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University Ibero-American  of Panama

Participant`s : Arthur Ortiz Escalante

I.D: 4-755-1459

group: 31

Date:  march 23, 2022

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COMPLAINT

The speech act of complaint occurs when a speaker reacts with displeasure or annoyance to an action that has affected the speaker unfavorably (Olshtain and Weinbach, 1987). Like a refusal, it is also a face-threatening act for the listener, and often realized through.

Examples:

v   "I’ve already been waiting thirty minutes for my order, and I was told it would last ten minutes."

v  This is not the product I asked for.

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REQUEST

A request is a directive speech act whose illocutionary purpose is to get the hearer to do something in circumstances in which it is not obvious that he/she will perform the action in the normal course of events (Searle 1969). By initiating a request, the speaker believes that the hearer can perform an action.

Request strategies are divided into three types:

1. direct requests

2. conventionally indirect strategies (CI), and

3. non-conventionally indirect (NCI) strategies (hints)

The perspective of requests can be emphasized, either projecting toward the speaker or the hearer.

Examples:

v  Can I borrow your pencil?

v  Could you pass me the cell phone, please?

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GREETING

The speech act of 'greeting' is one type of the expressive speech acts which reflect the psychological states of the speakers specified in the propositional contents. Each speaker may find himself/herself tending to express pleasure many times daily at meeting or seeing a hearer. Therefore, 'greeting' is one of the expressive acts mostly used in our daily life.

Example:

v  Hi, Peter. How are you doing?

v  Good morning. Nice to see you!

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APOLOGY

The speech act of apology is an act used by people to express their feelings and attitudes about certain situations and settings. Apologies are very important in resolving conflicts. They aim at maintaining and reforming social fracture caused by the offence done by the speaker.

Examples:

v  I´m sorry, it was an accident

v  I apology, it was my fault.

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INVITATION

The speech act of invitation emerges when someone asks somebody else to attend to a kind of occasion, usually the one that is hosted by the inviter.

Examples:

v  "We’re having some friends at home this evening and wanted to know if you’d like to join us."

v  Would you like to come visit us?

https://youtu.be/f2PJoe9Umxc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32Lkl7oUJrQ

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REFUSAL

Impose a threat to the face of the hearer because in performing a refusal the speaker declines to give the response his/her interlocutor expects to receive. Therefore, refusals can be interpreted as a form of disapproval or disrespect.

Examples:

v  I can´t go to school today.

v  I don´t like vegetables.

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1.    COMPLIMENT

Compliments are expressions of positive evaluation that commonly occur in everyday conversational encounters among interlocutors of equal or higher status. A compliment may be used to open a conversation or to smooth conversational interaction by reinforcing the links of solidarity between the interlocutors. People often compliment qualities related to personal appearance (e.g., clothes, hair), possessions, skill, or accomplishments.

Examples:

v  I like you new shoes.

v  Congratulations for your new job.