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Forces and motion falls under the category of physical science. Physical science is any of the natural sciences such as chemistry, physics, and astronomy that deal primarily with nonliving materials

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Greek philosophers in the 6th and 5th centuries B.C. described the world in terms of ordinarily observable natural processes. Used broad questions that still underline science today.

Aristotle was primarily concerned with the philosophical question of the nature of motion as one variety of change (e.g. as long as a body remains in motion, a force must be acting on that body)

Notable scientists: Galileo, Aristotle, Sir Isaac Newton, Christaan Huygens, Thomas Young, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, Marie Curie, C.V. Raman, Archimedes, Blaise Pascal, Edwin Schrodinger, Georges Lemaitre, and Heinrich Hertz

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K.P.1.1 Compare the relative position of various objects observed in the classroom and outside using position words such as: in front of, behind, between, on top of, under, above, below, and beside.
K.P.1.2 Give examples of different ways objects and organisms move (to include falling to the ground when dropped): straight, zigzag, round and round, back and forth, fast and slow
K.P.2.2  compare the observable physical properties of different kinds of materials (clay, wood, cloth, paper, etc.) from which objects are made and how they are used

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1.P.1.1 explain the importance of a push or pull to changing the motion of an object
1.P.1.2 explain how some forces (pushes and pulls) can be used to make things move without touching them, such as magnets
1.P.1.3 predict the effect of a given force on the motion of an object, including balanced forces

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2.P.1.1 illustrate how sound is produced by vibrating objects and columns of air
2.P.1.2 summarize the relationship between sound and objects of the body that vibrate - eardrum and vocal cords

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3.P.1.1 infer changes in speed or direction resulting from forces acting on an object
3.P.1.2 compare the relative speeds (faster or slower) of objects that travel the same distance in different amounts of time
3.P.1.3 explain the effects of earth's gravity on the motion of any object on or near the earth

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4.P.1.1 explain how magnets interact with all things made of iron and with other magnets to produce motion without touching them
4.P.1.2 explain how electrically charged objects push or pull on other electrically charged objects and produce motion

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5.P.1.1  explain how factors such as gravity, friction, and change in mass affect the motion of objects
5.P.1.2 infer the motion of objects in terms of how far they travel in a certain amount of time and the direction in which they travel
5.P.1.3 illustrate the motion of an object using a graph to show a change in position over a period of time
5.P.1.4 predict the effect of a given force or a change in mass on the motion of an object

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6.P.1.1 compare the properties of waves to the wavelike property of energy in earthquakes, light, and sound
6.P.1.2 explain the relationship among visible light, the electromagnetic spectrum, and sight
6.P.1.3 explain the relationship among the rate of vibration, the medium through which vibrations travel, sound and hearing

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Push
Pull
Motion
Object
Balanced
Forces
Effect
Movement
Magnetism

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Force- strength or power exerted upon an object
Motion- the action or process of moving or of changing place or position
Push- to press upon or against (a thing) with force in order to move it away
Pull- to draw or tug at with force
Movement- the act, process, or result of moving
Balance- to bring to or hold in equilibrium
Magnet- a body, as a piece of iron or steel, that possesses the property of certain substances, as iron
Energy- an adequate or abundant amount of such power

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This book is about a roller coaster and how the people are feeling as they wait in line, while on the coaster, and afterward. While it doesn't dive into the physics of the coaster, it would be a good introduction into that so we could dig even deeper.

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This book is about a group of animals (mouse, bobcat, wolf, deer, rabbit, turtle, and bear) who are trying to figure out how to equally play tug-of-war but the force of the pull on one side is always stronger than the other until they figure out a solution to make the teams equal so that way the game is better for everyone.

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Motion: Push and Pull, Fast and Slow - Darlene Stille

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Motion: Push and Pull, Fast and Slow - Darlene Stille

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This book takes the reader through the different kinds of motion and forces that are all around us and effect us every day.

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Magic School Bus Plays Ball - Joanna Cole

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Magic School Bus Plays Ball - Joanna Cole

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This book follows the kids of the Magic School Bus as they start to play a game of baseball and them teasing Dorothy Ann because she comes up with a book about physics. The Magic School Bus gets shrunken down and goes into the textbook onto a page where they play baseball on a frictionless baseball field. Throughout this, they discover how important friction is and they also learn about pushes and pulls.

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This book follows a boy and his dog (Newton) as they go throughout the day and play around with different types of forces and motions using everyday object around him (the ball, his truck, his wagon, riding his bike, trying to push his parents' car, and dominoes).

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Move It!: Motion, Forces, and You - Adrienne Mason

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Move It!: Motion, Forces, and You - Adrienne Mason

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This book details all of the different ways that force is applied to cause movement to either happen or stop.

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Support us and get a bi-weekly newsletter with game discounts, free access codes, exclusive giveaways, gaming reviews! You also get Physicsgames.net ad-free!

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Physics Games - online physics-based games

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A collection of physics-based games that can be played online and embedded into your blog or website.

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Find lessons on Forces and Motion for all grades. Free interactive resources and activities for the classroom and home.

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Pushes and Pulls | Hero Elementary™ | PBS LearningMedia

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In these Hero Elementary activities, children explore the science of the way things move with a push or a pull. They discover that a push or a pull can move an object from one spot to another. They observe that objects move in many different ways with different pushes or pulls.

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How Do Planes Fly? | Best Learning Videos For Kids | Thinking Captain

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Dominoes, balloons, catapults, rubber bands, balls, magnets, pool noodles, ping pong balls, coins, paint, tape, ramps (wedges), toilet paper (or paper towel tubes), sand, water, paper, Legos, straws, dish soap

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4K AWESOME Twister Roller Coaster Front Seat POV Knoebels Amusement Park

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Forces and Motion in the Real World - Kathleen Muldoon (book) 

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Forces and Motion in the Real World - Kathleen Muldoon (book) 

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Why does the ocean have waves? (Article from National Ocean Service)

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Why does the ocean have waves? (Article from National Ocean Service)

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VIDEO: What are waves? Here's what you need to know in less than a minute. Transcript

The ocean is never still. Whether observing from the beach or a boat, we expect to see waves on the horizon. Waves are created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion. However, water does not actually travel in waves. Waves transmit energy, not water, across the ocean and if not obstructed by anything, they have the potential to travel across an entire ocean basin.

Waves are most commonly caused by wind. Wind-driven waves, or surface waves, are created by the friction between wind and surface water. As wind blows across the surface of the ocean or a lake, the continual disturbance creates a wave crest. These types of waves are found globally across the open ocean and along the coast.

More potentially hazardous waves can be caused by severe weather, like a hurricane. The strong winds and pressure from this type of severe storm causes storm surge, a series of long waves that are created far from shore in deeper water and intensify as they move closer to land. Other hazardous waves can be caused by underwater disturbances that displace large amounts of water quickly such as earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. These very long waves are called tsunamis. Storm surge and tsunamis are not the types of waves you imagine crashing down on the shore. These waves roll upon the shore like a massive sea level rise and can reach far distances inland.

The gravitational pull of the sun and moon on the earth also causes waves. These waves are tides or, in other words, tidal waves. It is a common misconception that a tidal wave is also a tsunami. The cause of tsunamis are not related to tide information at all but can occur in any tidal state.

Video Transcript

Waves transmit energy, not water, and are commonly caused by the wind as it blows across the ocean, lakes, and rivers. Waves caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun are called tides. The ebb and flow of waves and tides are the life force of our world ocean.

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Tsunami waves may travel as fast as jet planes over deep waters, only slowing down when reaching shallow waters. Find out more in our Ocean Fact.

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The ocean is never still. Whether observing from the beach or a boat, we expect to see waves on the horizon. Waves are created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion. However, water does not actually travel in waves.

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Similarities between birds and planes (Article from unfoldanswers)

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Similarities between birds and planes (Article from unfoldanswers)

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Birds and aircraft are amazing because of their common attribute, flight. Why is flight amazing? It might have been formidable to the humans at some point of time. But we humans did fly and today at this point, millions of people fly in the air daily.

5 similarities between birds and aircraft

Humans must have gained the inspiration of flight from birds, since birds were the only living creatures (putting aside the insects) gifted with the skill of flight. The early days aircraft prototypes contained movable wings as birds. We can be much inclined to this 'bird inspired airplane' hypothesis even more enlisting similarities between aircraft and birds. So here are 5 similarities between birds and aircraft.

1. The take off (lift)

Birds take off in various ways. Some birds run just before flight to create an air lift (upward force), some flap their wings and some just jump off and glide. The flapping of their wings to swipe the air below as well as their speed during the run results the pressure below the birds to be higher and that of above to be lower. So, this creates an air lift which pushes the birds upward.

The similar kind of thing occur in an aircraft. In helicopter, the rotor pushes the air downwards as do wings in a bird. Also in airplane, the speed in the runway creates the pressure difference, which is responsible for creating the lift enough for flight. The structural design is actually more important for the lift.
2. The shape and structure
The structure of birds and aircraft is quite similar. Both have streamlined body structure which is necessary for flight. The body is made up of light materials in case of aircraft whereas birds have light bones and feathers in their body.

The wings make birds and aircraft even closer, as both of them use wings for flight as well as the shape of it. Also, the front part of aircraft is pointed as the front part of bird (beak). This is responsible for creating them more aerodynamic and helps in forward movement by sweeping the air.
3. Flight techniques - Hovering and gliding
There are various flight techniques that aircraft practice as the birds do. Both birds and winged aircraft can glide in the air for a longer distance. They can also use gliding as an energy efficient mode. During gliding almost no energy is spent by birds whereas the aircraft also use minimum of energy.

Also the helicopters hover as different birds do. The diving technique used by birds is also used in airshows. Most of the flight techniques are adopted from the observation of birds as human strive to outwit birds in flying.
4. Movement in the air
Aircraft use different movable parts in their wings and tails to maneuver or simply change direction so as to direct the movement like rudder, elevator and ailerons. They control horizontal and vertical movement as well as tilting. Likewise the tail of birds are responsible for the maneuvers and the entire movement since both parts of birds are completely movable unlike aircraft.
5. Landing
Aircraft and birds both gain or lose elevation with the variation of the drag force that acts downward and the lift force that acts upwards. The parts that control the movement are the things that enable them to create such variation finally enabling them to land as well as take off.

Both of them take control during the landing process by the use of their motion controllers. Birds usually generate a resistance by flapping their wings while the aircraft move the ailerons, elevator and apply brakes.

Apart from these similarities, both are different in terms of many other things. Even we can sort many differences out in those above similarities when we scrutinize these two things more. Aircraft have evolved much from where they have started. So, the early bird inspired aircraft were more bird like than these modern evolved aircraft that we observe today.

Ashwin Khadka is a Physics graduate from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. He is a science enthusiast, researcher and writer. Apart from writing he is also a researcher, with specialization on thin films for electrodes in solar cells.

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5 Similarities Between Birds And Aircraft

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Birds and aircraft are amazing because of their common attribute, flight. Why is flight amazing? It might have been formidable to the humans at some point of time. But we humans did fly and today at this point, millions of people fly in the air daily.

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Soaring with migrating birds (Video from National Geographic)

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Soaring with migrating birds (Video from National Geographic)

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Soar Alongside Migrating Birds—and the Man Who Flies With Them | National Geographic

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How Birds Fly? - The Dr. Binocs Show | Best Learning Videos For Kids | Peekaboo Kidz

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1. Quick writes about the day's topics
2. Group work for experiments w/ their science journals
3. Learners will identify and label where different pushes and pulls on a roller coaster that they design
4. Learners will design and test different shapes of flying objects (planes, balls, UFO (frisbee), wings) to see the different forces in play with the aerodynamics

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1. Final project, learners will explore the world of forces and motion in their homes by designing an experiment and write a few sentences about one specific force/motion with some pictures they took. This will be presented as a gallery walk.