group of files that enable one or more hardware devices to communicate with the computer's operating system. Without drivers, the computer would not be able to send and receive data correctly to hardware devices, such as a printer.-  https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/driver.htm A device driver is a software program that controls a particular type of hardware device that is attached to a computer. When buying an operating system, many device drivers are built into the product. However, if a user later buys a new type of device that the operating system did not anticipate, the new device driver will have to be installed. A device driver essentially allows smooth communication between a connected hardware device and the operating system (OS).- https://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/definition/device-driverDevice drivers are small computer programs that allow operating systems to read pieces of hardware connected to your computer. There are countless kinds of device drivers for dozens of different pieces of computer hardware. However, for a computer to have bas

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A time sharing system allows many users to share the computer resources simultaneously. In other words, time sharing refers to the allocation of computer resources in time slots to several programs simultaneously. - http://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/disk-operating-system/time-sharing-operating-system

A technique which allow many people siting at various terminals to access particular computer system at the same time. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.-  http://www.padakuu.com/article/28-time-sharing-operating-systems

Time-sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.- https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_types.htm

Definition of Memory Allocation(H2F)

Memory allocation is the process of setting aside sections of memory in a program to be used to store variables, and instances of structures and classes.- www.cs.uah.edu/~rcoleman/Common/C_Reference/MemoryAlloc.html

Memory allocation is the process of reserving a partial or complete portion of computer memory for the execution of programs and processes. Memory allocation is achieved through a process known as memory management.- https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27492/memory-allocation

Dynamic memory allocation is the allocation of memory storage for use during the run-time of a program, and is a way of distributing ownership of limited memory resources among many pieces of data and code.- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/memory-allocation

Definition of Device-drivers(H2F)

More commonly known as a driver, a device driver or hardware driver is a group of files that enable one or more hardware devices to communicate with the computer's operating system. Without drivers, the computer would not be able to send and receive data correctly to hardware devices, such as a printer.-  https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/driver.htm

A device driver is a software program that controls a particular type of hardware device that is attached to a computer. When buying an operating system, many device drivers are built into the product. However, if a user later buys a new type of device that the operating system did not anticipate, the new device driver will have to be installed. A device driver essentially allows smooth communication between a connected hardware device and the operating system (OS).- https://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/definition/device-driver

Device drivers are small computer programs that allow operating systems to read pieces of hardware connected to your computer. There are countless kinds of device drivers for dozens of different pieces of computer hardware. However, for a computer to have basic functionality there are a few select drivers that all computers must have.- https://www.techwalla.com/articles/types-of-device-drivers

GROUP MEMBERS
1.MOHAMAD HARITH BIN MOHAMAD HASROMIA
2.NUR MUNIRAH HAZIQAH BINTI MUHAMMAD HISYAM
3.BATRISYIA ARINA BINTI BOKHARI
4.ENELSON CALVIN AK KULING
5.ABRAHAM MOSES SIM
6.MUHAMMAD NUR RAMADHAN BIN MAZIDI
7.AMIRAH TOYBAH BINTI MOHD BADRAN
8.AIDEL AHZAR BIN SAIT

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Virtual memory (VM) is a feature developed for the kernel of an operating system (OS) that simulates additional main memory such as RAM (random access memory) or disc storage. This technique involves the manipulation and management of memory by allowing the loading and execution of larger programs or multiple programs simultaneously. It also allows each program to operate as if it had infinite memory, and is often considered more cost effective than purchasing additional RAM.

Reference:
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4773/virtual-memory-vm

Group Members:
-Naim Bin Marsus (A1900588)
-Hairel Idham Bin Hasnuddin (A1900285)
-Mohd Irfan Kee Charles (A1900435)
-Amirul Syahmi Bin Baharuddin (A1900103)
-Kent Gelibat (A1900354)
-Najiah Hannan Binti Saupi (A1900590)
-Nur Fatini Amni Binti Mohd Fauzi (A1900734)
-Puteri Ain Najeeha Binti Mazlan (A1900906)
-Cindy James (A1901166)
-Nurul Huda Binti Ahmad Zubir (A1900874)

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A utility program, also called a utility, is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually
related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs. Most operating systems include
several built-in utility programs.
Users often buy stand-alone utilities, however, because they offer improvements over those
included with the operating system.
Functions provided by utility programs include the following: managing files, searching
for files, viewing images, uninstalling programs,
cleaning up disks, defragmenting disks, backing up files and disks, setting up screen savers,
ring a computer from unauthorized access, protecting against viruses, removing spyware and adware, filtering Internet content, compressing files, playing media files, burning optical discs, and maintaining a personal computer.

Reference:

B., G., 2010. Discovering Computers 2011: Complete (available Titles Skills Assessment Manager (sam) - Office 2007). Cengage Learning.

Group Members:

-Naim Bin Marsus (A1900588)
-Hairel Idham Bin Hasnuddin (A1900285)
-Mohd Irfan Kee Charles (A1900435)
-Amirul Syahmi Bin Baharuddin (A1900103)
-Kent Gelibat (A1900354)
-Najiah Hannan Binti Saupi (A1900590)
-Nur Fatini Amni Binti Mohd Fauzi (A1900734)
-Puteri Ain Najeeha Binti Mazlan (A1900906)
-Cindy James (A1901166)
-Nurul Huda Binti Ahmad Zubir (A1900874)

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DEFINITION OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) (H2C)

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DEFINITION OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) (H2C)

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What is an operating system? An operating system (abbreviated
OS) is a type of system software that acts as the master controller for all activities that take place within a computer system. It is one of the factors that determines your computer's compatibility and platform. Most personal computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, such as Microsoft Windows or Mac OS. A third operating system called Linux is typically used for high-end workstations and servers, but can also be installed on personal computers. A variety of other operating systems, such as Google Chrome OS, DOS, UNIX, and OpenSolaris are also available.

Reference:
Parsons, P., 2011. New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2012: Comprehensive. Course Technology PTR.

Group Members:
-Naim Bin Marsus (A1900588)
-Hairel Idham Bin Hasnuddin (A1900285)
-Mohd Irfan Kee Charles (A1900435)
-Amirul Syahmi Bin Baharuddin (A1900103)
-Kent Gelibat (A1900354)
-Najiah Hannan Binti Saupi (A1900590)
-Nur Fatini Amni Binti Mohd Fauzi (A1900734)
-Puteri Ain Najeeha Binti Mazlan (A1900906)
-Cindy James (A1901166)
-Nurul Huda Binti Ahmad Zubir (A1900874)

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Examples of Bespoken Software (Custom-made Software) :
1. eBay
2. Amazon

Source Link : https://medium.com/existek/bespoke-software-advantages-and-disadvantages-58122a1911f8

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Examples of Properiety Softwares :
1. iOS (Developed and owned by Apple)
2. Windows OS (Developed and owned by Microsoft)

Source Link  :
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z6r86sg/revision/4

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Examples of Open Source Softwares :
1. Python
2. Mozilla Firefox

Source Link :
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z6r86sg/revision/4

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Group H2K
TYPES OF SOFTWARE:
Examples of proprietary software- Internet Explorer, Adobe
Source: http://www.linfo.org/proprietary.html

Examples of open source software- Firefox, Micro Video Converter
Source: https://techspirited.com/open-source-software-examples

Examples of bespoke software- Process Street, Tipalti
Source: https://itenterprise.co.uk/7-successful-example-bespoke-software/?utm_campaign=Submission&utm_medium=Community&utm_source=GrowthHackers.com

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Task for Subgroup H2B: List examples of utility program and explain their function based on TWO different resources (relevant textbook, reliable website, etc.)

GROUP 2HB

1.     Antivirus Software

Antivirus software is use to detect , neutralize or eradicate malware . This software will also fight off other kinds of threats such as phishing attacks , worms , Trojan horses , rootkits and more .

Resource: https://safr.me/blog/2014/08/16/the-role-of-antivirus-software/

2.    BACKUP SOFTWARE

>To keep a backup of important data residing on computer or server hard drives.

>Has the ability to compress data to reduce the amount of backup space required.

Resource: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4229/backup-software

3.     Compression utility

A compression program or compression utility is a software program that can compress and decompress various file types.

Most operating systems include tools for compressing and uncompressing files. For example, latest versions of Microsoft Windowsinclude a compression utility for creating and extracting .zip files and Linux has tools for both .tar.gz and .zip. Other compressed files, like .7z and .rar, require a third-party compression utility to be installed, such as the ones listed below.

Example of compression utilities

7-Zip

PKZIP

WinAce

WinZip

WinRAR

Resource : https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/computil.htm

Group members :

1.     Alicia Rabai Anak Gaie (A1900077)

2.     Magdalena Sarah Wellson (A1900370)

3.     Noor Hazirah Bt Shaiful Nazri (A1900626)

4.     Ivy Loo Sui Ching (A1900327)

5.     Hashbie Sofea Annisha Bt Mohammad(A1900294)

6.     Audrey Chinda Anak Rufus (A1900131)

7.     Nur Amalia Binti Shari Amran(A1900686)

8.     Farhah Najibah Bt Halmah (A1900244)

9.     Nabilah Natasya Bt Abdul Karim ( A1900584)

Erna Nurhazlynna Bt Noordin ( A1900228

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source 2: website

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source 1: book

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Media development software
Example of uses :
Graphic-art software, desktop publishing software, multimedia development software, HTML editors, digital-animation editors, digital audio and video composition
For example:
3D computer graphics software.
Animation software.
Graphic art software.

Resource :
Campbell-Kelly, Martin; Aspray, William (1996). Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: Basic Books

Information Worker Software
Example of uses :
create and manage information, often for individual projects within a department, in contrast to enterprise management.
Resource :
"What is Application Software & Its Types | eduCBA"

Word Processing Software:
Example of uses:
Word Processing software is used to manipulate, format the text, to create memos, letters, faxes and documents. Processing Software is used to format and beautify the text.
For example:
Microsoft Word, Lotus Word Pro, Word pad and Corel WordPerfect.
Resource:
http://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/disk-operating-system/application-software

Group Members:
-Sarah Najla Binti Ahmad Fauzi  (A1900954)
-Farah Munyati Binti Yuslan  (A1900243)
-Nur Syazwina Binti Abdul Ghanie  (A1900793)
-Nurul Farhanim Binti Mat Zaid  (A1900866)
-Nurul Izzah Adila Binti Zulkiflee  (A1900879)
-Intan Nur Atirah Binti Mat Khamis  (A1900313)
-Amalina BA Binti Barahim  (A1900087)
-Nur Farah Adibah Binti Yusof  (A1900724)
-Muhammad Muhaimin Muizz Bin Mohd Shakri  (A1900539)

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Utility programs, commonly referred to as just "utilities," are software programs that add functionality to your computer or help your computer perform better. Some utility programs help keep your computer free from unwanted software such as viruses or spyware, while others add functionality that allows you to customize your desktop and user interface. In general, programs that help make your computer better are considered utilities.

Resource:
https://techterms.com/definition/utility

Group Members:
- GRACE USUN JOEL (A1900278)
- NABILAH ATHIRAH BINTI JAAFAR (A1900581)
- GENEVE PELAGA ANAK BUNDAK (A1900271)
- SCARLET SANDAM ANAK JEFRIE (A1900956)
- FILZATUN HANIS BINTI HATTA (A1900263)
- SITI NUR LIYANA BINTI IBRAHIM (A1900994)
- NORSUHAIZA NASHIRA BINTI SUHARDI (A1900651)
- NUR EYNSHIERRAH BINTI HAFIZUDIN (A1900717)
- DAYANG NORILYANA SYAFIQAH BINTI AWANG AHMAD TAJUDIN (A1900192)

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Virtual memory is a memory management capability of an operating system (OS) that uses hardware and software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage. Virtual address space is increased using active memory in RAM and inactive memory in hard disk drives (HDDs) to form contiguous addresses that hold both the application and its data.

Resource:
https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/virtual-memory

Group Members:
- GRACE USUN JOEL (A1900278)
- NABILAH ATHIRAH BINTI JAAFAR (A1900581)
- GENEVE PELAGA ANAK BUNDAK (A1900271)
- SCARLET SANDAM ANAK JEFRIE (A1900956)
- FILZATUN HANIS BINTI HATTA (A1900263)
- SITI NUR LIYANA BINTI IBRAHIM (A1900994)
- NORSUHAIZA NASHIRA BINTI SUHARDI (A1900651)
- NUR EYNSHIERRAH BINTI HAFIZUDIN (A1900717)
- DAYANG NORILYANA SYAFIQAH BINTI AWANG AHMAD TAJUDIN (A1900192)

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An operating system (OS), in its most general sense, is software that allows a user to run other applications on a computing device. While it is possible for a software application to interface directly with hardware, the vast majority of applications are written for an OS, which allows them to take advantage of common libraries and not worry about specific hardware details.

Resource:
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3515/operating-system-os

Group Members:
- GRACE USUN JOEL (A1900278)
- NABILAH ATHIRAH BINTI JAAFAR (A1900581)
- GENEVE PELAGA ANAK BUNDAK (A1900271)
- SCARLET SANDAM ANAK JEFRIE (A1900956)
- FILZATUN HANIS BINTI HATTA (A1900263)
- SITI NUR LIYANA BINTI IBRAHIM (A1900994)
- NORSUHAIZA NASHIRA BINTI SUHARDI (A1900651)
- NUR EYNSHIERRAH BINTI HAFIZUDIN (A1900717)
- DAYANG NORILYANA SYAFIQAH BINTI AWANG AHMAD TAJUDIN (A1900192)

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Memory allocation is a process by which computer programs and services are assigned with physical or virtual memory space. Memory allocation is the process of reserving a partial or complete portion of computer memory for the execution of programs and processes. Memory allocation is achieved through a process known as memory management.

Reference: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27492/memory-allocation

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DEFINITION OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE, SYSTEM SOFTWARE, DEVICE-DRIVERS, PREEMPTIVE MULTITASKING (H2A)

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DEFINITION OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE, SYSTEM SOFTWARE, DEVICE-DRIVERS, PREEMPTIVE MULTITASKING (H2A)

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Task for Subgroups H2G, H2H: List THREE different types of the application software based on TWO different resources (relevant textbook, reliable website, etc.) --> Each post should be dedicated for info from one resource. Example: 1+1+1 (three different type from three resources) or 2+1 (three different type from two  resources) or 1+2 (three different type from three resources). Total type of software must be THREE.

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TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE (H2-G)
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arwaaqatrunnada
15h
TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE (H2-G)
1. Business Software :- Example of use: project management, enterprise resource planning and web authoring.

2. Media and Entertainment Software :- Example of use : educational and reference, gaming, digital image and video editing.

Resource :  Evans, A., Martin, K., & Poatsy, M. A. (2008). Technology in action. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Group Members:
- Syarifah Arwaa Qatrunnada (A1901019)
- Alpriyani (A1900081)
- Nur Aqilatul A'aliyah (A1900696)
- Zaidatul Raihani (A1901074)
- Nurin Arisya (A1900824)
- Nur Asyiqin (A1900701)
- Nurul Azreen (A1900859)
- Valerie Jara (A1901037)
- Syarafana (A1901017)

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TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE (H2-G)
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arwaaqatrunnada
15h
TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE (H2-G)
1. General Purpose Software :- Examples of use : word processing application, spreadsheet application and database application. 
Resource : https://www.teach-ict.com/as_a2_ict_new/ocr/AS_G061/312_software_hardware/software/miniweb/pg7.htm

Group Members :
- Syarifah Arwaa Qatrunnada (A1901019)
- Alpriyani (A1900081)
- Nur Aqilatul A'aliyah (A1900696)
- Zaidatul Raihani (A1901074)
- Nurin Arisya (A1900824)
- Nur Asyiqin (A1900701)
- Nurul Azreen (A1900859)
- Nur Iman Alia (A1900749)
- Valerie Jara (A1901037)
- Syarafana (A1901017)
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Task for Subgroups H2i H2B: List THREE different examples of utility program and explain their function based on TWO different resources (relevant textbook, reliable website, etc.) --> One post will list different examples of utility program together with their functions from a resources

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Task for Subgroups H2K H2L: List TWO examples for each of these: proprietary software, open source software and bespoke software from reliable websites or journal article --> One post will consist of example for a type of software. If a company owns the software, mention the owner in your post.

add

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A device driver is a software program that controls a particular type of hardware device that is attached to a computer. When buying an operating system, many device drivers are built into the product. A device driver essentially allows smooth communication between a connected hardware device and the operating system (OS)
Resource:
https://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/definition/device-driver

Group Members :
- GABRIELLE ELYN JAMIH ANAK GERALD
- ESTEFANNY SONIA ANAK NGALIH
- TIFFANY KEW KAI LING
- EVANIANISHCA ANAK GODE
- NUR DANIA RASYIQAH BINTI SALIM
- NUR HAZWANI BINTI ABDULLAH
- MUHAMMAD IZZAT BIN AB.WAHAB
- EDRIQ MIZAN BIN RAMLI
- AZAM HAFIZI BIN AZMI MURAD

# data[].attributes.body
Time-sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.
Resource : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_types.htm

Group members :
- GABRIELLE ELYN JAMIH ANAK GERALD
- ESTEFANNY SONIA ANAK NGALIH
- TIFFANY KEW KAI LING
- EVANIANISHCA ANAK GODE
- NUR DANIA RASYIQAH BINTI SALIM
- NUR HAZWANI BINTI ABDULLAH  - MUHAMMAD IZZAT BIN AB.WAHID
- EDRIQ MIZAN BIN RAMLI
- AZAM HAFIZI BIN AZMI MURAD

# data[].attributes.body
1. Business Software :- Example of use: project management, enterprise resource planning and web authoring.

2. Media and Entertainment Software :- Example of use : educational and reference, gaming, digital image and video editing.

Resource :  Evans, A., Martin, K., & Poatsy, M. A. (2008). Technology in action. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Group Members:
- Syarifah Arwaa Qatrunnada (A1901019)
- Alpriyani (A1900081)
- Nur Aqilatul A'aliyah (A1900696)
- Zaidatul Raihani (A1901074)
- Nurin Arisya (A1900824)
- Nur Asyiqin (A1900701)
- Nurul Azreen (A1900859)
- Valerie Jara (A1901037)
- Syarafana (A1901017)

# data[].attributes.body
1. General Purpose Software :- Examples of use : word processing application, spreadsheet application and database application.
Resource : https://www.teach-ict.com/as_a2_ict_new/ocr/AS_G061/312_software_hardware/software/miniweb/pg7.htm

Group Members :
- Syarifah Arwaa Qatrunnada (A1901019)
- Alpriyani (A1900081)
- Nur Aqilatul A'aliyah (A1900696)
- Zaidatul Raihani (A1901074)
- Nurin Arisya (A1900824)
- Nur Asyiqin (A1900701)
- Nurul Azreen (A1900859)
- Nur Iman Alia (A1900749)
- Valerie Jara (A1901037)
- Syarafana (A1901017)