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Research the studies identified in each column, make sure that you explain how it shows inequality / advantage / disadvantage.
***SEE EXAMPLE OF HOW EACH STUDY SHOULD BE LAID OUT & EXPLAINED***
All points need to provide evidence for ethnic inequality, there should be NO evaluation points

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Education statistics (use separate notes for each source)

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Education statistics (use separate notes for each source)

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OCR book 2 p.114-117

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Haralambos p.701
Studied the effects of poverty on education, and found a number of barriers to education that can result from low income such as insufficient funds for school uniforms, school trips- could result in children being bullied, people from low income families may be more likely to suffer from ill health which could effect attendance, marketisation of schools tend to show “worse of schools” in poorer areas.

This shows social class inequality because in a way it shows the quality of education that a student gets can be based of their household income. People with more money are seen as getting a better education as they have more money for private tuition (for example) whereas people with lesson money may not have the money for this so this could hinder their education.

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Haralambos p.701-702

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A report by the Sutton Trust found that high-achieving students from independent (private schools) were twice as likely to apply to either Oxford or Cambridge University than high-achieving students from state school. This shows evidence of social inequality because even though working class students may have the same predicted grades they are less likely to have the opportunity to attend prestigious universities which could impact on their future life chances in employment.

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OCR book 2 p.119-120
Found class differences in ability were apparent from an early age. Found class differences in parental support and interest was the most significant factor in differences in attainment between children. Concluded that working class families put less value of the importance of education on children and have lower aspirations for them, these attitudes are passed on through their socialisation. Could imply that working class children lack adequate preparation for education in the way they are socialised by parents therefore disadvantaged.

Shows social class inequality because arguably working class children are 'set up' to fail through their socialisation at a young age. Typically, children from wealthier backgrounds are supported by parents in their education and their attainment is higher and working class kids may not have this so this could put them at a disadvantage compared to their wealthier peers.

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OCR book 2 p.124

Bourdieu says that the education system is to blame for the educational under-achievement of the children in the working-class.
This implies social inequality as it presents the working class as inferior to those of middle class who have more opportunities later on in life.

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OCR book 2 p.121
Speech Patterns- suggested differences in the way social classes use language are at the root of class differences in education. Identified two codes of speech: restricted code (‘short hand’) and elaborated code (‘complex form’). Shows social class inequality as it was said working class people tend to use restricted code alongside other things like slang whereas middle class people can switch between the codes. Shows inequality in education as teachers have to use both codes of speech so this gives an advantage to middle-class students who can already use both codes of speech whereas working class students can’t so puts them at a disadvantage when starting education.

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Haralambos p.701

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OCR book 2 p.127
Carried out interviews with teachers and classroom observations in two secondary schools and noted if students became typed or classified. Found teachers labelled students on things such as appearance, how they spoke. Links to social class inequality as these are cultural indicators/social class inequalities. Would see that teachers treat students different based of what they thought their social class was, in turn would effect students academic success

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Haralambos p.703

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Haralambos p.704

Keddie sees cultural deprivation as no more than a "myth" and dismisses the idea that failure in schools can be blamed on a culturally deprived home background.
This links to social inequality as the social and cultural background cannot be changed as well as it is not that the children are culturally deprived just have different culture. By being culturally different it does not mean that the children are less capable of succeeding as those of middle class if they were equal.

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he importance of education on children and have lower aspirations for them, these attitudes are passed on through their socialisation. 