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The Tundra Biome is the coldest of all the biomes. The tundra is a treeless plain but it has grass, moss, lichen, and shrubs in the Alpine region. It is known for it's extremely cold climate, poor nutrients, little precipitation and it's short growing seasons. It is at a very high altitude with its latitude being 60 degrees to 70 degrees north.

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The climate is cold and windy with very little rainfall. The land is covered with snow for much of the year. The climatograph gives us a an example of the temperatures and the precipitation as they rise or decrease throughout the months.

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There is one layer of the soil that it permafrost. This layer of soil is completely frozen. The rocky, wet ground is covered with lichens and low lying bushes. The tundra contains, ponds, rivers, streams, lakes, and marshes. The latitude is 60 degrees to 70 degrees North. Since the Tundra has a high latitude is has a very low insolation, which impacts why the Tundra is so cold

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There are two types of environments in the Tundra. They are the Alpine Tundra and the Antarctic Tundra. In the Alpine Tundra plants such as mosses, lichens, shrubs, perennial grasses, etc,  live in this and have adapted to the rocky soil.  Animals that live in this environment are goats, caribou, elks, etc, they adapt to the cold climate by hibernating in the winter or migrating to warmer areas. In the Antarctic Tundra it is more of an ice field but some plants that can be found here are algae, lichens, reindeer mosses, shrubs, liverwort, etc. They adapt to this cold dry environment by growing under a layer of snow and carrying out photosynthesis in the extreme cold environment. Animals in this region include polar bears, penguins, sea animals, etc. Land animals tend to have a thick coat of fur and have short arms and legs and some have larger bodies to prevent heat loss. Sea animals have blubber to help them maintain heat and keeps them from getting to cold.

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The energy pyramid shows how energy flows through organisms. The producers have the most energy and the tertiary consumers have the least energy. As the organism eat organism they only get 10 percent of the energy.

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Two plants adaptions are moss and shrubs. They adapt to the cold harsh wind by staying low to the ground and growing in clumps. They also adapt to the dry rocky soil by growing under the snow.

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Two animal adaptations are the polar bear and the Caribou. These animals have thick furry coats to protect them and survive in the cold climates. The caribou have large fur coated hooves to grip onto the frozen landscape. The polar bears large wide paws help them walk in the snow, and their white fur coats helps them blend in with the snow.

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Environmental Problems are a threat to the Tundra biome. Air Pollution can harm and kill the important food sources. Climate Change can effect the the landscape and animals that live in the environment. Industrial Activity such as the oil, gas and mining industries are damaging the fragile habitat, and with construction and heavy truck it is damaging the soil and preventing vegetation from returning.