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Five Brains

Coordinator: Paúl Carrera

Melva Chicaiza

Tamara Echeverría

Vivian Monteros

Santiago Paredes

Collaborative work strategies

1. We will a good team with effort and respect.

2. Do work with mutual support and send it only when we all agree.

3. We will help each other in team presentations

4. The interaction, the exchange of ideas and knowledge.

5. We will help with the learning of the rest of our classmates.

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Pain is the physical feeling experienced by a person that is caused by disease, injury, or something that hurts the body.

Acute pain is directly related to the severity of tissue damage; and it lasts no longer than three to six months.

Pain can be accute or chronic depending of the time of duration.

Pain can be classified in differents types in agreement of characteritics of the sensitive.

People can´t feel the same pain

compared to other people, so everyone has different pain tolerance.

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Match the words in the box to the definition bellow.

1.    Gradual process occurring slowly over a period of time.

2.    Excruciating extremely painful.

3.    Intermittent happening occasionally.

4.    Persistent something that continues over a long period of time.

5.    Clammy unpleasantly damp or sticky.

6.    Cramping feeling caused by a concentration of the muscles.

7.    Pallor pale unhealthy looking skin.

8.    Intolerable unbearable.

9.    Radiate spreads in all directions from a particular point.

10. Dilated open wide, opposite of contracted.

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Fever or pyrexia is the increase of body temperature above the normal rage. (36 - 37.5 º C)

Most people´s body temperatures change a little bit during the course of the day: it´s a little lower in the morning and little higher in the evening.

Fever has many possible causes among them: inflammation, viral or bacterial infection, excessive exercise, sudden environmental changes, etc.

Fever can be measure by thermometer on different places of the body as:

1. Mouth - > 37.8 º C

2. Armpit - > 37.2 º C

3. Rectum - > 38 º C

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One in every 8 babies are born too early and labour before 37 weeks is considerated premature.

There are different causes of preterm birth as:

1. Preemplamsia

2. Kidney desease

3. Diabetes

4. Uterus dilation

The first major cause of preterm birth is stress (physical or psychological). Becausa the HPA axis is activated.

The complications are: low birth weight, respiratory problems (apnea), anemia, mental motor retardation, etc.

The care of premature baby is more demanding because should pay more attention for the instability iin their health.

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Birth asphyxia happens when a baby´s brain and other organs don´t get enough oxygen before, during or right after birth.

The causes of birth asphyxia coulb be by: very long delivery, problem with umbilical cord, high pressure of mother and baby´s airways blocked.

The newborn need to be treated in the intensive care unit to try to avoid the dangerous consequences as cerebral palsy.

When the damage caused by the lack of oxygen affects the brain these can produce development delay or intellectual desabilities.

Asphyxia produces low body temperature, problems with the respiratory system, brain damage and slow movement.

Why is important the cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
Because this procedure can save the life of the baby.

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MAIN POINTS

Measles is extremely contagious and is a leading cause of death among chilren or areas with low vaccination, but actually the virus is considered extinct.
The virus travels to the lower airways joining its epithelium and releasing haemagglutinin which will bind with various cellular factors that have the cell expresses more virus in the organism.
The disease has three phases:

Prodromal stage: fever, coryza, nasal discharge.

Eruptive stage: RASH.

Postmeasles stage: weight loss,  diarrhoea.

The symptoms appear about  7 to 14 days after a person is infected but 2 or 3 days later present the RASH on the skin.
The treatment consist in complete plan of immunisation; supportive (fluids and antipyretics); vitamin A; Ribavirin.

VOCABULARY

Measles - sarampión

Coryza - rinitis

Rash - erupción

Harmful - perjudicial

Conjunctivitis - enrojecimiento ocular

Koplik spots - manchas de koplik (in mouth)

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N.S. is the systematic response to severe infection in the first month of life and it can present on 1-5 per 1000 live birth infants.
The major cuase of N.S. is E.coli infection
It´s divided into two categories:

Early onset sepsis (EOS) until 7 days of life

Late onset sepsis (LOS) + 7 days of life

The baby can present lethargy, stiff limbs, grunting, capillary refill more than 3 seconds, cyanosis, apnea, low or high temperature and problem with involuntary movements.
The possible complications are:

Cerabral, renal, cardiac and pulmonary failure

Septic shock

thrombocytopenia

Adrenal damage

Leukopenia

The treatment needs the indication to provide antibiotics.

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Diarrhea is loose, watery stools.
Causes: rotavirus, E coli, Giardiasis.
The leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years: diarrhea 1,7 billion causes worldwide.
Dehydration, pain, injury of bowel cells.

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Pediatric Respiratory sounds and infections

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Pediatric Respiratory sounds and infections

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Lung sounds, also called breath sounds, can be auscultated across the anterior and posterior chest walls with a stethoscope.

Barking cough/ croup often causes kids to have a loud cough that sounds like a seal barking.

Wheeze: breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages.

Stridor: upper airway obstruction, this appear on inspiration.

Crackles: Respiratory distress, it´s produced on low airways. In this sound there is liquid in the alveolar sac.

Grunting: this sound can be ubicated in both parts of pulmonary airway.

Croup: respiratory distress, stricor cough.

The respiratory infections have multiple causes but the most common is bacteria and viruses.
The most frecuent symptoms are: Runny nose, sore throat, red eyes, hoarseness, coughing, fever, swollen, lymph nodes.
The different disease that the child can present are: ear inflammation, bronchiolitis, croup, pink eye, soar throat, pneumonia and sinusitis.

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Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtGoN604F9o