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- Hiểu được tầm quan trọng ipv6 khi ipv4 cạn kiệt nguồn địa chỉ

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In this lesson i'll give you an introduction to IPv6 and you will learn the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. Let's start with a nice picture:

This picture is old already but it shows you the reason why we need IPv6...we are running out of IPv4 addresses!

So what happened to IPv4? What went wrong? We have 32-bits which gives us 4,294,467,295 IP addresses. Remember our Class A, B and C ranges? When the Internet started you would get a Class A, B or C network. Class C gives you a block of 256 IP addresses, a class B is 65.535 IP addresses and a class A even 16,777,216 IP addresses. Large companies like Apple, Microsoft, IBM and such got one or more Class A networks. Did they really need > 16 million IP addresses? Many IP addresses were just wasted.

We started using VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) so we could use any subnet mask we like and create smaller subnets, we longer had to use the class A, B or C networks. We also started using NAT and PAT so we can have many private IP addresses behind a single public IP addresses.

Nevertheless the Internet has grown in a way nobody expected 20 years ago. Despite all our cool tricks like VLSM and NAT/PAT we really need more IP addresses and that's why we need IPv6.

What happened to IPv5? Good question...IP version 5 was used for an experimental project called "Internet Stream Protocol". It's defined in a RFC if you are interested:
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1819.html
IPv6 has 128 bit addresses and has a much larger address space than 32-bit IPv4 which offered us a bit more than 4 billion addresses. Keep in mind every additional bit doubles the number of IP addresses...so we go from 4 billion to 8 billion, 16,32,64, etc. Keep doubling until you reach 128 bit. With 128 bits this is the largest value you can create:

340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

Can we even pronounce this? Let's try this:

340- undecillion

282- decillion

366- nonillion

920- octillion

938- septillion

463- sextillion

463- quintillion

374- quadrillion

607- trillion

431- billion

768- million

211- thousand

456

That's mind boggling... This gives us enough IP addresses for networks on earth, the moon, mars and the rest of the universe. To put this in perspective let's put the entire IPv6 and IPv4 address space next to each other:

IPv6: 340282366920938463463374607431768211456

IPv4: 4294467295

Some other nice numbers: the entire IPv6 address space is 4294467295 times the size of the complete IPv4 address space. Or if you like percentages, the entire IPv4 address space is only 0.000000000000000000000000001.26% of the entire IPv6 address space.

The main reason to start using IPv6 is that we need more addresses but it also offers some new features:

No Broadcast traffic: that's right, we don't use broadcasts anymore. We use multicast instead. This means some protocols like ARP are replaced with other solutions.

Stateless Autoconfiguration: this is like a "mini DHCP server". Routers running IPv6 are able to advertise the IPv6 prefix and gateway address to hosts so that they can automatically configure themselves and get access outside of their own network.

Address Renumbering: renumbering static IPv4 addresses on your network is a pain. If you use stateless autoconfiguration for IPv6 then you can easily swap the current prefix with another one.

Mobility: IPv6 has built-in support for mobile devices. Hosts will be able to move from one network to another and keep their current IPv6 address.

No NAT / PAT: we have so much IPv6 addresses that we don't need NAT or PAT anymore, every device in your network can have a public IPv6 address.

IPsec: IPv6 has native support for IPsec, you don't have to use it but it's built-in the protocol.

Improved header: the IPv6 header is simpler and doesn't require checksums. It also has a flow label that is used to quickly see if certain packets belong to the same flow or not.

Migration Tools: IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible so we need migration tools. There are multiple tunneling techniques that we can use to transport IPv6 over IPv4 networks (or the other way around). Running IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously is called "dual stack".

What does an IPv6 address look like? We use a different format than IPv4:

X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X where X is a 16-bit hexadecimal field

We don't use decimal numbers like for IPv4, we are using hexadecimal now. Here's an example of an actual IPv6 address:

2041:1234:140F:1122:AB91:564F:875B:131B

Now imagine you have to call one of your users or colleagues and ask him or her to ping this IPv6 address when you are trying to troubleshoot something...sounds like fun right?

To make things a bit more convenient it's possible to shorten IPv6 addresses which I discuss in this lesson. Running a local DNS server is also a good idea. Remembering hostnames is easier than these IPv6 addresses.

That's all I have for now, I hope this introduction has given you an idea of why we need IPv6, what the address looks like and some of the new features. In the next lessons we will cover everything including addressing, routing protocols, tunneling and more.

That's all for now! You should now have an idea of how IPv6 works. In future lessons I will show you how to configure routing for IPv6 and some other things. If you have any questions just leave a comment.

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In this lesson i'll give you an introduction to IPv6 and you will learn the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. Let's start with a nice picture: This picture is old already but it shows you the reason why we need IPv6...we are running out of IPv4 addresses! So what happened to IPv4?

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- Rõ về khả năng tự động cấu hình hỗ trợ trong việc cấu hình thủ công

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- Tiếp cận với xu hướng phát triển hiện tại khi Việt Nam đang tiến hành triển khai IPv6 thay cho cho IPv4

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IPv4 has been the reigning Internet Protocol version for several decades now, even to this date. The IPv4 address space is 32-bits which allows for just over 2^32, or, 4 billion addresses which, up until now, has been sufficient. Recently, we are seeing a trend where virtually everything and anything is connected to the internet. Therefore, it is expected that soon enough, the 4 billion address spaces provided by the IPv4 will be used up.

This is where IPv6 comes into play, which is an extension of the IPv4 and was mainly deployed to fulfill the need for more internet addresses. The IPv6 address space is 128-bits which allows for over 2^128, or, 340 undecillion addresses. Undecillion? This sounds like a magic spell straight out of a Harry Potter book, but, it is actually a number that is equivalent to 340 trillion trillion, or, in a more visual sense, 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 address spaces. Did you know that such a big number even existed? An increased number of IP addresses is the primary purpose and benefit for IPv6, but not the only one.

Therefore, in this blog post we will talk about what IPv6 actually is and what other benefits it has over its predecessor, IPv4. Finally, we will provide an example of a technology that uses IPv6 communication, which is Radiocrafts' newest product line, RIIM™, Radiocrafts Industrial IP Mesh.

What is IPv6?

IPv6 is the latest version of the Internet Protocol, which identifies devices across the internet so they can be located. Every device that is identified through the internet has its own IP address in order for internet communication to work. The current industry norm is the IPv4 but is slowly being replaced with IPv6. IPv6, due to its more complex nature and immense amount of address spaces, is used more for the IoT industry.

The IPv6 protocol, which is 128-bits, consists of 8 numbered strings, and each containing 4 characters, separated by a colon. This gives us an unfathomable number of supported devices, 340 undecillions to be exact. So, with IPv6, rest assured that we will not be running out of IP address spaces anytime soon.

Other IPv6 Benefits:

More Efficient Routing - IPv6 reduces the size of routing tables and makes routing more efficient and hierarchical. In IPv6 networks, fragmentation is handled by the source device, rather than a router, using a protocol for discovery of the path's maximum transmission unit.

More efficient packet processing - Compared with the IPv4, IPv6 contains no IP-level checksum, so the checksum does not need to be recalculated at every router hop.

Directed Data Flows - IPv6 supports multicast rather than broadcast. Multicast allows bandwidth-intensive packet flows to be sent to multiple destinations simultaneously, saving network bandwidth.

Simplified network configuration - IPv6 devices can independently auto-configure themselves when connected to other IPv6 devices. Configuration tasks that can be carried out automatically include IP address assignment and device numbering.

Security - IPSec security, which provides confidentiality, authentication, and data integrity, is engraved into IPv6.

Radiocrafts' new product line, RIIM™, Radiocrafts Industrial IP Mesh, is an example of an RF technology which uses IPv6 communication.
RIIM™ and IPv6:

RIIM™ (Radiocrafts IP Mesh) is an embedded RF system designed to be an all-inclusive, easy to use mesh, with direct IP addressing. The RF protocol is the IEEE802.15.4 g/e standard. RIIM™ includes an Intelligent C-programmable I/O (ICI), which makes it possible to directly interface to any sensor or actuator, and, it supports Mist Computing. RIIM™ does not require any license or subscription fee.

The RIIM™ network uses 6LoWPAN packets in the RF network to enable IPv6 communication to each individual sensor/actuator. This makes RIIM™ directly compatible to most cloud services. Additionally, the mesh set-up is 100% automatic. Just add the PAN ID and the network will form itself using an algorithm that finds the most optimum path to reach individual nodes in the network, and, it stores the information in a routing table. You can monitor the quality of the links via the RIIM™ Network Dashboard. RIIM™ can also talk to devices that use IPv4.

To learn more about RIIM™ click here.

What to Take Away From This?

What you should take away from this blog post is that the IoT industry is rapidly changing. To be exact, it is growing at an annual rate of 28.5% per year, which is unmatched by any other industry in the world. One part of this growth is the enormous increase in the amount of devices we are connecting to the internet. As we connect more devices to the internet, we require more address spaces. This is why IPv6 is so important, the 4 billion address spaces provided by IPv4 will eventually be used up so we need to adapt to the current needs and begin a shift towards IPv6. In order to do this, we need to understand what IPv6 actually is, its benefits, use cases, so that we can make an educated and informed business decision on, for example, using an RF technology with IPv6 communication capabilities such as RIIM™.

So, what is your opinion on IPv6? What impact do you think IPv6 will have in the IoT industry in the years to come? Do you disagree with any of the statements we have made? Use the comment section below to start a discussion, ask questions, or just to give feedback and say hi. Radiocrafts or another blog reader will answer!

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What Are The Advantages of IPv6? - Radiocrafts

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IPv4 has been the reigning Internet Protocol version for several decades now, even to this date. The IPv4 address space is 32-bits which allows for just over 2^32, or, 4 billion addresses which, up until now, has been sufficient. Recently, we are seeing a trend where virtually everything and anything is connected to the internet.

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- Với nhu cầu xử lí khối lượng dữ liệu ngày càng cao,các công ty viễn thông bắt đầu đầu tư phát triển mạng 5G và các dịch vụ IoT trong mọi lĩnh vực. Mà trong IPv6 đã được thiết kế mặc định và bắt buộc trong các dịch vụ 5G, IoT

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- Tìm hiểu rõ về ipv6 để hỗ trợ trong việc học tập và trong công việc

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Tìm hiểu khái quát IPv6, các cơ chế chuyển đổi từ IPv4 sang IPv6.

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- Việt Nam đang thực hiện chương trình chuyển đổi toàn bộ mạng Internet Việt Nam sang ứng dụng địa chỉ giao thức Internet thế hệ mới (IPv6)

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- Trước sự cạn kiệt của không gian địa chỉ IPv4 không thể đáp ứng nhu cầu của sự phát triển mở rộng mạng, việc chuyển đổi sang IPV6 được xem là giải pháp thông minh. Thực tế cho thấy, IPv6 mang đến cho người dùng Internet nhiều lợi ích khác nhau .

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Thuộc lĩnh vực Khoa học kĩ thuật và công nghệ.

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Các cơ chế chuyển đổi từ IPV4 sang IPV6. 

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Các cơ chế chuyển đổi từ IPV4 sang IPV6. 